IPE QUESTION BANK FROM PREVIOUS YEARS

II YEAR
QUESTION PAPERS
`KUKATPAL LY CE NTRE

SECTION –A (VSQ)
1. Define Antibiotics. Give an example.
A. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth or destroy
microorganisms.
Ex: Penicillins, chloramphenicol, sulphadiazine etc.

2. What are Antacids? Give an example.

A. Antacids: Chemicals that remove the excess acid in the stomach and maintain the pH to normal level are
antacids.
Ex: Omeprazole, Lansoprozole etc.

3. Define Hormone. Given an example.

A. Hormone: Hormone is defined as an “Organic compound synthesised by the ductless glands of the body
and carried by the blood stream to another part of the body for its function.”
Ex: Estradiol, Estrone etc.

4. What is Vulcanization of Rubber?

A. The process of heating the natural rubber with sulphur (or) sulphur compounds at 373-415 K to improve its
properties is called vulcanisation of rubber.

5. Write the formulae for the following compounds.

a) Tetra ammine Copper (II) Sulphate b) Potassium tetra Chloro Platinate.
A. a) Tetra ammine Copper (II) Sulphate
Cu NH   SO
 3 4  4
b) Potassium tetrachloro palatinate
K 2  PtCl4 

6. What is Reimer-Tiemann reaction? Give equation.

A. Reimer-Tiemann reaction: Chloroform in the presence of alkali reacts with phenol to form salicylaldehyde,

C 6 H 5OH  CHCl3  3NaOH  C 6 H 4 OH CHO  3NaCl  3H 2O
Phenol Chloroform Salicylaldehyde
Salicylaldehyde is ortho hydroxyl benzaldehyde
CHO
OH

Salicylaldehyde

7. Name the products A and B formed in the following reactions.

Con.HNO Con.H SO
3 2 4 2 H Ni
C 6 H6    A B
260C
Con.HNO Con.H SO
3 
2 4  C H NO 
2  H Ni
C 6 H6  6 5 2  C 6 H 5NH 2
A. 60C
Nitrobenzene(A) Aniline (B)

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8. Define order of reaction.
A. Order of a reaction: It is the sum of the powers of the concentration terms in the rate equation of the
reaction.

9. Give the composition of Brass.

A. Composition of Brass: 60-80% Cu, 20-40% Zn.

10. What is PHBV? How is it useful to man?

A. PHBV is the poly  -hydroxy butyrate-Co-  -hydroxy-valerate.
It is a copolymer of 3-hydroxy butanoic acid and 3-hydroxy pentanoic acid.
Uses:
It is used in the field of medicine for making capsules
It is used in special packaging
It is used in orthopaedic devices

11. Give the deficiency diseases caused by A, D, E, K Vitamins.

A.
S.NO. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES
1 A Night blindness, Redness in eyes
2 D Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults
3 E Sterility
4 K Blood coaqulation is prevented

12. What are Food preservatives? Give example.

A. Food preservatives: Chemical which are used to enhance the appeal and preservation of the food are
called food preservatives.
Ex: sodium benzoate, salts of propionic and sorbic acids etc.
Anti oxidants are more reactive towards oxygen and retard the action of oxygen so preserve the food.
Ex: BHT, BHA, SO2 , etc.

13. What is Williamson’s Synthesis? Give equation.

A. Ethyl chloride reacts with sodium ethoxide to form diethyl ether. This reaction is called Williamson
synthesis.
C2 H 5Cl  NaOC 2 H 5  C2 H 5OC2 H 5  NaCl

14. Write Hell Volhard Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction with equation.

A. When acetic acid is treated with chlorine in presence of red phosphorus mono, di and trichloro acetic
acids are formed. This reaction is known as HVZ rection.

Cl Cl Cl2
red P Cl2
HOOCH3C Cl 2 CH2COOH
CHCOOH CCl3COOH
(-HCl) Red 'P' (-HCl) Red 'P' (-HCl)
Cl trichloro acetic acid

15. What are the characteristics (a, b, c and  ,  ,  values) in a tetragonal system?
A. Characteristics of tetragonal system: a  b  c ;       90 Ex: SnO
2

16. What is Tetrahedral hole?

A. Tetrahedral hole: A hole formed by three spheres of a layer in contact with each other and another sphere
of next layer of a crystal.
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17. Define Rate of reaction.
A. Rate of reaction: Change in molar concentration of either reactants or products per unit time (sec) unit –
moles lit 1 sec 1 .

18. Give the composition of Nichrome.

A. Composition of Nichrome: It is alloy of Ni(60%), Fe(25%) and Cr(15%)

19. Give any two examples for Semi-synthetic Polymers.

A. Semi-synthetic polymers: Ex: cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate i.e. rayon.

20. Give the sources and deficiency diseases of vitamin E and K.

A. Sources of Vitamin E – wheat, egg yolk ; Vit K – Green vegetables. Deficiency diseases of Vitamin E –
sterility; Vitamin K – Blood co-agulation is prevented.

21. What is Carbylamine test (iso-cyanide test)? Give equation.

0 CHCl
A. 3  Isocyanide ( Bad smell)
Carbylamine reaction: It is used to detect 1 amines. 1A min e 
 OH

Ph  NH  CHCl  KOH  PhNC  KCl  H O ..
2 3 2

22. Explain the action of HI on Diethyl ether ( C H OC H ) in cold and hot conditions.
2 5 2 5
A. Action of HI on diethyl ether:
HI HI
C H OC H 
 C H I  C H OH C H OC H 
 2C H I  H O
2 5 2 5 cold 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 hot 2 5 2

23. Calculate the number of particles present in a fcc crystal structure.

1
A. Number of particles present in fcc unit cell: particles occupy six face centres ( 6   3 ) and one body
2
centre 1  1  1 so total effective number of particles = 4.

