Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
P. Paterno St., Tacloban City
MM 501 – Principles and Theories of Management
ANSWER SHEET
Module 3
Name: ALLAIN LOYD C. BORER Date: October 23, 2021
Course: MM 501 Principles and Theories of Management Schedule: 7:30-10:30 AM SS
A. Case Study No. 3
Facts of the Case
Pete is the Personnel Director of ABC Corporation. He is young but very bright. He comes from
rich family. He was assigned by the Board of Directors to prepare the Manual of Policies and Operation
of the Company which was later approved in toto by said Board. Among the policies embodied in the
said Manual are: yearly training of supervisors; promotion of supervisors who have been instrumental
in increased production at least 20% a year; and a vacation leave without pay for supervisor with
below par performance.
After a year of implementation of the aforestated Manual of Policies and Operations, the
company workforce, in general, have a very low morale. Absenteeism was quite prevalent.
Problem:
What do you think is wrong in ABC Corporation? Explain your answer or answers. If something
is wrong, what should be done, in your opinion? Explain your conclusions.
I think its on the Policy made by the Personnel Director of ABC Corporation. Though the policy
would give yearly trainings for supervisors and promotion of supervisors who have been instrumental
in increased production at least 20% a year, it sounds inhuman for granting vacation leave without
pay for supervisors with below par performance. Supervisors are treated here as machines not
humans. Yes, the constructed policies increase the competency skills of the supervisors on the other
hand, its actually the company alone who enjoys the benefit of its policies. That’s the irony there.
Pressure is really a hard battle for them because every now and then, they would aim to increase the
production at least 20% a year because non-fulfillment of the set goals could result negative at their
end.
I think the policies should have been expounded more. That should be comprehensive at the
same time specific in addressing challenges that the company may encounter. They should not resort
to an immediate disincentive if there is a failure on the part of the supervisor in fulfilling its
responsibility to somehow increase the production. When crafting policy, it should not only be made
by sole person. The plan of one person is not the absolute plan and would never be. This should be
carefully made. Board of directors and the management should sit down on this. Internal and external
factors should be considered in the planning stage.
I can really say that the policy made by the company was ineffective and impractical because
the results speak much of its failure. Hopefully, they should take steps in planning to create Company
policies for the good both of the organization and its people.
B. Analysis
1. Planning is simply preparing today for tomorrow. It involves the process of determining in
advance the purposes and objectives of an organization and the proper courses of action to facilitate
the accomplishment of said purposes and/or objectives.
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2. To measure the effectiveness of plan made by the organization is to examine how it links
the objectives to the way it was planned in achieving them. It is effective if it uses the resources
allocated according to the plan and delivers the expected results. The result itself measures the
effectiveness of the plan.
3. Planning is looking ahead because the organization is still had to envision what is to be
expected while controlling is looking back because the organization has to make sure that things are
in place and actions are properly performed to address what has been planned.
4. In general, a mission defines what an organization is currently doing while a vision is
basically the ultimate goal of what they’d like to accomplish. A mission is what drives the company
while a vision gives the company a direction.
5. An objective is what the company wants to achieve while strategy is a design to carry out
efficiently and effectively the set objectives.
6. I think Japanese has the best planning practices. Aside from the fact that it is coming from
st
the 1 world countries, its technological advancements dominate in the business world. Plans are
made in a long-term orientation. Participation in the decision making among the employees is more
adopted. Though decisions made may be slow because of a large involvement, it is indeed fast in the
implementation stage.
7. Principle of Objectives- If objectives are to be meaningful to people, they must be clear,
attainable and verifiable. The organization should set up certain aims for the achievement of which
various departments should work. A common goal so devised for the business as a whole and the
organization is set up to achieve that goal. In the absence of common aim, various departments will
set up their own goals and there is a possibility of conflicting objectives for different departments. So,
there must be an objective for the organization.
C. Quiz
I. Identification
1. Principle of Contribution to Objective
2. Principle of Efficiency plans
3. Principle of Planning Premises
4. Principle of the Strategy and Policy Framework
5. Principle of Navigational Change
6. Principle of Objectives
7. Principle of Primacy of Planning
8. Principle of the Limiting Factor
9. The Commitment Principle
10. Principle of Flexibility
II. Answer the following items:
A. Explain Importance of Planning
Planning has always been an important action to be made by an organization
in the achievement of its goals and objectives. The result of the combined efforts of
the organization and its people measures the efficiency and effectiveness of its plan.
