ALGEBRA

1. What is the remainder if 13137 is divided by 5?

A. 1.00 C. 3.00
B. 2.00 D. 4.00
Solution:
1 5
13 ÷5=r . 3 13 ÷5=r . 3 137 ÷ 4=r . 1
2 6 1 ,5 , 9 ,13 ,... ,137
13 ÷5=r . 4 13 ÷ 5=r . 4 13 =r .3
3 7
13 ÷5=r . 2 13 ÷ 5=r . 2
4 8
13 ÷ 5=r .1 13 ÷ 5=r . 1

2. Given that f (x)=2 x 8−3 x 7 +5 x 6−x 5+ 7 x 4 +4 x 3 + x 2−x +75. Determine the linear remainder
if f (x) is divided by x 2−2 x+3 .
A. 12x + 11 C. 11x + 11
B. 11x + 12 D. 12x + 12

Solution:
2 -3 5 -1 7 4 1 -1 75
2 0 4 2 2 -4 0 20 42 0
-3 0 0 -6 -3 -3 6 0 -30 -63
2 1 1 -2 0 10 21 11 12 -> r. 11x + 12

Quotient: 2x6 + x5 + x4 - 2x3 + 10x + 21

3. Evaluate x in 312-x (1/9)2x = 27

A. 1.80 C. 3.00
B. 2.00 D. 4.00

Solution:
2x
12−x 1
3 ⋅( ) =27 3
12−x−4 x
=3
3
x=9 /5=1.8
9
12−x 1 12−x−4 x 3
3 ⋅ 3 =3
¿¿
12−x
3 3
4x
=3 −5 x=9
3
4. Evaluate x in 2x + 4x = 8x
A. 0.60 C. 0.80
B. 0.70 D. 0.90

Solution:
x x x 2
2 + 4 =8 y − y −1=0
x
2 +¿ ¿ y1 = -0.618, y2 = 1.618

2 +¿ ¿ ; y=2
x x substitute to get x:
2
y+ y =y
3 x
2 =0 ; x=−∞
3 2
y − y − y=0
x
2 =−0.618 ; x=¿ imaginary
y ( y ¿¿ 2− y−1)=0 ¿ x
2 =1.618 ; x=0.6942
y=0

5. Solve the sum of x and y. x + y2 = 62, x2 + y = 176

A. 12 C. 20
B. 16 D. 24

Solution:
x + y2 = 62 x2 + y = 176
x + 72 = 62 132 + 7 = 176
13 + 49 = 62 169 + 7 =176
x = 13, y = 7 sum: 13 + 7 = 20

6. If the middle term of the expansion of (x3 + 2y2)n is Cx18y12, find the product of C and n.
A. 709,362 C. 709,326
B. 709,623 D. 709,632

Solution:
n(n−1)(n−2) ...(n−r +1) n−r +1 r −1
r th term= a b ❑
(r−1)!
n
th
n(n−1)(n−2) ...(n−r +1) n−r +1 r−1
( + 1) term= a b ❑
2 (r−1)!
n(n−1) ... 18 12
Cx18 y 12= x y ❑
(r−1)!

For n: For r:
 n n
n−( +1)+1 r−1 2 r−1 12
a 2
=(x ) =x 18❑❑3 2 b =( 2 y ) =y
3n
=18 y
2 r−1
=y
12
2 ❑
n=12❑ 2 r−2=12
r =7

Substitute: Product:
12(11)(10)(9)(8)(7) 3 12−7+1
7th term= (x ) (2 y 2 )7−1❑ C ⋅ n=59136 ⋅12=709632
6!
7 term=924 x (64 y ¿¿ 12)¿ = 59136 x 18 y 12
th 18

7. A child in a swing moved on an arc 5m in length, then back three-fifths of this distance and so on
until the swing “stopped”. Find the total distance covered by the child.
A. 10.5 m C. 13.5 m
B. 12.5 m D. 20.5 m