24. What are octahedral holes? How are they formed?

A. Octahedral holes: It is the hole in a crystal surrounded by six spheres lying at the vertices of a regular
octahedron.

25. Write the systematic names of the following: a) K  Ag  CN  

 2 

b)  Co NH   Cl3 
3 3

A. K  Ag  CN 2  -potassium dicyano Argentate (I)

  
 
 CO NH Cl  -triamine trichloro cobalt (III).
3 3 3 

26. What are vitamins? Give one example.

A. Vitamins: These are accessory factors which are essential for growth and healthy maintenance of
body. Ex. Vit. A, Vit B-complex Vit C.

27. Define antiseptics. Give examples.

A. Antiseptics: These are chemical substances that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Ex.
Dettol, Bithioniol.

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28. How is paracetamol prepared? Give its equation.
A. Paracetamol: It is parahydroxy acetanilide. It is prepared by the action of AC O / H SO on p-amino
2 2 4
phenol.
Ac2O
H2N OH H3C C NH OH
H2SO4
O
paracetamol

29. What is chloropicrin? How is it formed from chloroform? Give its equation.

A. Chloropicrin: It is nitro chloroform C NO  2  Cl3 . It is obtained by nitration of chloroform with conc. HNO3 ,

CHCl  HNO  C NO
3 3  2  Cl3  H2O .
NaOC H
30. 2 5  ...............
Complete the following reactions: a) C H Cl 
2 5
Na, dry ether
b) C H Cl 
 ...............
2 5
A. Williamson synthesis: Alkyl Halide  sod. alkoxide  ether+sodium halide Ex:
 NaCl
C H Cl  C H ONa 
 C H OC H Wurtz reaction:
2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5
Na ether
alkyl halide  alkane , C H Cl  2Na  Cl  C H   C H (n-butane).
ether 2 5 2 5  NaCl 4 10

31. Define Osmotic Pressure.

A. Osmotic pressure: It is the excess pressure that has to be applied on dil. solution to prevent osmosis when
it is separated from pure solvent by semi permeable membrane.   CST .

32. Write the names of monomers present in Terylene.

A. Terylene: it is a polymer made from monomers i) terepthalic acid ii) ethylene glycol.

O
H2C CH2 
OH
+ COOH COOH H O OC C O CH2 CH2 OH
OH
n

33. How Aspirin is prepared? Give equation.

A. Aspirin: It is antipyretic (Acetyl Salicyclic Acid).
COOH
COOH
+ AC2O
-CH3COH
O C CH3

OH O

Salicylic acid Aspirin

34. What are Hormones? Give two examples.

A. Harmones: Chemicals released into blood stream by ductless glands in body to perform specific
metabolic actions. Ex: Estradiol, Estrone, Insulin.

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35. Define effective Atomic Number. Calculate the EAN of Fe in K  Fe  CN   .
4 6
A. EAN= Z  0.N  2xC.N. i.e. total number of electrons present around central metal ion in a complex.
For K , Fe  CN 6 . EAN of Fe = 26 – 2 – 12 = 36
4

36. Mention the names of the monomers used for preparing the following polymers.
a) Bakelite b) Nylon
A. Bakelite: A polymer of HCHO, Ph  OH ; Nylon: A polymer of caprolactum

37. Give the sources of vitamins A and C and diseases caused by their deficiency.
A. Vitamin A sources – Liver, fish oil, rice polishing deficiency diseases – Night blindness. Vitamin C source:
citrous fruits, disease-scurvy.

38. What are artificial sweetening agents? Give an example.

A. Artificial sweetening agents: chemicals that cause sweetness with zero calorific value. Useful for diabetic
patients. Ex. Sucralose, Aspartame.

39. What are analgesics? Give an example.

A. Analgesics: Pain reducers or pain abolishing chemicals. Ex. Morphine, aspirin, heroin.

40. What is Williamson synthesis?

A. Williamson synthesis: Ref Q. 10, March 2011

41. Mention the Reimer-Tiemann reaction with an equation.

A. Reimer – Tiemann reaction: Reaction of phenol with CHCl  KOH to form salicylaldehyde
3
OH CHO
+ CHCl 3 + KOH

+ NaCl + H2O
OH


42. Calculate EAN of central metal ion in  Co NH

 Cl 
3 4 2 
ion.

2
A. EAN of CO in  CO NH
   Cl 
3 4 2 
= Z  0.N  2  CN  27  3  2  6  36 .

43. Which oxides of Nitrogen are neutral oxides?

A. Neutral oxides of N : N O , NO .
2 2

44. Draw the structure of P O .

4 10
A.
Structure of P O O
4 10
P
O O
O
O P O P O
O O
P
O

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45. What is meant by Frenkel and Schottky defects?
A. Frenkel defect:. It is a point defect due to displacement of atom or ion from its regular position in a crystal.
Ex. AgBr
Schottkey defect: It is a point defect due to missing of equal number of cations, anions from their regular
positions in the crystal. Ex. NaCl

46. What is Doping?

A. Doping: It is the method of adding an impurity to a semi conductor to enhance its conductivity ex. P or B is
used for doping Si.

47. Write the systematic names for the following. a)  Cr H O  6  Cl3 b) K  PtCl 
 2 2 4

 Cr H O  Cl - hexaaquo cobalt (III) chloride; K PtCl -potassium Tetrachloroplatinate (II).

A.

 
2 6  3 2 4

48. Give the deficiency diseases caused by the vitamins A, C, D and K.

A. Vitamin – A – Night blindness; Vitamin – C – Scurvy; Vitamin D – Rickets; Vitamin K – Blood
coagulation is prevented.

49. What is Peptide Linkage? Give an example.

A. Peptide linkage: It is amide linkage (  C NH  ) present in proteins formed from amino acids.
||
O

50. Define Antihistamines. Give an example.

A. AntiHistamines: These are the chemicals which prevent the interaction of histamine with receptors present
on stomach walls. Ex: Ranitidine, Cimetidine.

