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DOMESTIC COLD WATER Hydropneumatic Pressure Boosting Hydropneumatic Pressure Boosting System
System using Bladder Type Pressure Tank:
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
What are the General Types of Water
Distribution System?

1. Upfeed Distribution System

a. Direct Pressure
b. Hydropneumatic Pressure System or
Pneumatic Air-Pressure system Bladder type Pressure Tank
2. Downfeed Distribution System
a. Gravity Tank

Direct Pressure System

Downfeed Water Distribution System

This is a pumping system that provide water

within pre-set flow and pressure ratings,
automatically on demand giving all the
advantages of city water supply.

This system contains 3 basic elements:

1. A Pump (of any type or manufacture)
2. A Pressure Sensing Electric Switch
3. A Pressure Vessel (Pressure Tank) which
contains an elastic medium.
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House Distribution Layout: Fixture Supply WATER STORAGE TANK Stainless Steel Grade 304 Water Storage
Tanks
What are the requirements for Water Supply
Tank Design and Construction?
1. Tanks should be designed and
constructed so as to be:
a. Watertight
b. vermin-proof (rat proof)
c. corrosion proof
d. capable of withstanding the
pressure under which they are
to be operated and
e. provided with safe and easy
means of access for inspection.

Types of Tanks
Polyethylene Water Storage Tanks: For Hard
water, deep well system, cisterns & other
fluids.
Shower Fixture Supply Connections:

Stainless Steel Grade 304 Modular Water

Storage Tank: 100,000 to 1 million liter
Capacity
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PIPES AND FITTINGS FOR WATER SUPPLY

AND DISTRIBUTION

What are the materials for Mains, Risers and

Branches?
The materials for Mains, Risers and
Branches are:
1. Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Pipes and Fittings,
Schedule 40
2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipes and
Fittings, Schedule 40
3. Polypropylene (PPR) Pipes and Fittings,
PN 10 or PN 20
4. Polybutylene (PB) Pipes What are the Types of G.I. Pipe Fittings?
5. Polyethylene (PE) Pipes 1. Nipple
6. Copper Pipes and Fittings
a. short nipple
a. Type K
b. long nipple
b. Type L
c. Type M c. close nipple
2. Couple
Galvanized Iron Pipes and Fittings (Schedule 3. Elbow
40) ASTM A53 a. reducing elbow
b. street elbow
"Galvanized" refers to a metal plating process 4. Tee
that coated iron or steel water pipe surfaces 5. Reducer
with a corrosion-resistant zinc surface. 6. Bushing
7. Plug
8. Cap
9. Union
a. thread piece
b. center piece
c. shoulder piece
10. Flange
11. Extension Piece

Galvanized steel supply pipes are typically 1/2-

inch diameter with a length of 20 feet (6 meters).
The connections are threaded. When the pipe
corrodes, the rust accumulation inside the pipe
chokes down the diameter of the pipe, resulting
in poor water pressure.
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G.I. Pipe Screw Joint Process

PVC Pipe and Fittings (Sch. 40)

Polyvinyl chloride, commonly abbreviated PVC,
is the third-most widely produced plastic
after polyethylene and polypropylene. PVC is
used in construction because it is more effective
than traditional materials such as copper, iron or
wood in pipe and profile applications.

In the water distribution market it accounts for

66% of the market in the US, and in sanitary
sewer pipe applications, it accounts for 75%. Its
light weight, low cost, and low maintenance PIPE JOINT METHOD FOR PVC PIPES
make it attractive. However, it must be carefully A. Solvent Weld Joint
installed and bedded to ensure longitudinal
cracking does not occur. Additionally, PVC pipes
can be fused together using various solvent
cements, creating permanent joints.
uPVC = unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride
CPVC= Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride
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B. Compression Joint C. Gibault Joint

It is a coupling designed to supply an
efficient and economical method for PVC
pipes. It is an ideal way for re-connecting
pipes after removal of the damaged PVC
pipe or for Connecting 2 pipe into a
pipeline.