Solution:
n−1
a n=a1 r
n
r −1
Sn=a1
r−1
a1
S= }∨r ∨¿ 1
1−r
5 5
S= = =¿
1−3/5 2 12.5 m
5

8. In a G.P., an = -96, n = 6, and Sn = -63. Find the sum of a1 and r.

A. 10 C. -6
B. - 95 D. 20

Solution:
n
n−1 1−r
a n=a1 r Sn=a1 ⋅
1−r
6
5 1−r
−96=a 1 r Sn=a1 ⋅ substitute 1st equation
1−r
−96 −96 1−r
6
a 1= 5
1st equation −63= 5 ⋅
r r 1−r
 6
32(1−r )
21= 5 6
r −r
6 5 6
−21 r +21 r =32−32r
6 5
11r +21 r −32=0
r =1
a 1=−96 −96+ 1=¿−95

9. The weight of an airplane including cargo varies as the square of the velocity and the cross-
sectional area of the wings. If the velocity is increased by 25% and the cross-sectional area of the
wings decreases by 20%, what percentage of the original weight can be taken in as extra cargo?
A. 10% C. 15%
B. 20% D. 25%

Solution:
W =wt . of plane+ cargo Equation:
W0 Wn
v=velocity =
2
v0 A 0 ¿¿
W0 Wn
A=cross−sectional of wings 2
= 2
v0 A 0 1.25 v 0 A 0
2
Wn
W =k v A W 0=
1.25
W
k= 2
W n =1.25W 0=¿ 25 %
v A

10. There are 99 fruits in a basket consisting of mangoes and santols. If the digits of the number of
santols are reversed and added to the number of mangoes, the sum is 108. If the digits of the
number of mangoes are reversed and subtracted from the number of santols, the difference is 44.
Find the cost of the contents of the basket if santol and mango cost P1.00 and P2.00, respectively.
A. P 156.00 C. P 169.00
B. P 131.00 D. P 184.00

Solution:
M =10 a+ b=32 10 d +c +10 a+b=108
S=10 c+ d=67 90−10 b+9−a+10 a+b=108
a+ c=9 9 a−9 b=9
b+ d=9 a−b=1
d=9−b
c=9−a
 10 c +d−(10 b+ a)=44 2 a=6
90−10 a+ a−b−10 b−a=44 a=3
−11a−11b=−55 b=2
a+ b=5 c=6
d=7

M =P 64
S=P 67
M +S=P 131.00

11. It takes 12 seconds for two joints to pass each other when moving in opposite directions. If they
move in the same direction, the faster train which is 130 m long could completely pass the slower
train which is 120 m long in 3 minutes. Find the rate of the faster train.
A. 9.06 m/s C. 8.23 m/s
B. 10.78 m/s D. 12.48 m/s

Solution:
V s =120 m ; V f =130 m

1st equation: 2nd equation: Substitute 1 to 2:

97
(V s+V f )(12)=250 V f (180)−V s (180)=130 Vf= =¿ 10.78 m/s
9
125 13
V s +V f = V f −V s=
6 18
125
V s= −V f
6

12. A marksman fires a target 420 m away and hears the bullet strike the target 2 seconds after he
pulled the trigger. An observer 525 m away from the target and 455 m away from the marksman
hears the bullet strikes the target 1 second after he hears the report of the rifle. Find the velocity
of the bullet.
A. 350 m/s C. 525 m/s
B. 500 m/s D. 425 m/s

Solution:
V b =bullet ' s velocity=525 m/s
V s =sound velocity=350 m/s
 1st equation: 2nd equation: Substitute 1 to 2:

420 m + 420 m 420 m 525 m 455 m

=2 + = +1 V b =¿ 525 m/s
Vb Vs Vb Vs Vs
420
V b= 420 70
420 + =1 V s =350 m/s
2− Vb Vs
Vs

13. A man and a boy can do in 15 days a piece of work which could be done by 7 men and 9 boys in 2
days. In how many days could one man finish the work alone?
A. 60 C. 30
B. 15 D. 20