51. The reactant ‘A’ is reduced to Azobenzene with LiAlH . What is ‘A’? Give equation.
4
A.
NO 2 LiAlH4
+ 8(H) N N

Azobenzene

52. Define “Order” and “Molecularity” of a reaction.

A. Order: It is the sum of the exponents of concentration terms involved in rate equation.
Molecularity: It is the total number of atoms or ions or molecules involved in the rate determining step of a
reaction.

53. What is nitrolim? How is it formed?

A. Nitrolim: A mixture of calcium cyanamide and graphite is called nitrolim.
1000C
CaC  N 
 CaCN  C . It is used to prepare NH by hydrolysis.
2 2  2 3
nitro lim

54. What is super phosphate of lime? Write the equation for the preparation of super phosphate of
lime.
A. Superphosphate of lime: It is a phosphatic fertilizer. It is a mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and
gypsum. Ca
3  PO4 2  2H 2SO4  4H2O  Ca  H 2PO4 2  2  CaSO4  2H2O 
S.P.L.

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55. Give the composition of Nichrome and Brass.
A. Compositions of alloys: Nichrome – 60% Ni, 25% Fe, 15% Cr; Brass-60-84% in 20-40% Zn.

56. Mention the names of the monomers for preparing Bakelite and Teflon.
A. Polymers: Bakelite – Formaldehyde + phenol; Teflon – Tetrafluoro ethylene CF  CF .
2 2

LiAlH P O
57. 4
Complete the following statements: a) CH COOH  4 10 
b) CH COOH 
3 3 
LiAlH P O
A. 4  CH  CH  OH
(a) CH COOH  4 10  CH  C  O  C  CH
(b) 2CH COOH 
3 3 2 3  3 || || 3
E t hanol
O O
Acetic anhydride

58. Explain Antiferromagnetism with suitable examples.

A. Substances like MnO showing anti-feromagnetism having domain structure similar to ferromagnetic
substance, but their domains are oppositely oriented and cancel out each other magnetic moment.

59. Why ionic solids are hard and brittle.

A. In ionic solids the formation of solid compound is due to the arrangements of cations and anions bound by
strong coloumbic force i.e., electro static force. So ionic solids are hard and brittle in nature. These have
high melting and boiling points.

60. What is ppm of a solution?

A. ppm-parts per million: It is a convenient method of expressing concentration when a solute is present in
trace quantities. Parts per million is defined as the
Number of parts of the component
ppm   106
Total no. of parts all components of the solution

61. How is leaching carried out in the case of low grade copper ores?
A. In case of low grade ores of copper, hydrometallurgy technique is used for extraction. Here leaching
process can be done by using acids (or) bacterial. The solution containing Cu 2 is trated with scrap iron
(or) H 2 .

Cuaq2  H 2 g 
 CuS  2 Haq

62. Scandium is transition element. But Zinc is not. Why?

A. Scandium has electronic configuration  Ar  4s 2 3d 1

Zinc has electronic configuration  Ar  4s 2 3d 10

Scandium has one unpaired d-electron where as Zinc has zero unpaired d-electrons so Scandium is
transition element but Zinc is not.

63. How is E0 cell related mathematically to the equilibrium constant Kc of the cell reaction?
A. Relation between E0 cell and equilibrium constant KC of the cell reaction.
0 2.303 RT
Ecell  log KC
nF
n  number of electrons involved
F  Faraday  96500 C mol1
T  Temperature
R  gas constant
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64. How are the polymers classified on the basis of structure?
A. On the basic of structure, polymers are classified into three types:
1) Linear polymers: These contains long and straight chains.
E.g.: PVC, polythene (high density) etc.
2) Branched chain polymers: These contains linear chains having some branches. E.g.: low density
polythene.
3) Cross linked polymers (or) Network polymers: These are usually formed from bi functional and tri
functional monomers an contain strong covalent bond between various linear polymer chains. E.g:
Bakelite, melamine etc..

65. Write the name and structure of one of the common initiators used in free radical polymerization
reaction.
A. One of the common initiator used in free radial – polymerisation reaction is benzoyl peroxide.
Structure:
O O
C O O C

66. How are XeF3 and XeOF4 prepared?

A. XeF6 on hydrolysis produce XeO3
XeF6  3H 2O 
 XeO3  6 HF
Partial hydrolysis of XeF6 gives XeOF4

XeF6  H 2O 
 XeOF4  2 HF

67. Write any two used of argon.

A. Use of Ar :
1) ' Ar ' is used to create inert atmosphere in high temperature net allurgical process
2) ' Ar ' is used in filling electric bulbs

68. Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting point. Comment.
A. Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting point.
Explanation:
i) The stability of a crystal mainly depends upon the magnitude of forces of attraction between the
constituent particles.
ii) As the attractive forces between the constituent particles increases stability of the crystal also increases.
iii) As the stability of crystal increases melting point of solid will be higher.

69. Define the term amorphous.

A. An amorphous (no form) solid is the compound which does not have orderly arrangement of particles. In
amorphous solids the constituent particles, atoms, molecules has short range order only.
E.g.: Glass, rubber, plastics etc

70. What is Ebullioscopic constant?

A. Ebullioscopic constant: The elevation of boiling point observed in one molal solution containing non-volatile
solute is called Ebullioscopic constant (or) molal elevation constant.

