Waves and

Thermodynamics UNIT 3
SECTION-A
1. Answer (3)
5  3  400  3  5  300
T 
53  35
= 350 K
= 77°C
2. Answer (3)
Tf = 9Ti
Q = nCV(9Ti – Ti)

 5R 
= n   8T 
 2 
= 20 nRT
3. Answer (2)
k

2 d 2P

1.38  1023  373

= 1.41 3.14  1020 13.6  103  10  4  106 
= 214 mm
4. Answer (2)
2  RT 4

V 1 V 2

22 4
At V = 2, RT  
1 4 5

3RT
 Urms 
M
5. Answer (3)
RT R
P
V

V

T0  V 2 
dP T
 0 V  0
dV 

R  T0 
Pmin  T0    
T0 /   

 2R T0

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94 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

6. Answer (3)

1kg 1kg 1kg

+ +
Ice Water Steam

0°C 100°C 100°C

First of all, we convert all ice water and steam into water at 0°C. In this process, net heat taken
Q = –(1 × 80) + (1 × 1 × 100) + (1 × 540 + 1 × 1 × 100)
= (–80 + 100 + 640) kcal
Q = 660 kcal
Total mass = 3 kg
Water °C Water(100°C) Steam(100°C)
Water
Water + Steam

Q=0 Q = 3 × 1 × 100 Q = 300 + 3 × 540

m = 3 kg = 300 kcal = 300 + 1620
= 1920 kcal
360 2
Final composition will have water + steam at 100°C. Amount of steam ms  kg = kg
540 3

7
Amount of water mw  kg
3
7. Answer (1)


P
T2

RT 
 2 [for one mole]
V T

V T2

RT 

R 3
V  T


R
dv   3T 2 dT


R 
PdV   3T 2 dT  2
 T
PdV  3RdT
For n mole PdV = 3nRdT

W 2T0

 PdV   3RndT
0 T0

W  3RnT0

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 95
8. Answer (4)
By conservation of energy,

5 3 f
P0V  P0V  P (V  V )
2 2 2

nHe  3  nH2  5 4  3  3  5 27
Here f = average degrees of freedom = = 
nHe  nH2 43 7

9. Answer (1)
Total mass = 6.0 grams

1 R T
MV 2  5  n1  n2 
2 2
where n1 and n2 are no. of moles of oxygen and nitrogen.

1 2  3.2 2.8  R T
 6  103  100  5  
2  32 28  2

5  0.2  8.31  T
30 
2

6 o
T  C  7.23 o C
0.831
10. Answer (1)
'L = LD'T
Ÿ l = LD'T

Q Q
Now,   
mC ALC

Q AlC
l  L  Q 
ALC 
11. Answer (3)
U = 2 + 3 PV
U = 2 + 3nRT

U 1 U
  3nR   3R
T n T

 Cv  3R
12. Answer (2)
'l = (l1D1 + l2D2)'t = (50 × 2.0 × 10–5 + 50 × 1.2 × 10–5)200
13. Answer (2)

1
Initial K.E = × m × (400)2 = 80000 m joule
2
m = mass of bullet
increase in P.E. = m × 10 × 500 = 5000 m
remaining K.E = 75000 m joule = 7.5 m × 104 joule
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96 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

Heat required to increase the temperature of bullet from 27°C to 327°C.

= m × 125 × 300
= m × (3.75 × 104) joule
= 3.75 m × 104 joule
Remaining heat = 0.6 × 7.5m × 104 – 3.75m × 104 joule
= 4.5 m × 104 – 3.75 m × 104
= 0.75 m × 104 joule
Suppose m0 kg of bullet converts into liquid
0.75 m × 104 = m0 × 2.5 × 104
m0 = 0.3 m kg
0.3m
% mass converted into liquid =  100  30%
m
14. Answer (3)
E = VAT4

A
E    2T 4  4AT 4  4E
4
15. Answer (1)

T 2V  constant

PV
T 
R

P 2V 2
 V  constant
R2

P 2V 3  constant
3
PV 2
 constant
2

PV x  constant

3
x
2

R R
C 
r  1 1 x

R R R  1   1  2r  2   3  2r 
C    2R  R   2  R    R 
r 1 3 r 1  r 1   r 1   r 1 
1
2
16. Answer (3)