Solution:
1
Contribution= ∗t∗no . of workers
x

1st equation: 2nd equation:

1 1 1 1
(15)(1)+ (15)(1)=1 (2)(7)+ (2)(9)=1
x y x y
1 1 1 14 18
+ = + =1
x y 15 x y

x=time ¿ finish with1 man=¿20 days

y=time¿ finishwith 1boy =60 days

14. A typist would require 45 hours to type a certain manuscript. A second typist who takes two
minutes longer per page would require 60 hours. How many pages are there in the manuscript?
A. 450 C. 550
B. 500 D. 600

Solution:
1st typist: 2nd typist:
x=no . of pages xy=2700 x ( y +2)=3600
y=no . of mins/ page 45 hrs=2700 mins 60 hrs=3600 mins

Equate:
 y 2700 3
= = y=6 mins/ page
y+ 2 3600 4
4 y=3 y +6 y +2=8 mins/ page

2700
x= =¿ 450
6
3600
x= =¿ 450
8

15. What time after 2:00 will the hands of the clock be at right angles?
A. 2:27 4/11 C. 2:27 5/11
B. 2:27 3/11 D. 2:27 2/11

Solution:
15 cals=90 °
x
x=10+ +15
12
300
x= =27.277
11
3
x=27 mins
11

16. It is exactly 3:00. In how many seconds will the angle formed by the hour hand and the minute
hand be twice the angle formed by the hour hand and the second hand?
A. 22.1 seconds C. 22.4 seconds
B. 22.7 seconds D. 22.9 seconds

Solution:
11 x
90 (15− )=59 x
720
11 x
1350− =59 x
8
x=22.36 seconds

17. It is between 3 and 4 o'clock. In 10 minutes, the minute hand will be as much after the hour hand
as it is now behind it. What is the time?
A. 3:11 7/11 C. 3:11 6/11
B. 3:11 1/11 D. 3:11 4/11

Solution:
 x
θ1=15+ −x Equate θ1 and θ2:
12
11 x 11 x 11 x 35
θ1=15+ 15− = −
12 12 12 6
x 10 11 125
θ2=x +10−15− − x=
12 12 6 6
11 x 35 125 4
θ2= − x= =3 :11
12 6 11 11

18. At present, the sum of parents’ ages is twice the sum of the children's ages. Five years ago, the
sum of the parents’ ages was four times the sum of the children's ages. Fifteen years, hence, the
sum of the parents’ will be equal to the sum of the children's ages. How many children are there?
A. 5 C. 3
B. 6 D. 4

Solution:
Past Present Future
Parents 2 x−10 2x 2 x+30
Children x−5 n x x +15 n
n=no . of children

1st equation: 2nd equation: Subtract 2nd from 1st:

2 x−10=4 (x−5 n) 2 x+30=x +15 n 5 n=25
x−10 n=−5 x−15 n=−30 n=5

19. Ten years from now the age of a mother will be twice the age of her daughter. Six years ago, the
age of the mother was seven more than three times the age of her daughter. How old is the
daughter presently?
A. 20 C. 32
B. 15 D. 24

Solution:
Before Now After
M x−6 x x +10
D y−6 y y +10

1st equation: 2nd equation:

x +10=2( y+ 10) x−6=7+3 ( y−6)
 x−2 y=10 x−3 y=−5
x=40 y=15

20. Through a mistake in mixing, a 10-liter tank of photographic developer is found to contain only 1
gram per liter of hydroquinone instead of the desired 3 grams per liter. How much of this
developer must be drawn off and replaced with another developer containing 6 grams per liter of
hydroquinone to obtain the desired mixture?
A. 3 C. 4
B. 2 D. 6

Solution:
Equation: Substitute:
g g g g
1 −1 +6 =3 10(1)−x (1)+ x (6)=10(3)
L L L L
10 x x 10 5 x=20
x=4 liters