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71. Why copper matte is put in silica lined converter?
A. Copper matte contains Cu2 sand Fes. In this mixture FeS is gangue. For removing the gangue, silica
present in the lining of the Bessemer’s converter acts as acidic flux and forms slag.
2FeS  3O2 
 2FeO  2SO2
gangue
FeO  SiO2 
 FeSiO3
Gangue flux Slag

72. What are complex compounds? Give examples.

A. Complex compounds: Transition metal atoms or ions form a large number of compounds in which anions
or neutral groups are bound to metal atom or ion through co-ordinate covalent bonds. Such compounds
are called co-ordination compounds (or) complex compounds.
4 3
Eg :  Fe CN 6 
  , Co NH 3 6 

73. Define molar conductivity m  and how it is related to conductivity (k)?
A. Molar conductivity: The conductivity of a volume of solution containing one gram molecular weight of the
electrolyte placed between two parallel electrodes separated by a distance of unit length of 1 meter is
called molar conductivity m  .

Relation between conductivity and molar conductivity : m  ;  c  constant
c

74. Is  NH  CHR  CO n a homopolymer or a copolymer?

A.  NH  CHR  CO n is a homopolymer. It is formed by the polymerisation of single monomer   amino

acid  NH 2  CHR  COOH 

75. Give the structure of nylon 2-nylon -6

A. Nylon 2- Nylon 6:
NH 2
It is an alternating polyamide copolymer of glycine | and amino carpoic acid
CH 2  COOH 
 H 2C  CH 2 5  COOH  . It is a biodegradable polymer.
Structure of Nylon 2-Nylon-6
NH  CH 2  C  NH  CH 2 5  C n
|| ||
O O

76. PCl3 can act as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent. Justify.

A. PCl3 acts as reducing agent. It is evidented by the following reaction.
PCl3  Cl2 
 PCl5
3 5

PCl3 acts as oxidising agent. It is evidented by the following reaction.

H
2 PCl3 vapour  
2 P2Cl4
(3) (2)

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77. How is nitrogen prepared in the laboratory? Write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.
A. Preparation of di Nitrogen:
 Very pure nitrogen is obtained by the thermal decomposition of sodium (or) barium a-zide
Ba N 3 2  Ba  3N 2
 In the laboratory dinitrogen is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of NH 4Cl with NaNO2
NH 4Cl aq  NaNO2aq  N 2 g  2 H 2O1  NaClaq
 
 Nitrogen can also be obtained by the thermal decomposition of ammonium dichromate

NH 4 3 Cr2O7   N 2  4 H 2 O  Cr2 O3

78. How do you distinguish between hexagonal close-packing and cubic close packing structures.
A. Hexagonal close packing: The spheres of the 3rd layer are exactly aligned with those of first layer. This
nd
pattern is repeated in alternate layers. Tetrahedral voids of the 2 layer may be covered by the spheres of
rd
3 layer. This structure is called hexagonal close packed (hcp) structure.
Cubic close packing: The spheres of 3rd layer cover the octahedral voids of 2nd layer. But the spheres of 4th
layers are aligned with those of first layer. This structure is called cubic close packing.

79. Classify the following solids as ionic, metallic, molecular, covalent network (i) Si (ii) I 2 (iii) P4
(iv) Rb
A. (i) Si - Covalent network solid
(ii) I 2 - Molecular solid with covalent bonds
(iii) P4 - Molecular solid with covalent bonds
(iv) Rb - Metallic solid

80. Given an example of a solid solution in which the solution is solid.

A. Example of a solid solution in which the solute is solid, is copper dissolved in gold.

81. Describe a method for refining of nickel.

A. Mond’s process:
 In Mond’s process, nickel is heated in a stream of carbon monoxide forming a volatile complex,
nickel tetra carbonyl.
330350 K
Ni  4CO   Ni CO 
 4

 Nickel tetra carbonyl is strongly heated to decompose and gives the pure Nickel
450470 K
Ni CO4   Ni  4CO

82. Give two reactions in which transition metals (or) their compounds acts as catalysis.
A. (1) V2O5 is used as catalyst in manufacturing of SO3 from SO2
V2 O5
2SO2  O2 
 
 2SO3 g 
g g
(2) Fe is used as catalyst in manufacturing of NH 3
FeS
N2  3H 2 
 2 NH 3 g
 g  g

83. Write the Nernst equation for the EMF of the cell.
NiS |Niaq2 ||Agaq |Ag

A. Given cell is Nis |Ni2aq||Agaq | Ag

 
RT  Ag 
Nernst equation for the cell is Ecell  Ecell
0
 ln
nF  Ni 2
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84. What are thermosetting, thermo plastic polymers? Give examples.
A. Thermo setting polymers: These polymers are cross linked (or) heavily branched molecules which on
heating undergo extensive cross linking in moulds and again become infusible.
E.g: Bakelite, urea – formaldehyde resin etc…..
Thermoplastic polymers: These are the linear (or) slightly branched long chain molecules capable of
softening on heating and hardening or cooling. E.g. : Polystyrene, polythene.

85. How can you differentiate between addition and condensation polymerisation?
A.
Addition polymerisation Condensation polymerisation
1) Monomers used are unsaturated compounds 1) Monomers are bifunctional compounds
2) Polymer formation takes place without loss of 2) Polymer formation takes place with loss of
atoms (or) groups atoms (or) groups like NH 3 , H 2 O etc.

3) It is chain growth polymerisation 3) It is step growth polymerisation

4) These polymers are called addition (or) chain 4) These are called condensed polymers
(or) vinyl polymers

86. A mixture of Ca3 P2 and CaC 2 is used in making Holme’s signal. Explain
A. A mixture of Ca3 P2 and CaC 2 is used in Holme’s signal. This mixture containing containers are pierced
and thrown in the sea, when the gas is evolved burn and serve as a signal.
The spontaneous combustion of PH 3 is the technical use of Holme’s signal.