175
On solving for temperature at A  C
3

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 97
17. Answer (2)


 PV  nRT  nR
P

3
 P 2V  C

1 3
3 dP
 VP 2  P2  0
2 dV

3 dP
 V  P
2 dV

dP 2
 V  P
dV 3
18. Answer (3)
According to Wien’s displacement law
1

T
 T  0 .1
Ÿ   
 T  100
O = 0.13 mm
19. Answer (3)
Specific heat capacity = Molar mass × Molar heat capacity
Ÿ CP – CV v Molar mass
20. Answer (2)
Q = Q1 + Q 2 ...(1)

T Q1 A
Also, Q  kA Ÿ Q vA Ÿ  1 ...(2)
x Q2 A2

From (1) & (2)

 A1   A2 
Q1   Q; Q2   Q
 A1  A2   A1  A2 
21. Answer (3)

For cyclic process Q  W   Pdv

∵ PV = nRT
Ÿ PdV + vdP = nR dT

Ÿ  PdV  nR  dT   VdP
B C D A


 nR 0  VdP
A
VdP  VdP  VdP
B C D

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98 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

1 2
dp dp
 0  nR 400
p 
 0  nR 300
2
p 
1

1
 nR 400Ln  300nRLn 2
2

 nR100Ln 2

 2  8.314  100  0.693  1152 J

22. Answer (2)

n 5 n 7
Q  R(2T  T )   R(2T  T )
2 2 2 2
= 3nRT
23. Answer (3)
For steady state, V(T14 – T4) = V(T4 – T24)

T14  T24
Ÿ T  4
2
24. Answer (1)
For A, Q = 'U + w = 0
For B, w is less as area enclosed is less.
Also, 'U is more negative. So, Q < 0
25. Answer (2)
26. Answer (2)

dQ  nCdT  nCv dT  n3aT 2dT

 dQ  nCv dT  3anT 2dT

 dQ  dU  3anT 2dT

3an dv 3a
 Pdv  RT .TdT   TdT
R v R

v T
dv 3a T
v 3a T 2 


v0
v

R T0
T dT  Ln
v0
  
R  2 T0

3a
v 3a  2 2 v
 Ln  T  T0    e 2R T 2  T02 
v 0 2R v0

3a 3a 2 2
v  T T0 
  e 2R T 2  T02   ve 2R  v0
v0

3a 2 3a
 T T02
 ve 2R  v 0 e 2R  constant

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 99
27. Answer (3)

v2 V2 V2 V

w   PdV = V
K
n
dV = K V 
n
V 1  n
dv = K 
 2
 =
 1
K
 n

V21  n  V11  n 
v1 V1 V1  1 n V1

K  V2 V1   1  P2V2n .V2 P1V1n .V1  1

=  n  n =  n
 n  = [P2V2  P1V1 ]
1  n V2 V1  n  1  V2 V1  n 1

 P1V1  P2V2 
=  n 1

 
28. Answer (3)
R1 = radius of circle along x-axis (V-axis)
P
R1sin 60° = V0 3P0 B
2V0 2
R1  A
3 P0 C
3P0
R2 = radius of circle along y-axis (P-axis) = 60° 120°
2
work done by gas = area under curve
V
V0 2V0 3V0
1 1 
 R1R2    P0  V0  2
3  2 

1  2V0   3P0 
     P0V0
3  3   2 

P0V0
  P0V0
3

  
 P0V0  1
 3 

29. Answer (1)

For linear variation of pressure with volume,

 P  P2 
w  1 V  5  10 5  2  10  10 5 J
 2 
30. Answer (3)
D1L1 = D2L2
Ÿ 19 × 10–3 × 0.39 = 13 × 10–3 × L2
Ÿ L2 = 57 cm
31. Answer (1)
As mercury is poured slowly, the situation will be like the one shown by following set of figures.