21. There are 200 students in a certain school. The following data were obtained as to the number of
students enrolled in Mathematics (M), Physics (P), and Chemistry (C):
Subjects Number Enrolled
M 90
P 80
C 55
M&C 16
M&P 32
C&P 23
M, C, & P 8
How many are not taking any of these subjects?
A. 33 C. 50
B. 24 D. 38

Solution:
Not enrolled ¿ 200−(50+24 +8+ 8+ 33+15+24)=¿ 38 students

22. The sum of the squares of the digits of a two-digit number is equal to the number increased by
the product of the digits. If 36 is added to the number, the result is another number whose digits
 are the same as the original number but in reversed position. What is the sum of the digits of the
original number?
A. 10 C. Either A or B
B. 12 D. Both A and B

Solution:
2 digit number=10 t +u Substitute t to 1st equation:
2 2
t +u =10 t+u+ tu 1st equation ¿
2 2
u −8u+ 16+u =10 u−40
36+10 t +u=10 u+t 2 2
2 u −8 u+16=u +7 u−40
2
9 t−9 u=−36 u −15 u+56=0
t−u=−4 Δ u 1=7, u2=8
t=u−4 2nd equation
Substitute u to t:
t 1=u1−4=3 number: 37
t 2=u2−4 number: 48

Sum:
1st number = 3+7 = 10
2nd number = 4+8 = 12

23. The area of a square field exceeds another square by 1,280 m². The perimeter of the larger exceeds
1/2 of the smaller by 128 m. What is the dimension of the smaller field?
A. 48 m x 48 m C. 112/3 m x 112/3 m
B. 32 m x 32 m D. 52 m x 52 m

Solution:
2 2
x − y =1280 1st equation Substitute x to 1st equation:
1
4 x= (4 y )+128 ¿
2
y +64
x= 2nd equation y=10.67
2

Substitute y to x:
10.67+64
x=
2
112
x=
3
 Δ 112 /3 m x 112 /3 m

24. The roots of a quadratic equation are such that the sum is 11/6 and the product is -5/3. If the
quadratic equation has the form ax² - 11x + c = 0, find a.
A. - 10 C. 6
B. - 11 D. 1

Solution:
2
a x +bx +c=0 Substitute values:
−b ∓ √ ❑ −5 c −5 a
r= = Δc=
❑ 3 a 3
c 11 −b −11
r 1 r 2= = Δb=
a 6 a 6
−b
r 1 +r 2= 2
a=6 x −11 x−10=0
a
a=6

25. In solving the quadratic equation x² + px + q = 0, a student miscopied it as x² + qx + p = 0. The

roots he obtained were such that one was two less and the other one more than the original roots.
What is the original quadratic equation?
A. x² + 6x - 5 = 0 C. x² + 6x + 6 = 0
B. x² + 5x - 6 = 0 D. x² + 6x + 5 = 0

Solution:
−r 1−r 2=(r 1−2)(r 2 +1)
−r 1−r 2=r 1 r 2+ r 1−2 r 2−2
r 1 r 2=−2 r 1 +r 2 +2 1st equation

r 1 +r 2−1=−(r 1 r 2 )
r 1 r 2=−r 1 −r 2+ 1 2nd equation

Simplify: Substitute r1 to 1st equation:

−2 r 1 +r 2 +2=−r 1−r 2 +1 (2 r 2 +1)(r 2)=−2(2 r 2+ 1)+r 2 +2
−r 1 +2 r 2=−1 2 r 2 (r 2 +2)=0 Δr 2=−2
r 1=2 r 2 +1 r 1=2 (−2)+1 Δr 1=−3

Original Equation:
 2
x + px +q=0
p=−(r 1 +r 2 )=6
q=r 1 r 2=6
2
Δ x +6 x +6=0

26. Find the sum of the first 100 positive integers exactly divisible by 7.
A. 35,350 C. 53,350
B. 2,053 D. 25,536

Solution:
n
a 1=7 Sn= [2 a1 +(n−1)d ]
2
100
d=7 Sn = ¿
2
n=100 Sn=35,350

27. The first of the three numbers exceeds twice the second number by 4, while the third number is
twice the first. If the sum of the three numbers is 54, find the largest of the three numbers.
A. 6 C. 16
B. 32 D. 34