POLYPROPYLENE (PPR) PIPES AND

FITTINGS
Polypropylene pipe is used in many
industrial settings due to its chemical
and thermal resistance, affordability,
and cost.
• Use PPR PN 10 for cold water
piping.
• Use PPR PN 20 for hot & cold
water piping.
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POLYETHYLENE (PE) PIPES Rigid HDPE Pipe POLYBUTYLENE (PB) PIPES AND FITTINGS
High-Density Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE or PE Polybutylene is a form of plastic resin that was
Pipe) is made from ethylene, which can be used extensively in the manufacture of water
derived from either crude oil or natural gas. supply piping from 1978 until 1995. Due to the
PE pipe is extremely strong, durable, flexible, low cost of the material and ease of installation,
corrosion free and chemical resistant. These polybutylene piping systems were viewed as "the
features make it perfect for a variety of pipe of the future" and were used as a substitute
underground conditions and help it last up to 100 for traditional copper piping
years.
The piping systems were used for underground
The smooth walls allow for less friction, which water mains and as interior water distribution
increases flow through the same diameter as that piping.
of other pipes.
While scientific evidence is scarce, it is believed
Flexible PE Pipe that oxidants in the public water supplies, such
Fittings for Heat Fusion / Screw Joint
as chlorine, react with the polybutylene piping
and fittings causing them to scale and flake and
become brittle. Polybutylene water pipes are no
longer accepted by United States or Canadian
building codes.

COPPER PIPES AND FITTINGS

Copper tubing is most often used for supply of
hot and cold tap water, and as refrigerant line
in HVAC systems. There are two basic types of
copper tubing, soft copper and rigid copper.
Copper tubing is joined using flare connection,
Compression Fittings compression connection, or solder. Copper
offers a high level of resistance to corrosion, but
is becoming very costly.
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COMMON WALL-THICKNESSES OF COPPER Step 2: Ream Step 5: Light Torch Copper Pipe Flared Joint Steps
TUBING ARE "TYPE K", "TYPE L", "Type M",
and "Type DWV": Step 1: Pipe Cutter
• Type K has the thickest wall section of
the three types of pressure rated tubing
and is commonly used for deep
underground burial such as under
sidewalks and streets, with a suitable
corrosion protection coating or
continuous polyethylene sleeve as
required by code. It is color coded in
Green.
• Type L has a thinner pipe wall section,
and is most popular for use in water Step 3: Clean
supply system. It is color coded in Blue
• Type M has an even thinner pipe wall
section, and is used in residential and Step 6: Solder Step 2: Flaring Tool
commercial water supply where
pressure is not too great. It is color
coded in Red.
• Type DWV has the thinnest wall section,
and is generally only suitable for
unpressurized applications, such as
drains, waste and vent (DWV) lines.

Copper Pipe Solder Joint or Sweat Joint Steps

Step 4: Apply Flux and Assemble
Step 1: Cut
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CONTROL VALVES Globe Valve

A valve is a device that regulates, directs or
controls the flow of fluid (gases or liquids) by
opening, closing, or partially obstructing various
passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but
are usually discussed as a separate category. In
an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from
higher pressure to lower pressure.

The different types of valves found in the

Plumbing system are:
1. Gate valve Globe Valve - A valve in which the flow of
2. Globe valve fluid is cut off by means of a circular disc that
Copper Pipe Compression Joint 3. Check valve fits against the horizontal valve seat.
4. Angle valve
5. Ball valve / Stop Cock Check Valve
6. Faucet/Bibb

Gate Valve

Gate Valve – A valve in which the flow of water Check Valve – A valve that automatically close
is cut off by means of a circular disc fitted to prevent the flow of liquid or gas in a reverse
against machine – smoothed faces at right direction.
angles to the direction of flow.