If the actual result differed from the expected result, there is a most probable failure
in the planning stage. Though there are other factors that would affect in the
achievement of its goals and objectives, those factors should have been considered
and expected in the planning process. Contingencies and other alternatives could be
resorted in somehow not deviating in the original plan made by the organization. So,
its very important to point out every aspect; the risks, the challenges, contingencies,
external factors and internal factors in the planning stage. Anyways, the organization
is still in tuned and directed in fulfilling its company goals and objectives.
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B. Discuss Planning Process
Planning is not just a one-time idea then follows immediate implementation
in the organization. It is not concerned only on one aspect but consider different
factors in molding best plan. It takes steps and processes in making a sound plan.
First, Setting of Organizational Objectives. These objectives or goals should
reflect the philosophy and purpose for which the organization is organized. This
provides the direction on where should the company go. The organization and its
people would feel its purpose if there is a sense of direction.
Second, Developing Strategies and tactics. Of course, the design which the
organization should made in achieving its goals and objectives. There is already a
direction, next, how it should be sustained in an effective and efficient way. Well, we’ll
go through the establishment of strategies and tactics which is necessary in order to
achieve the predetermined objectives. These are plans which specify the courses of
action that will sustain the competitive position of the organization, reinforcing those
aspects wherein the organization is weak.
Third, Setting timetable. This is set for the purpose of scheduling, coordinating
and completing the activities which are essential for the successful completion of the
various tasks or targets to be accomplished. This guides also in determining what are
the organization’s priorities and spend the right time on the right tasks. It also reminds
the organization as a whole the scheduled time to complete the tasks.
Fourth, Checking plans for specificity, flexibility and feasibility. Specificity
demands that plans be clearly defined to be operative and measurable and be a tool
to judge success. Flexibility affords the manager the degree of leeway he needs to be
able to react or respond to changing conditions. It stretches the organization’s ability
to address concerns beyond its normal position. It also provides information to its
people on what goal they are trying to achieve. It does not just able them to have a
high level of project plan in place, but also know how to adjust it, monitor it for risks
and challenges and improve existing plan. Feasibility, on the other hand, ensures a
certain degree of assurance in the achievement of the desired results in that the plans
are practical, measurable and attainable, given the corresponding resources duly
programmed therefor.
Fifth, Implementing the reporting and control system. This makes sures that
plans are in place. Courses of actions are made in connection with existing plan.
Results are identified and checked if it serves the plan and the resulting information
measures how effective the plans that were made.
D. Application
1. Get the latest copy of action plan or strategic plan or development plan of your agency.
Describe the process how and who made the plan.
The plan was constructed by the VSU head of agency and different department heads coming
up with a very comprehensive and detailed strategic plan Year 2017 to 2022. It is divided into long
term/short term goals/ objectives, Strategies/action, Key Performance indicator, current
performance/baseline and Targets. Each division identifies lists of parameters in construction of the
strategic plan. The agency aims to produce highly competent, internationally recognized and skilled
graduates in Science and Technology especially in Sustainable Agriculture, Pedagogy and
Environmental Protection. They are also directed to produce and disseminate Scientific Knowledge,
Technology, Innovation and Creative works that will foster inclusive growth of the community and
sustain productivity in agriculture, industry and the environment. They have also identified other long-
term goals more on the generation of resources, development of efficient, effective and client-
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centered administrative support services, Facilities development and Network of linkages
development. These are all done in consonance with the University’s Vision and Mission.
2. Write a reflection of what you have learned from the module.
I have learned about the concepts of planning and its importance, planning process, global
planning and principles of planning. Planning has an important role in the achievement of the company
goals and objectives. It provides direction on how and where should the company go. It also gives
meaning on its primary existence; the purpose of its creation. Though it is already part in the human
system of what should be done every day, it is also necessary to follow certain steps and processes so
that plan may be efficiently and effectively carried out and the results expected to flow from it is sound
and outstanding. Why there are successful individuals and corporations, because it all starts in the
making of the plan. Failure in planning is planning to fail. So, it is really in important to exert much
efforts, to give more time and consider different factors in crafting plan of action. There are several
principles of planning wherein organization are driven in the achievement of its goals and objectives.
These influence the organization who, where, what and how things should be done. Some are already
embedded in the company policies; others are integrated in the organizational structure so that the
organization is in place in the attainment of its set goals and objectives.
Submitted to:
NESTOR C. SEDANZA, D.M.
Course Professor
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