Solution:
1 st number=2 x+ 4 2 x+ 4+ x + 4 x+ 8=54
2 nd number=x 7 x +12=54
3 rd number=4 x +8 7 x=42
x=6
Δ 1 st number=16
2 nd number=6
3 rd number=32

28. The speed of the plane is 120 mi/hr in a calm. With the wind, it can cover a certain distance in 4
hours, but against the wind it can cover only 3/5 of that distance in the same time. Find the
velocity of the wind.
A. 15 mi/hr C. 30 mi/hr
B. 40 mi/hr D. 20 mi/hr
 Solution:
3
x=speed∈still air D BA = D AB
5
3
y=velocity of the wind 120− y (4 )= (120+ y)(4)
5
600−5 y=360+3 y
x + y=speed w /the wind∨tailwind 8 y=240
x− y =speed against the wind ∨headwind y=30 mph

with wind : D AB=(x+ y)(4)

against wind : D BA=(x− y )(4)

29. A number is divided into two parts such that when the greater part is divided by the smaller, the
quotient is 3 and then remainder is 5. Find the smaller number if the sum of the two numbers is
37.
A. 32 C. 12
B. 16 D. 8

Solution:
37−x 5
1 st=37−x =3+
x x
2 nd=x 37−x=3 x+5
4 x=32
Δ 1 st=29 x=8
2 nd=8 37−x=29

30. The arithmetic mean between two numbers is 3.4 and their geometric mean is 0.4 (42 )0.5. Find
their harmonic mean.
A. 1.5796 C. 1.6957
B. 1.7596 D. 1.9765

Solution:
1 1
+
AP | a 1 , AM , a2 1 a 1 a2
=
HM 2
1 a1 +a 2
GP | a 1 , GM , a2 =
HM 2 a1 a 2
 2 a 1 a 2 a1 a 2 G M 2
HM = = =
HP | a 1 , HM , a2 a1 +a2 a1 +a2 AM
2
1 1 1
A . P.= , , HM =¿ ¿
a1 HM a2
a1 + a2
A . M .= HM =1.9765
2
G . M .= √ ❑

31. If x : y : z = 4 : -3.2 and 2x + 4y - 3z = 20, find x.

A. - 8 C. -4
B. 6 D. 9

Solution:
x y z
= = =k 2(4 k )+4 (−3 k )−3 (2 k )=20
4 −3 2
x=4 k −10 k =20
y=−3 k k =−2
z=2 k

Δ : x =−8 , y=6 , z=−4

32. The excess of the sum of the fourth and the fifth parts over the difference of the half and the third
parts of a number is 119. Find the number.
A. 240 C. 320
B. 420 D. 230

Solution:
x x
S= +
4 5
x x
D= −
2 3
S= D+ 119
x
0.45 x= +119
6
x=420
33. A statistical clerk submitted the following reports. The average rate of production of radios is 1.5
units for every 1.5 hours work by 1.5 workers. How many radios were produced in one month by
30 men working 200 hours during the month?
A. 5,000 C. 4,000
B. 3,800 D. 4,200

Solution:
man x hrs 1.5(1.5)
= =1.5
radios 1.5
30(200)
1.5=
x
x=4000 radios

34. What is the sum and product of the roots of the equation x³ + 2x² + x - 32 = 0?
A. 2 and 32 C. 2 and -32
B. - 2 and - 32 D. - 2 and 32

Solution:
3 2
x +2 x + x−32=0
2
∑ of theroots (−1)= 1
1
∑ of the product of 2 roots at a time= 1
−32
product of all roots (−1)=
1
Δ ∑ of roots=−2
Product of roots=32