Step 3: Install
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Angle Valve Ball Valve Butterfly Valve

Shower Valve for Hot & Cold

Foot Valve

Ball Valve – A spherical shaped gate valve

providing very tight shut off.

Faucet

Angle Valve – A device, usually of the globe

Pressure Reducing Valve
type, in which the inlet and outlet are at right
angles.

Faucet – A valve on a water pipe by means of

which water can be drawn from or held within
the pipe. The valve is placed at the end of the
pipe.
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Chapter 6 accessible shutoff or control valves, particularly 608.3 Ferrous and Copper Piping within Buildings: 609.3 Fixture Units:
for appliances and fixtures. Specific requirements for ferrous and copper The concept of "Fixture Units" is introduced,
Water Supply & piping within buildings are detailed, including providing a standardized representation of the
Distribution Section 606 - GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKS: protective coatings and installation methods. It quantity of water required for plumbing fixtures.
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines This part focuses on the requirements for emphasizes external protection for copper
1999 elevated or gravity storage tanks for potable tubing and specific conditions for installation 609.4 Sizing Based on Fixture Units:
water. It highlights the necessity of covering within concrete floor slabs. Sizing of water piping systems is detailed based
Summary of Water Supply & Distribution tanks securely, venting, and controlling water on fixture units, considering factors like length,
Section 601 - RUNNING WATER REQUIRED: inlets to prevent overflow. 608.4 Inspection: pressure, and elevation differences.
This section emphasizes the importance of The code mandates that no water supply system
providing plumbing fixtures with potable Section 607 - WATER PRESSURE, PRESSURE can be covered or concealed until it has been 609.5 Friction Loss Data:
running water and outlines specific REGULATORS, AND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES: inspected, tested, and approved, ensuring Specific requirements for obtaining friction loss
requirements to maintain cleanliness and This section addresses issues related to water compliance with the plumbing regulations. data from charts and sources in different parts of
healthfulness while preventing backflow or pressure, both inadequate and excessive. It the system are outlined.
cross-connection. introduces the use of pressure regulators to 608.5 Testing:
control excessive pressure and mandates This section stipulates that water piping must 609.6 Proposed Installation Conditions:
Section 602 - UNLAWFUL CONNECTIONS: pressure relief valves to safeguard against undergo testing as outlined in Section 501 before Conditions to be determined for proposed water
This part prohibits installations that could allow potential hazards caused by high pressures. The approval, ensuring the integrity of the installed piping installations include fixture units, length
contaminated water to enter the piping system. section also provides details on drain system. of supply pipe, elevation differences, and water
It stresses the need for approved backflow requirements for relief valves. In summary, these pressure.
prevention devices to ensure the safety of the sections collectively establish a comprehensive 608.6 Unions:
potable water supply. framework for ensuring a safe and reliable Unions must be strategically placed in water 609.7 Size of Water Meter and Building Supply
potable water supply, covering aspects from supply piping near equipment that may require Pipe:
Section 603 - CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL: water quality and fixture requirements to removal for servicing or replacement, facilitating The process for determining the size of water
This section introduces the concept of cross- backflow prevention and pressure regulation. maintenance. meters and building supply pipes is explained,
connection control and specifies various considering pressure range, length, and fixture
backflow prevention devices and methods. It Section 608 - INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, AND Section 609 - SIZE OF POTABLE WATER PIPING: unit values.
outlines general and specific requirements, TESTING: 609.1 Water Meter and Piping Size:
including testing, maintenance, and installation This section outlines the criteria for determining 609.8 Size of Branches:
guidelines for these devices. 608.1 Installation: the size of water meters and piping based on total The size of branches is determined by the
This section outlines requirements for the water demand. It highlights considerations when number of fixture units they handle, following
Section 604 - MATERIALS: installation of water piping, emphasizing installing water treatment devices. the methods outlined.