87. Give one example each of normal oxide and mixed oxide of nitrogen.
A.  Nitric oxide NO is an example of normal oxide of Nitrogen.
 Dinitrogen trioxide N 2 O3  is an example of mixed oxide of nitrogen.

88. What are Copolymers? Give examples.

A. Copolymers: A polymer which is formed by the polymerisation of two (or) more chemically different types of
monomer units is called copolymer.
Ex: Butadiene – Styrene polymer (Buma-S)

89. Write any one method of preparation of Glucose. Write the equation.
A. Preparation of glucose:
From Sucrose: Sucrose when boiled with dil.HCl in alcoholic solution then glucose, fructose are obtained
in equal portions.

C12 H 22O11  H 2O 
H
C 6 H 12 O6  C 6 H 12O6
sucrose glucose fructose

90. Scandium is a transition element, but Zinc is not. Why?

A. Scandium has electronic configuration  Ar  4s2 3d 1

Zinc has electronic configuration  Ar  4s 3d

2 10

Scandium has one unpaired d-electron where as Zinc has zero unpaired d-electrons. So, scandium is
transition element, but Zinc is not.

91. What is galvanic cell? Give one example.

A. Galvanic cell: A device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy by the use of spontaneous
redox reaction is called Galvanic cell (or) voltaic cell. Ex: Daniell cell.

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92. Why H 2O is a liquid while H 2 S is a gas?
A. H 2O is liquid due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. While H 2 S is gas because it is not
having such type of bonding.

93. State the role of silica in the metallurgy of copper.

A. The role o silica in the metallurgy of copper is to acts as an acidic flux. Silica reacts with the impurities of
iron and form slag.
FeO  SiO2  FeSiO3
Gangue flux Slag

94. Nitrogen molecule is highly stable. Why?

A. Nitrogen molecule is more stable because in between two nitrogen atoms of N 2 , a triple bond is present.
To break this triple bond high energy is required (941.4KJ/mole).

95. What are Enantiomers?

A. Enantiomers: The stereo isomers related to each other as non-superimposable mirror images are called
enantiomers.
These have identical physical properties like melting point, boiling points, refractive index etc.
They differ in rotation of plane polarised light.

96. Which compound will react faster in SN 2 reaction with - OH  ? CH 3 Br or CH 3 I .

A. CH 3  I reacts faster in SN 2 - reaction with OH than CH 3  Br .
Reason: The bond dissociation enthalpy of C  I bond (234 KJ/mole) is less than that of Br bond (293
KJ/mole).

97. Calculate the mole fraction x  of 98% of H 2 SO4 by mass.

A. Given a solution containing 98% H 2 SO4 by mass.
It means 98 gms of H 2 SO4 and 2 gms of H 2O mixed to form a solution.
Weight 2 1
nH 2 O   
GMW 18 9
Weight 98
nH2 SO4   1
GMW 98
nH 2 SO4 1 9
Mole fraction of H 2 SO4 , X H 2 SO4     0.9
nH2 O  nH2SO4 1 9  1 10

98. State Raoult’s law.

A. i) Raoult’s law for volatile solute: For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each
component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in solution.
ii) Raoult’s law for non-volatile solute: The relative lowering of vapour pressure of dilute solution containing
non-volatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of solute.

99. Give two examples of gaseous first-order reactions.

A. The following are the examples for gaseous first order reactions.
1
N 2 O5 g  N 2O4 g  O2 g
2
SO2Cl2 g  SO2 g  Cl2 g

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100. Give the composition of the following:
a) German Silver b) Brass
A. a) Composition of German silver:
50-60% Cu, 10-30% Ni, 20-30% Zn
b) Composition of Brass:
60-80% Cu, 20-40% Zn

101. Ammonia is a good complexing agent. Explain with an example.

A. NH 3 is a Lewis base and it donates electron pair to form dative bond with metal ions. This results in the
formation of complex compound.
2
Ex: Cuaq  4NH 3aq  Cu NH 3 4 
2
  aq
blue deep blue

102. Write the reactions of F2 and Cl2 with water.

A. Fluorine produces O2 and O3 on passing through water.
3F2  3 H 2 O  6 HF  O3
2F2  2 H 2 O  4 HF  O2
Chlorine dissolves in water giving a solution of chlorine water. A freshly prepared solution of chlorine water
contains HCl and HOCl .
Cl2  H 2O  HCl  HOCl
HOCl is unstable and dissociates to give nascent oxygen.
HOCl  HCl  O 

103. CuSO4 .5 H 2 O is blue in colour whereas anhydrous CuSO4 is colourless. Why?

A. CuSO4 .5 H 2 O is blue in colour whereas anhydrous CuSO4 is colourless because in the absence of
ligand, crystal field splitting does not occurs.

104. What is the difference between a soap and a synthetic detergent?

A. 1) Generally soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids.
2) synthetic detergents are cleansing agents having all the properties of soaps and do not contain any
soap
3) soaps do not work in hard water but synthetic detergents can be used both in soft and hard water as tey
give foam even in hard water. Some of the detergents give foam even in ice cold water.

105. What are antacids? Give an example.

A. Antacids: Chemicals that remove the excess of acid in the stomach and maintain the pH to normal level
are antacids.
Ex: Omeprazole.

106. Compare the acidic strength of acetic acid, chloro acetic acid, benzoic acid and phenol.
A. Benzoic acid > Chloro acetic acid > Acetic acid > Phenol
C 6 H5 COOH ClCH2 COOH CH3 COOH  C 6 H 5 OH 

107. How do you carry out the following conversion?

Aniline to p-Bromo aniline.
A. Conversion of Aniline to p – bromo aniline

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 NH2 NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3 NH2

(CH3CO)2O Br2/CH3COOH H2O/OH-

Br Br
Aniline Acetanilide P - bromo anilide P - bromo aniline

108. What are Schottky defects in crystalline solids?

A. Schottky defect:
1) “It is a point defect in which an atom or ion is missing from its normal site in the lattice”.
2) In order to maintain electrical neutrality, the number of missing cations and anions are equal.
3) This sort of defect occurs mainly in highly ionic compounds, where cationic and anionic sizes are similar.
In such compounds the coordination number in high.
Ex: NaCl , CsCl , etcUY
4) Illustration:

V acancy
B
A B A A

B A B A B
A B A B A

B B A B
A
V acancy
5) This effect decreases the density of the substance.