10 – h 80 cm
h

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100 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

So, the volume of air that has been trapped, at atmospheric pressure, is A ×(10). Here, A is area of cross-section.
Final volume of trapped air is A (10 – h). As temperature is constants, so we can write
P1V1 = P2V2
(75 cm) (A × 10) = (75 + 80 – h) [A × (10 – h)]
750 = 1550 – 155h – 10h + h2
h2 – 165h + 800 = 0
Ÿ h = 160 cm
or h = 5 cm
32. Answer (4)
On heating, both solid and liquid expand. The thrust is
Th = VsUl g
Now VS increase while Ul decreases
33. Answer (1)
'l = l1D1'T + l2D2'T

l l   l 2 2
  1 1
l l1  l 2
34. Answer (2)

C0 40  10
 Ÿ C = 37.5°C
100  0 90  10
35. Answer (2)
Final temperature is zero, as only melting is required
mice × 80 + mice × 1 × (100 – 0) = msteam × 540
36. Answer (2)

Yt  Y0 t 0

Y90  Y0 90  0

25  0.5 t
Ÿ 
50  5 90
or t = 40°C
37. Answer (2)

1 m  T 1
m     T   2T
T m T 2

P
P T4   2 4  16
P
38. Answer (4)
At constant pressure, V v T

dV dT
Ÿ 
V T

dV 1
Ÿ 
VdT T

1
or 
T

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 101

39. Answer (3)

Q : U : W  nCp dT : nCv dT : n Cp  Cv  dT
 Cp : Cv : Cp  Cv
7R 5R
: :R
2 2
=[Link]
40. Answer (3)
dT = sdt
30

  3T 
2
Q  4T dt
20

T 
30
3
=  2T 2
20

= [27000 + 1800 – 8000 – 800]J

Q = 20 kJ
41. Answer (3)
From state A to B, dU = 0, T is constant
2v 0
dv
? W  nRT

v0
v
 3RT ln2 ...(i)

5 4
2U0 = 3  RT , RT =  U0 ...(ii)
2 15
From (i) & (ii)
4
W  U0 ln2
5
42. Answer (3)
When ice melts, volume decreases so, work is done by the surrounding on the ice-water system.
43. Answer (1)
For AB, P v T
Ÿ V = constant
For BC, P = P0 + kT
PV = nRT
nRT
V 
P0  kT
Volume varies hyperbolically with temperature
44. Answer (3)

P
B
2P0 M(P, V)

P0 C
A

V
V0 2V0

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102 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

In process A to B, heat supplied by external agent

5 5P V
QAB 
2
 2P0V0  P0V0   20 0
In process C to A, heat is rejected. In process B to C, heat is supplied by external agent from state B to the state
M. At state M, slope of BC = slope of adiabatic
P
 tan    . ,
V
P0 P
 . ...(i)
V0 V

Equation of process B to C,

P0
P V  3P0 ...(ii)
V0

From (i) and (ii)

P0V PV 2 7
  0  3P0 ,   1 
V0  V0 f 5

P0V  5  PV
  0  3P0
V0  7  V0

12 P0V 7V
  3P0  V  0
7V0 4

45. Answer (3)

k  273 F  32

100 180
Put k = F = x

x  273 x  32
Ÿ 
100 180
80x = 180 × 273 – 3200
x = 574.25
46. Answer (2)

1  m  3R 
mv 02     T
2  M  2 

Mv 02
 R T 
3

2
 m  R T m  Mv 0  1
 P      
M  V M  3  V

mv 02 2Mv 02
P  
3v 3v

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 103
47. Answer (2)
Vp (Helium) = Vr.m.s. (H2)

2RT1 3RT2
M1 = M2

2T1 3T2
Ÿ M = M
1 2

2T1 3T2
Ÿ =
4 2
Ÿ T1 = 3T2
48. Answer (1)
Let the final temperature of mixture = T °C
From principle of colorimetry,
Heat lost = Heat gained
90 × 80 + 90 × 1 × (T – 0) = 180 × 1 × (40 – T)
Ÿ T = 0°C
49. Answer (4)
PV = nRT
(PV)A < (PV)B
Ÿ TA < TB

nf
But as U = RT, f may be different for different gases. So no conclusion can be made.
2
50. Answer (1)
Omax . T = constant
? [Link] = O.T

T
Ÿ Tc =
2
∵ P v T4
4
P T 
? =  
P T 

P 1
Ÿ =
P 16

P
Ÿ Pc =
16
51. Answer (2)

dL
= D 'T
L

dA
= 2D 'T
A
Ÿ % increase in area = 2 × 2% = 4%

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104 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