This section details the materials approved for support, proper changes in direction, and
water pressure pipes, fittings, and solder. It provisions for expansion in hot water systems. It 609.2 Water Treatment Device Restrictions: 609.9 Sizing for Flushometer Valves:
highlights the importance of using suitable sets standards for workmanlike installations in Prohibitions are established regarding the Special considerations are provided for sizing
materials to maintain the integrity of the water conformity with the plumbing code. installation of certain water treatment devices in branches and mains serving flushometer valves.
supply system. potable water supply piping if they result in
608.2 Water Pipes and Sewer Trenches: excessive pressure drop or have inadequate 609.10 Sizing Systems for Flushometer Tanks:
Section 605 - VALVES: This part establishes conditions under which diameters. The sizing of systems serving flushometer tanks
The valve section covers the types of valves water pipes can be laid in the same trench as is addressed, aligning with procedures for flush
permitted, their sizes, and specific requirements building sewer or storm drainage pipings, tank water closets.
for their installation. It underscores the need for emphasizing minimum distances and proper
separation to prevent contamination.
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609.11 Sizing Systems With Hot Water Piping: Section 614 - THRUST BLOCKING: any tank, receptacle, equipment, or Administrative Authority, Health
Considerations for sizing water piping systems 614: plumbing fixture by reason of back- Department, or other agencies.
with hot water are detailed, including This section mandates the installation of thrust siphonage, by suction or any other
compensating for friction loss. blocks at specific points in lines with rubber cause, either during normal use and Section 603 - CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL
gasketed joints to prevent movement and ensure operation thereof or when any such
609.13 Exceptions: stability. In summary, these sections provide a tank, receptacle, equipment, or 603.1 Cross-Connection control shall be
Various exceptions to the sizing requirements comprehensive guide for the installation, sizing, plumbing fixture is flooded, or subject to provided in accordance with the
are listed, allowing flexibility in specific and support of water piping systems, pressure in excess of the operating provisions of this Chapter.
situations. emphasizing compliance with standards and pressure in the hot or cold water
regulations to ensure safe and efficient plumbing pipings. No person shall install any water-
Section 610 - WATER CONSERVATION: practices. operated equipment or mechanism or
610.1 Maximum Discharge Flow Rates: 602.2 No person shall make a connection or use any water treating chemical or
The section mandates adherence to maximum Chapter 6 allow one to exist between pipes or substances, if it is found that such
discharge flow rates for plumbing fixture fittings, conduits carrying domestic water equipment, mechanism, chemical or
aligning with applicable standards.
Water Supply & supplied by any public or private water substance may cause pollution or
Distribution service system and any pipe, conduits or contamination of the domestic water
610.2 Flush Volumes: National Plumbing Code of the Philippines fixture containing or carrying water supply. Such equipment or mechanism
Specific flush volumes for low consumption and 1999 from any other source or containing or may be permitted only when equipped
water saver water closets and urinals are carrying water which has been used for with an approved backflow prevention
required, following relevant standards. Section 601 -RUNNING WATER REQUIRED other purposes or any piping carrying device assembly.
chemicals, liquids, gases or any
Section 611 - PIPING INSTALLED IN FIRE Each plumbing fixture shall be provided substances unless there is provided an Approval of Devices or Assemblies -
RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION: with an adequate supply of potable approved backflow prevention device. before any device or assembly is
611: running water so arranged as to flush installed for the prevention of backflow,
Guidelines for piping installed in fire resistive and keep same in clean and healthful 602.3 No plumbing fixture, device, or the Administrative Authority shall have
construction are provided, emphasizing the need conditions without danger of backflow construction shall be installed or first approved it. Devices or assemblies
for approval before installation. or cross-connection. Water closets and maintained or shall be connected to any shall be tested for conformity with
urinals shall be flushed by means of an domestic water supply when such recognized standards or other standards