109. Calculate the ‘spin only’ magnetic moment of Fe 2  aq  ion.

A. Fe2 ion has electronic configuration  Ar  4s0 3d 6

It has four unpaired electrons n  4
Spin only magnetic moment   n n  2BM  4  4  2  24 BM  4.9BM

110. Calculate the mole fraction of sodium hydroxide in 10% ww NaOH solution.
 w 
10% 
A.
 w  NaOH solution means
10 gms of NaOH in 90 gms of water
10 1 90
n1   ; n2  5
40 4 18
n1 0.25 0.25
X1     0.048
n1  n2 0.25  5 5.25

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111. How is change in Gibbs energy G related to the emf E of a galvanic cell?
A. Relation between Gibb’s energy (G) and emf (E) mathematically
G 0  nFEcell
G  change in Gibb’s energy
n  number of electrons involved
F  Faraday= 96500C mol1

112. What is the role of cryolite in the extraction o aluminium.

A. By adding the cryolite to the pure Alumina, the melting point of pure Alumina is lowered (which is very high
2324K) and electrical conductivity of pure alumina is increased.

113. How do you distinguish between crystal lattice and unit cell?
A. Crystal lattice: A regular arrangement of the constituent particles of a crystal in the three dimensional
space is called crystal lattice.
Unit cell: The simple unit of crystal lattice which when repeated again and again gives the entire crystal of
a given substance called unit cell.

114. What is PHBV? How is it useful to man?

A. Poly  -hydroxy butyrate-CO-  -hydroxy Valerate (PHBV): It is a copolymer of 3-hydroxy butanoic acid and
3-hydroxy pentanoic acid.

n - H3C CH CH2 COOH n + H3C CH2 CH CH2 COOH

OH OH

CH COO CH CH2 COO

CH3 CH2

CH3
n
Polymer
Properties and uses: The properties of PHBV vary according to the ratio of both the acids, 3-hydroxy
butanoic acid provides stiffness and 3-hydroxy pentanoic acid imparts flexibility to copolymer.
It is used in medicine for making capsules.
PHBV also undergoes degradation by bacteria.

115. Write the names and structures of the monomers of the following polymers.
a) Bakelite and b) Nylon 6,6
A. a) Bakelite:
Monomers:
OH
Phenol, Formaldehyde

HCHO

b) Nylon 6,6:
Monomers: Hexa methylene diamine

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 H2N CH2 NH2
6
Adipic acid
HOOC CH4
4 COOH

116. Write the possible chain isomers of the compound having molecular formula C 4 H 9 Br .
A. Compound having molecular formula C 4 H 9 Br has five isomers.
Structure Name
i) CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  Br - 1-Bromobutane

ii) CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 3 - 2-Bromobutane
|
Br (d and l - forms exist)

iii) CH3 - 1-Bromo-2-methyl propane

|
CH 3  CH  CH 2  Br
iv) CH3 - 2-Bromo 2-methyl propane (t-butyl bromide)
|
CH 3  C  Br 
|
CH3

117. How is ethane converted to bromoethane?

A. Conversion of Ethane to Bromo Ethane.
CH 3  CH 3  Br2 
Sunlight
CH 3  CH 2  Br  HBr
Ethane Bromo Ethane

118. What is tailing of mercury. Explain?

A. Mercury loses it’s lustreness, meniscus and consequently sticks to the walls of glass vessel when it reacts
with ozone. This phenomenon is called tailing of mercury.
2Hg  O3  Hg2 O  O2
It is removed by shaking it with water which dissolves Hg2 O .

SECTION –B (SQ)
1. Derive Bragg’s equation.
2. Write Faraday’s First Law.
3. How are Emulsions classified? Give examples.
4. Explain the following: a) Calcination b) Smelting
5. How is Super phosphate of Lime prepared? Sketch the diagram.
6. Give the Werner structures for the following complex compounds.
a) COCl3 .6 NH 3 b) COCl3 .5NH 3 c) COCl3 .4 NH 3 d) COCl3 .3NH 3

7. Define Molality. How many grams of Na2CO3 should be dissolved in 250 grams of water to prepare 0.1 m
solution?
8. What is Doping? What are n-type and p-type semiconductors?
9. Give Nernst equation.
Calculate the electrode potential of the following single electrode.


Cu C  0.01 M  /Cu ; E0  0.337V
 aq  
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10. What is emulsion? How are emulsions classified? Give examples.
11. Write short notes on the following: a) Roasting b) Calcination
12. Write balanced equations for the formation of NCl3 and PCl3 . Give equations for hydrolysis reactions of
NCl3 and PCl3
13. State Faraday’s laws of Electrolysis.
14. (a) What is Tyndall effect? (b) What is Brownian movement?
15. How is Bauxite purified by Serpeck’s process?
16. Write the structures of all the oxyacids of Cl .
2
17. Define the following. Give one example for each. (a) Analgesics (b) Antiseptics.