52. Answer (3)

Factual
53. Answer (1)
Factual
54. Answer (2)

y   5 
p    0.05    40  cos  –– 
t 2  2 4
= 2.22 m/s
55. Answer (2)

300
  12 m
25
x  16 – 10  6m
2
   x

2
 (6)  
12
56. Answer (1)
The distance R from source to observer is given by using

R
v 
t
Ÿ R = vt (340 m/s) (4.0 s) = 1360 m

 I 
Now, L = 92 dB = 10 log  I 

 0 

I
 10 9.2
I0
Ÿ I = 109.2(10–12)
= 1.58 × 10–3 W/m2

P
Now, I 
4R 2

E
and P 
t
Ÿ E = Pt = I(4SR2)t
Ÿ E = (1.58 × 10–3 W/m2) (4S13602 m2) (0.200 s)
Ÿ E = 7.4 × 103 J
57. Answer (4)

 v –0 
f  f0 x  
 v –  cos  

330
 400 
 4
 330 – 40  5 
 
= 443 Hz

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 105
58. Answer (2)
The tension in the wire is just equal to the weight, as can be seen by considering a free body diagram at one of the
blocks.
T

W
1/ 2 1/ 2
T   50 
The speed of a transverse wave in this wire is then v = v       50 m/s
  0.02 
Tapping the wire induces a standing wave, whose maximum wavelength is O = 2L = 2 × 0.2 = 0.4 m. Lastly, the
v 50
frequency corresponding to this wavelength can be obtained from v = f O or f    125 Hz
 0.4
59. Answer (4)
Factual
60. Answer (1)

300
In first case, fundamental frequency =  100 Hz
3

1 T
100  ...(i)
2 l1 

450
In second case, fundamental frequency   225 Hz
2

1 T
225  ...(ii)
2l 2 
From (i) and (ii)
100 × l1 = 225 × l2

100 4 4  40 160
l2   120   120   cm  53.3 cm
225 9 3 3
61. Answer (2)
y1 = 0.1sin(3t + Sx)
at t = 0, y1 = 0.1sin4Sx
at x = 4.5, y1 = 0.1sin(4S) (4.5) = 0.1sin9(2S) = 0
y2 = 0.2sin(3t – 5Sx)
 5 
at t = 0, y2 = 0.2sin(–5Sx) = 0.2sin   2  2x 
   

 5 
at x = 4.5, y2 = 0sin    (2)( 4.5) = 0.2sin[–11.25(2S)]
 2 

 
= 0.2sin[–0.25(2S)] = 0.2sin    = 0.2sin(–45S) = –0.14
 4
y = y1 + y2 = 0 – 0.14 = –0.14

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106 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

62. Answer (3)

1 T1
f1 
2L 

1 T2
f2 
2L 

 V 3mg
and, T1  mg; T2  mg –  g 
2 2 4

f2 T2 3 3
   
f1 T1 4 2

3
 f2    300   150 3 Hz
2
63. Answer (4)

I  I1  I2  2 I1I2 cos 

 
2
Imax  I1  I2 [I = 0]

Imin  I1  I2  2 I1I2 [I = S]

 
2
Imin  I1  I2

 
2
Imax I1  I2
? 
 I2 
2
Imin I1 

64. Answer (3)

If block - 1 decreases intensity by 10%, block-2 will further cause it to decrease by 10%
Let I be the initial intensity I1 = I × 0.9 = 0.9I0
I2 = 0.9 × I1 = 0.81I
65. Answer (2)

1
For a point source I 
x2

1
Ÿ A Ÿ A = A0x–1
x
66. Answer (2)

0.72 2
u  4 cm/s , k   2 cm1
0.18 3.14

 2 2
k    (4)  8 rad/s
v  3.14

y  A cos  kx – t 

y  4cos  2x – 8t 

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 107

67. Answer (1)

Z = 102 rad/s
U = 0.5 kg/m3
I = 10–9 W/m2

Pmax  2  104 N/m2

I
 Pmax 2 9
 2  104  2
, 10 
2 .v 2  0.5  v
v = 4 × 10–8 × 109 = 40 m/s.