Section 612 - HANGERS AND SUPPORTS approved flush tank or flushometer installation or connection may provide a acceptable to the Administrative
ABRASION: valve. Faucets and diverters shall be possibility of polluting such water Authority. Devices or assemblies shall be
612: connected to the hot and cold water supply or may provide a cross- tested for conformity with recognized
Requirements for hangers and supports are distribution supplies so that the hot connection between potable water standards or other standards acceptable
detailed, stressing the importance of avoiding water supply is located at left side of the distributing system and water which to the Administrative Authority, which
damage to piping and ensuring free movement. combination fittings. become contaminated by such plumbing are consistent with the intent of this
fixture, device, or construction, unless Code.
Section 613 - SUPPORT: Section 602- UNLAWFUL CONNECTIONS there is provided an indirect connection
613: or a backflow prevention device. The person or persons having control of
Guidelines for supporting piping at regular 602.1 No installation of potable water supply such devices or assemblies shall
intervals, at the end of branches, and at direction piping or part thereof shall be made in 602.4 No water piping supplied by any private maintain all devices or assemblies
or elevation changes are established. such a manner that it will be possible for water supply system shall be installed in a potable water supply
used, unclean, polluted or contaminated interconnected to an approved city system for protection against backflow
water, mixtures, or substances to enter water supply system or any other source in good working condition. The
any portion of such piping system from of supply without the approval of the Administrative Authority or other
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department having jurisdiction may Assembly (RP) - consists of equipped with a listed
inspect such devices or assemblies and, two independently acting 603.3.4 Direct connections between atmospheric vacuum breaker.
if found to be defective or inoperative, internally loaded check valves, potable water pipings and The vacuum breaker shall be
shall require the repair or replacement a differential pressure relief sewer-connected wastes shall installed at the discharge side of
thereof. No device or assembly shall be valve, four properly located test not exist under any condition the flushometer valve with the
removed from use or relocated, or other cocks and two isolation gate with or without backflow critical level at least 152 mm or
device or assembly substituted, without valves. protection. Where potable the distance according to its
the approval of the Administrative water is discharged to the listing above the overflow rim
Authority. 603.3 General Requirements drainage system, it shall be by of a water closet howl or the
means of an approved airgap of highest part of a urinal.
603.3.1 All assemblies shall conform to two (2) pipe diameters from the
603.2 Backflow Prevention Devices, listed standards and acceptable supply outlet and the top 603.4.2 Water Closet and Urinal Tanks
Assemblies, and Methods to the Administrative Authority surface of the drainage inlet, but shall be equipped with a listed
having jurisdiction over the in no case shall the gap be less ballcock. The ballcock shall be
603.2.1 Airgap - the minimum airgap to selection and installation of than 25 mm. Connection may be installed with the critical level
provide backflow protection backflow prevention made to the inlet side of a trap at least 25 mm above the full
shall be in accordance with the assemblies. provided that an approved opening of the overflow pipe. In
Table 6-1. atmospheric vacuum breaker is cases where the ballcock has no
603.3.2 The premises owner or installed not less than 152 mm hush tube, the bottom of the
603.2.2 Atmospheric Vacuum responsible person shall have above the flood level rim of such water supply inlet shall be
Breaker (AVB) - consists of a the backflow prevention trapped fixture, so that at no installed 25 mm above the full
body, a checking member and assembly tested by a certified time will any such device be opening of the overflow pipe.
an atmospheric opening. backflow assembly tester at the subjected to any back pressure. Water closets having the flush
time of installation repair) valve seat less than 25 mm
603.2.3 Double Check Valve Backflow relocation and at least on an 603.3.5 Back flow prevention for hot above the flood level rim of the
Prevention Assembly (DC) - annual schedule thereafter or water over 43 .3° C shall be a closet bowl shall have the
consists of two independently more often when required by listed type assembly designed ballcock installed in a separate