W
18. Define Molarity. Calculate the Molarity of 10.6%   Na 2 CO3 solution.
V
19. Write any four differences between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.
20. Draw a neat diagram of a blast furnace and label it neatly.
21. Write the important postulates of Werner’s theory of complex compounds.
22. Explain the preparation of NH by Cyanamide process.
3
23. Explain Froth Floatation process.
24. Mention the dispersed phase and dispersion medium of the following colloids.
a) Milk b) Cloud
25. Explain the Cannizao reaction and Wolff-Kishner reduction. Write equations.
26. A current of 0.965 amp. is passed through an aqueous solution of AgNO for 10 minutes during
3
electrolysis.
Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at the cathode. (Atomic weight of Ag = 108).
27. State Raoult’s law. Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing 10 grams of a nonvolatile
solute in 80 grams of ethanol at 298K. Given the molecular weight of the solute as 120 and the vapour
pressure of alcohol at 298K is 22.45 mm.
28. State Faraday’s second law of electrolysis. What is the ratio of weights of Ag and Al deposited at the
respective cathodes when the same current is passed for the same period through aqueous AgNO and
3
Al SO
2  4 3  solutions?

29. What are the main postulates of the collision theory of reaction rate?
30. What is catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give an example for each.
31. Explain the extraction of silver from silver glance.
32. What is Colligative property? Give any three examples.
33. What is Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysis? Give an example for each.
34. A current of 10 amp. is passed through molten AlCl for 96.5 seconds. Calculate the mass of Al
3
deposited at cathode. (At. wt. of Al  27 )
35. Explain any two characteristic properties of Transition elements.
36. State Faraday’s first law. A current of 0.25 amp is passed through a CuSO solution for 45 minutes.
4
Calculate the mass of copper deposited on the cathode. (At. wt. of Cu  63.6 ).
37. Define EAN. Calculate the EAN of the following metals in their respective complexes.

a)  CO NH
    Cl
3 6  3
b) K  Fe  CN  
4 6

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38. Give the sources and deficiency diseases of the following vitamins.
a) A b) D c) E d) K
39. Define mass percentage. A solution is obtained by mixing 300g of 25% solution and 400g of 40% solution
by mass. Calculate the mass percentage of the resulting solution.
40. Discuss the mechanism involved in adsorption of heterogenous catalysis.
41. Why is the extraction of copper form pyrites more difficult than that from its oxide ore through
reduction?
42. Arylhalides are extremely less reactive towards Nucleophilic substitution reactions. Explain.
43. Why do the transition metal ions exhibit characteristic colours in aqueous solution Explain giving
examples.
44. Explain the role of sucrose in its hydrolysis.
45. Explain the drug – enzyme interaction.
46. How will you convert
i) benzene into aniline? Ii) benzene into N, N-dimethyllaniline

47. Define molality. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6g. of ethylene glycol C 2 H 6O2  and 200g.
of water (solvent). Calculate the molality of the solution.
48. Describe the purification of colloidal solutions by the phenomenon of dialysis with a neat diagram.
49. What is the role of graphite rod in the electrometallurgy of aluminium?
50. Write the mechanism of dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane.

51. Use Hund’s rule to derive the electronic configuration of ce3 ion and calculate its magnetic moment on
the basis of ‘spin-only’ formula.
52. Why are cinetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogen carbonate (or) aluminium
hydroxide?
53. Convert: (i) 3-methyl aniline into 3-nitrotoluene
(ii) aniline into 1, 3, 5 – tribromobenzene
54. State Raoult’s law. An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the
normal boiling point of solvent. What is the molecular mass of the solute?
55. Name any four examples of preparation of colloids chemical methods with necessary chemical
equations.
56. Copper cannot be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not Zinc. Explain.
57. Write the mechanism of the following reaction.
EtOH
n-Butyl bromide + KCN   n-butyl cyanide
H O 2

58. What are homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes? Give one example for each.
59. Explain the structures of DNA and RNA.
60. How do antiseptics differ from disinfeactants?
61. Write the mechanism of Hoffmann bromamide reaction.
62. Derive Bragg’s equation.
63. What is Catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give one example for each type.
64. Write any ores with formulae of the following metals.
a) Aluminium b) Zinc c) Iron d) Copper
65. a) What do you mean by essential amino acids? Give two examples of non-essential amino acids.
66. b) What are monomers? Give examples.
67. Define and give examples for the following:
a) Antacids b) Antihistamines
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68. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 gr. mol1 ) which should be dissolved in 114 gr
octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
69. Write IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:

a) Co NH 3 6  Cl3 b) K 3 Fe CN 6  c) K 2  PdCl4  d) Fe4  Fe CN 6 

  3

70. How do you prepare Ethyl cyanide and Ethyl isocyanide from a common alkyl halide?
71. Define mole fraction. A solution of sucrose in water is labelled as 20% w/w. What would be the mole
fraction of each component in the solution?
72. What is catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give two examples for each type of catalysis?
73. Explain the following:
a) Roasting b) Calcination
74. Explain Werner’s theory of coordinate compounds with suitable examples.
75. a) What is polymerization? Give an example of a polymerization reaction.
b) Write the names and structures of monomers used for getting the following polymers.
i) Teflon ii) Bakelite
76. What are hormones? Give an example for each of the following:
a) Steroid hormones b) Polypeptide hormones c) Amino acid derivatives

77. Explain SN 1 and SN 2 reactions.

78. State Raoult’s law. Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing 9g of glucose in 162g of water at
293 K. The vapour pressure of water at 293K is 17.535 mm Hg.
79. What is catalysis? What are the types of catalysis? Give one example for each type.
80. Differentiate roasting and calcinations with examples.
81. Explain the structures of XeF4 and XeOF4 .

82. Explain Werner’s theory of coordination compounds with suitable examples.

83. Give the sources of the following vitamins and name the diseases caused by their deficiency
(a) A (b) D (c) E (d) K.
84. Write short notes on (a) Analgesics and (b) Food preservatives.
85. Explain (a) Sandmeyer reaction and (b) Carbylamine reaction.