 P m 2  104
Amplitude of wave A   2
 107 m
v 10  0.5  40

 102
k   2.5 m1
V 40
y = A sin (kx + Zt + I)


= 10–7 sin (2.5 x + 100 t + )
2
= 10–7 cos (2.5 x + 100 t )
68. Answer (2)
Factual
69. Answer (2)
Velocity of sound w.r.t. ground = (V + Vw)
? From Doppler’s effect
V  Vw   V0
f = V  V  V f0
 w s

f V  Vw  V0

f0 V  Vw  Vs

70. Answer (1)

P   PV nRT
∵ V  
 m m

? V T
71. Answer (2)

There is no effect of pressure. Now v  T .

v T 1

v T

 1 
Ÿ 340  1  
 546 
= (340 – 0.61) m/s

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108 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

72. Answer (2)

 404 400 
Beat f1  f2    2
 2 2 

   ( A1  A2 )2
2
Imax I1  I2
 [∵ I v A2]
 I2 
2
Imin I1  ( A1  A2 )2

2
43
   49 : 1
43

73. Answer (3)

For a tube closed at one end in its lowest frequency mode, the closed end is a node and the open end is an
1
antinode with no other nodes in between. Therefore the length L of the tube is wavelength.
4
O = 4L
v = 340 m/s
O = 4l = 4 × 0.80 = 3.20 metre

? Frequency f1  340  106 .25 | 106 Hz

3 .2

∵ 1
f 
l
and shorter tube has length 80 cm therefore length of larger tube with lower frequency can be find as
f2 = 106 – 17 = 89 Hz

v 340
?    3.82 metre
f2 89

 3.82
and l    0.955  95 cm
4 4
74. Answer (3)

2
Let y = Asin(Zt – kx), where k 


2
1  y  1 mA 2 2
KE = m   mA 2 2 cos 2 (t  kx )  [1 + cos(2Zt – 2kx)]
2  t  2 4


Now 2K'x =
3

 v 360
Ÿ x   
12 12f 500  12 = 0.06 m = 6 cm

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 109
75. Answer (4)

A v

3
 B
4

v = 90 m/s
Velocity of source along AB

 4  4v
vs = v cos T  v   
 5 5
Velocity of guard along AB

 3  3v
v0 = v sin T  v   
5 5
Apparent frequency
u = speed of sound = 340 m/s

 3v 
 u  v0  v  5 
  0    0  
 u  v   v  4v 
 5 

 340  54   286 
 1800   1800   1921 Hz
 340  72   268 
76. Answer (1)
fB = 512 – 5
= 507 Hz
77. Answer (4)
y = y1 + y2 + y3 = A[sin(kx – Zt) + sin(kx – Zt + I) + sin(kx – Zt + 2I)] = 0
Ÿ sin(kx – Zt) + sin(kx – Zt + I) + sin(kx – Zt + 2I) = 0

  
Ÿ 2sin(kx  t )sin  2sin( kx  t  )sin 2sin(kx  t  2)sin  0
2 2 2

     3 
Ÿ cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t  
 2  2  2  2 

 3   5 
 cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t  0
 2   2 

   5 
Ÿ cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t  
 2  2 

5 
Ÿ  2n 
2 2

2 2 4
?  or or
3 3 3

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110 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

78. Answer (3)

2 
k 
 3
ŸO = 6 cm


 x 
4
= 1.5 cm
79. Answer (1)

RT
v 
M
Maximum J and least molecular mass (or atomic mass) mark the maximum speed.
80. Answer (2)
The power of a wave is proportional to f 2A2. Thus, to have the same power at one-third the frequency, the
amplitude must be tripled (i.e., ACBX/ACBY = 3), since the product of frequency and amplitude must be the same.
81. Answer (1)

P
v  Now, E = JP (adiabatic) and Ec = P (isothermal)


E P
Ÿ v 
E 

82. Answer (1)

Suppose T is the temperature at x distance.

l = 410 m
P dx Q
T1 T2
x x=l
x=0

T2  T1 dx
T  T1  .x , v 
l dt

dx
20 t 
dt

dx
dt 
20 T

t l
dx

 0
dt 

0
20 T2  T1
T1  .x
l

T2  T1 l
T1  x P, dx  dP
l T2  T1

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 111

 l 
dx  T  T  d P l2 P
 
2 1
 
T2  T1 P T2  T1
T1  x
l

2l T T
 T1  2 1 . x
T2  T1 l

l
1 2l  T2  T1 
t .  T1  .x 
20 T2  T1  l 0

l  T2  T1 
t
10 T2  T1   

l

10  T2  T1 
410

10  441  400 

410
 1s
10 21  20 

83. Answer (2)

v
For a tube closed at one end, the fundamental frequency is f1 =  340 m/s  ( 4  0.60 m) = 142 Hz
4L
It can have only odd harmonic e.g. 3 × 142 = 426 Hz, 5 × 142 = 710 Hz etc.
84. Answer (2)

I 
  10log10  2 
 I1 

 10log10 100 
= 10 × 2
= 20
?E2 = 50 + 20
= 70 dB
85. Answer (4)
f1 – f2 = 1 Hz
Also, l1 + l2 = 100, l1 – I2 = 0.2 cm

k k
 1
49.9 50.1
50.1  49.9
Ÿ k 
0 .2
k 50.1
Now, f1    250.5 Hz
49.9 0 .2

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112 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

86. Answer (2)

k = 2S

2
= 2S

87. Answer (3)
Changed frequency perceived by the driver of car,

v  u 
Q c= Q  v – u 
 
where v – speed of sound
u – speed of car
–1
 u u
Qc =  1   1 – 
 v  v 

 u u  2u 
 1   1   1  
 v v  v 

2u 2u 2  10
? Beat frequency = Qc – Q =   = 10 Hz
v  2
88. Answer (2)
Let the string vibrate in nth overtone.

Then L = (n + 1) .
2
L =2m

= 0.4 m
2
Ÿn=4
Ÿ 4th overtone
89. Answer (3)
Beat frequency = 304 – 300 = 4 Hz.
1
Time gap between two successive maxima = s
4
1 1 1
? Time gap between a maximum and immediate minimum =  = s
2 4 8
90. Answer (12)

T 12 11
V = constant
V 12

T 12
= constant
V
12 lnT – lnV = constant

12dT dV

T V
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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 113
91. Answer (1200)
TB = 3TA
Tmax = 4TA
92. Answer (08.86)
1
Net work done =  0.1  0.03  80   103
2
= 2800 J
Heat input = QAB + QBC
= (3600 + 28000) J
= 31600 J
K = 8.86%
93. Answer (0.4)

 PV
1 1  P2V2 
W=  
 2 1 

P2V2  PV
1 1
'U =
 1
94. Answer (27)
3(VB – V0) = (6V0 – VB)

9V0
VB =
4
95. Answer (02.00)

n1  n2 n n
 1  2
 mix  1 1  1  2  1

1 N 1 N
  
19 5 7
1 1 1
13 3 5
ŸN=2
96. Answer (16.00)

A1 3

A2 5

A1  A2 5  3 8
   4
A2 – A1 5 – 3 2

2
I  A  A2 
 max   1   16
Imin  A2 – A1 

97. Answer (25)

2 1 Ai
AT 
1  2

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114 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

2 1 1
AT  Ai  Ai
1  3 1 2

1
PT  Pi
4
98. Answer (45)
  100 cm


  (2m  1)  (2m  1) 25 cm
4
 = 25 cm, 75 cm
' = (70 – 25) cm
= 45 cm
99. Answer (5)

2 6

A  (6  2)2  (3)2

 5 m
100. Answer (54.00)

I 
  10log  
 I0 

I 
   10log  1 
 I2 

r2 
 10log  22 
r 
 1 

2
 40 
 10log  
 2 

 10log 100  4 

 10 log10  log2

= 20 × (1 + 0.3)
= 26
?E2 = 80 – 26
= 54 dB

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 115
101. Answer (192)
f0  96 Hz

V0
 96
2L
V0  2L  96

= 2 × 96 × 1
V0 = 192 ms–1
102. Answer (05.00)


5    200
2

   80 cm
A = Amax sin(kx)

 2 
 5  sin   20 
 80 


 5  sin  
2
= 5 mm
103. Answer (40)
m 10  (m  1) 8
m=4


(4) 
2
  20 cm

  40 cm
104. Answer (60)
O = 200 cm


 4   50 cm
 
105. Answer (2)

1
 1
4
1  41

3 2
 2
2

2 2
2 
3

1 4 1 3 4 1  1
 3   3  1 
2 2  2 1 2 2 2 2

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116 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