SECTION C (EQ)
1. a) Explain the preparation of Ethyl alcohol from molasses.
b) How Ethyl alcohol reacts with
i) Na Metal ii) CH 3COOH iii) H 2SO4 ,170C d) CH 3 MgI

2. a) Give the reactions of ozone with the following and give equations.
i) PbS ii) SnCl2 HCl iii) moist KI d) BaO2

3. (a) How is Ozone prepared in Brodie’s method?

(b) Write balanced equations for the reaction of H O with
2

(i) P O (ii) P O (iii) PCl (iv) PCl

4 6 4 10 3 5
4. (a) Write any two methods of preparation of Acetic acid.
(b) Give the reactions of Acetic acid with the following:
(i) Na metal (ii) C H OH (iii) Cl , red P (iv) NH
2 5 2 3

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5. Write any two methods of the preparation of aniline.
What happens when aniline is treated with the following? Give equations.
i) HCl ii) CH COCl iii) CHCl  Alc.KOH iv) NaNO  HCl
3 3 2
6. a) Explain the preparation of Chlorine by Nelson Cell method?
b) Write any two oxidation and any two reduction properties of Ozone. Give equations.
7. How Nitro Benzene is prepared? How does it reduce in presence of the following? Give equations.
a) Zn  HCl b) Zn  KOH c) Zn  NH Cl d) LiAlH
4 4
8. Write the preparation of Nitrobenzene and explain the reduction reactions of Nitrobenzene.
9. a) How does ozone react with the following?
i) Hg ii) CH  CH iii) SO iv) KI  H O
2 2
10. a) Give the reactions of Ozone with the following and give equations.
i) SO ii) PbS iii) BaO iv) Hg
2 2
11. Define Rate of reaction. Explain the factors which influence Rate of reaction.
12. Explain the preparation of Ethyl alcohol from molasses. What happens when Ethyl alcohol is treated with –
a) CH MgI b) PCl c) Conc. H SO at 140C d) CH COOH
3 5 2 4 3
13. a) How is ozone prepared in the Siemen’s method?
14. Write any two methods of the preparation of aniline. Give the reaction of aniline with the following:
i) CH X ii) CH COCl iii) CHCl  Alc.KOH iv) NaNO  HCl
3 3 3 2
15. a) Explain with a suitable example the relation between the Gibbs energy of chemical reaction (G) and the
functioning of the electrochemical cell.
b) What is half life. Calculate the half life of first order reaction whose rate constant is 200 S–1
16. a) How is ClF3 prepared? How does it react with water? Explain its structure.

b) Why conc H 2 SO4 , P4O10 and anhydrous CaCl2 cannot be used to dry ammonia?

17. a) Describe the following:

i) Cross aldol condensation ii) Decarbonylation
b) Explain why O-nitrophenol more acidic than O-methoxyl phenol
18. a) What are the products obtained at the cathode and anode during the electrolysis of the following when
platinum electrodes are used in the electrolysis. a) Molten KCl b) Aq. CuSO4 solution c) Aq.K 2 SO4

b) Explain the terms (a) activation energy a  (b) Collision frequency  z

19. a) How is ozone prepared? How does it react with the following?
a) PbS b) KI c) Hg Cl Ag

b) Write a note on inter halogen compounds. Give some examples to illustrate the definition. How are they
classified?
20. a) (i) Kolbe’s reaction (ii) Williamsons’s synthesis. With a suitable example write equations for the
following.
21. a) What is Electrolysis? Give Faraday’s first law of electrolysis.
b) Derive the integrated rate equation for a zero order reaction.
22. a) How is chlorine obtained in the laboratory? How does it reacts with
(i) cold.dil.NaOH (ii) Excess NH3 (iii) KI
b) How does SO2 reacts with (i) Na2 SO3 (ii) Cl2 ?
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23. a) (i) Cannizaro reaction (ii) Decarboxylation
b) Ethanol with H 2 SO4 at 443K forms Ethene while at 413 K it forms Ehoxy Ethane. Explain.
24. Give a detailed account of the collision theory of reaction rates of bimolecular gaseous reaction.
25. a) Write balanced equation for the following:
i) NaCl is heated with conc. H 2 SO4 in presence of MnO2 .

ii) Cl2 is passed into NaI solution in water.

b) How are XeO3 and XeOF4 prepared? Give their structures.

26. a) Write the products formed by the reduction and oxidation of phenol.
b) Write structures of the following compounds whose IUPAC names are:
i) 2-methyl butan-ol ii) 2, 3-di ethyl phenol
iii) 1-ethxy propane iv) Cyclo hexyl methanol
27. a) How does ozone react with the following?
i) C 2 H 4 ii) Moist KI iii) Hg iv) Ag

b) How are XeF2 and XeF4 prepared? Give their structures.

28. a) State Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. A solution of CuSO4 is electrolysed for 10 minutes with a current
of 1.5 amperes. What is the mass of copper deposited at the cathode?
b) What is molecularity of a reaction? How is it different from the order of a reaction? Name one
bimolecular and one trimolecular gaseous reaction.
29. a) Write any two methods of preparation of phenol. Give their corresponding equations.
b) Explain the following reactions:
i) Diazotization ii) Carbylamine reaction
30. (a) State and explain Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.
(b) What is order of a reaction? How is it different from the molecularity of a reaction? Give one example
each for first order and second order reactions.
31. (a) How is ozone prepared? How does ozone react with
(i) PbS (ii) Moist KI (iii) Kg and (iv) Hg. Give equations.
(b) Write the balanced equations for the following.
(i) NaCl is heated with conc. H 2 SO4 in the presence of MnO2

(ii) Chlorine is passed into a solution of NaI in water.

32. a) Explain (i) Cannizaro reaction and (ii) Decarboxylation.
b) Explain the acidic nature of phenols and compare it with that of alcohols.

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