106. Answer (02.00)

v v
n1  , n2 
4l 2l

v v

4l 2 2l1

Ÿ l1 = 2l2

l1
2
l2

107. Answer (440)

 v0 
Q' =  0   
 v  30 
= 440 Hz
108. Answer (50)
1st overtone frequency = 100 Hz.
Fundamental frequency = 50 Hz.
109. Answer (60)

340  v 10

340  v 7
17v = 340 × 3
v = 60 m/s
110. Answer (360)

 v  v0 
n' = n0   
 v  v0 
= 360 Hz
111. Answer (2)

1 T
Q=
2 

d  1 dT

 2 T
Beat frequency = 2 Hz.
112. Answer (204)
Beat frequency changes on decreasing tension.
113. Answer (1)

 (l1  e )
4
3
 (l 2  e )
4
3 (l1  e )  (l 2  e )

‰‰‰
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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 117

SECTION - B
1. Answer (1)
CP – CV  R
CP R C R C
–1   P   1 . For a gas having greater degree of freedom, CV is high P is less.
CV CV CV CV CV
2. Answer (4)
In an isothermal process, PV = constant.
3. Answer (3)
T2
K = 1– if T2 = 0K
T1
K=1
4. Answer (4)
'Q = 100 J 'W = 120 J
Ÿ 'U = –20 J
'T < 0. Together W > 0 & 'T < 0 implies that
Pressure decreases.
5. Answer (1)
Statement-1 is based on conservation of energy & first law of thermodynamics is law of conservation of
energy.
6. Answer (2)
7. Answer (1)
Air is a bad conductor of heat. It prevents heat loss from the body.
8. Answer (1)
Q = 'U + W and when ice melts W is negative
So, Q < 'U
9. Answer (4)
Emissive power is not dimensionless. It represents energy radiated in unit time for unit area. Absorptive power
is the fraction of incident radiation absorbed.
10. Answer (1)
Heat is carried away from a fire sideways by conduction which is small as compared to heat flow due to
convection.
11. Answer (2)
Qa Q Q
Total energy Q = Qa + Qr + Qt  1   r  t
Q Q Q
For t = 1, whole of the energy will be transmitted.
12. Answer (1)
Rate of cooling and heating is inversely proportional to the specific heat.
13. Answer (4)
During melting of ice, volume decrease so work done is negative. (Density of ice is less than water). In this
process potential energy increase, and kinetic energy remains same. So, total internal energy increases.
14. Answer (4)
15. Answer (1)
Open pipe has all harmonics but closed pipe has only odd harmonics.
16. Answer (1)
V
Fundamental frequency   increases as temperature is increased.
2
‰‰‰
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118 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I)

SECTION - C
1. Answer (A)
In isothermal process 'U = 0
For A : PV = constant
Ÿ 'U = 0, 'W = positive
Ÿ 'Q = positive

pRT
For B : P   T  constant
m
Ÿ 'U = 0, 'W = –negative, 'Q = negative
And so on.
2. Answer (B)

/2

N N

N N

/2

 2 
Y  A sin  x  cos t
  
Ÿ A = 2a, O = b
Amplitude of travelling wave = a
if a = 4, Ÿ At = 4 cm


If b = 6 cm  3  10 2 m
2

 100  6  102
v    3 m/s
k 2
3. Answer (A)

1 B0
For A, f0 
2L0 0

2
B, fB  f0
3

f0
C, fC 
2

2
D, fD  f0
5

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Success Achiever (Solutions) (Part-I) Waves and Thermodynamics 119
4. Answer (C)
If n = 1
A o B, P1V1 = P2V2
Ÿ VB = 2V0
WA  B  1  R T ln2

T 
 P0  ZV0 

10   2 10 
5 5

R R

2
T 
R
WA o B = 2 ln2
WC oA = 0
WB oC = –P0V0 = –1
Wtotal = (1 – 2 ln2)
5. Answer (D)
Process AB is isobaric and process BC is isochoric. So,

3
U  AB   2  RT0  3RT0
2

3
U  BC   2  R 6T0  18 RT0
2

3
Q  BC   2  R  6T0  18 RT0
2

W  BC   0
6. Answer (B)
7. Answer (A)
8. Answer (C)
9. Answer (A)
10. Answer (C)
‰‰‰

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