acting internally or externally the Administrative Authority. to operate at a temperature of and isolated compartment of
loaded check valves, four 43 .3° C or higher without the tank, or provided with a
properly located test cocks with 603.3.3 Access and clearance shall be rendering any portion of the sheathed ballcock, or other
connectors and two isolation provided for the required assembly inoperative. equivalent protection.
gate valves. testing, maintenance and
repair. Access and clearance 603.3.6 Fixtures, appliances or 603.4.3 Water Closet Flushometer
603.2.4 Pressure Vacuum Breaker shall require minimum of 305 appurtenances with integral Tanks shall be protected against
Backflow Prevention mm space between the lowest back flow preventers or integral backflow by an approved
Assembly (PVB) - consists of a portion of the assembly and the airgaps manufactured as a unit backflow prevention assembly,
loaded air inlet valve, an grade, floor or platform. shall be installed in accordance device or method.
internally loaded check valve, Installations elevated more with their listed requirements.
two properly located test cocks than 1.52 meters above the 603.4.4 Heat Exchangers, and other
and two isolation gate valves. floor or grade shall be provided 603.4 Specific Requirements assemblies or methods of
with a permanent platform constructions using potable
603.2.5 Reduced Pressure Principle capable of supporting a tester 603.4.1 Water Closet and Urinal water shall be of listed
Backflow Prevention or maintenance person. Flushometer Valves shall be construction and materials.
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Potable water shall be breakers cannot be installed Chapter. The discharge shall installed per the requirements
separated from the fluids or because of piping elevation of drain through an airgap. When of this Chapter.
gasses by a minimum of two valves, other listed backflow using the tailpiece of a fixture to
separate walls, with a positive, preventers shall be installed in receive the discharge of an 603.4.13 Backflow Preventers shall not
vented leak detection path. The accordance with their aspirator, the air gap shall be located in any area containing
sections in contact with potable requirements as set forth in this located above the flood level fumes that are toxic, poisonous
water shall be of material and Chapter. rim of the fixture. and corrosive
weights suitable for potable
water as set forth in this 603.4.7 Potable Water Outlets with 603.4.10 Potable Water Make Up Section 604 – MATERIALS
Chapter. Hose Attachments other than Connections to Steam or Hot
water heater drains and clothes Water Boilers shall be provided 604.1 Water pressure pipes shall be of
603.4.5 Inlets to Tanks, Vats, Sumps, washer connections shall be with a listed back now brass copper, centrifugal cast
Swimming Pools and other protected by a listed non- protection assembly. iron (CCI), B & S and F & F ends,
receptors when protected by a removable hosebibb-type ductile cast iron (DCI),
listed atmospheric vacuum backflow preventer or by a 603.4.11 Non-Potable Water Piping. In galvanized wrought iron,
breaker shall have such listed atmospheric vacuum cases where it is impractical to galvanized steel, or other
atmospheric vacuum breaker breaker installed at least 152 correct individual cross- approved PE & PVC water
installed in the discharge side of mm above the highest point of ·connections in the domestic pressure pipe manufactured to
the last valve with the critical usage and located on the water line, the line supplying recognized standards may be
level of not less than 152 mm or discharge side of the last valve. such outlets shall be considered used for cold water distribution
in accordance with its listing a non-potable water line No systems. CPVC water pipe and
above the flood level rim of such 603.4.8 A listed backflow preventer drinking or domestic outlets tubing may be used for hot and
equipment, and ail downstream installed in accordance with the shall be connected to non- cold-water distribution systems
piping. Water supply inlets not requirements of this Chapter potable water line. Whenever within a building. All materials
protected by atmospheric shall protect water Cooled possible, all portions of the non- used in the water supply
vacuum breakers shall be Compressors, Degreasers or potable water line shall be system, except valves and
protected by approved airgap. any other water-cooled exposed and all exposed similar devices, shall be of a like
Where atmospheric vacuum equipment. portions shall be properly material, except where
breakers or airgaps are not identified in a manner otherwise approved by the
installed other backflow Note: Some water-cooled satisfactory to the Administrative Authority.
preventers suitable against the equipment may produce back Administrative Authority Each 604.2 Cast iron fittings up to and
possible contamination or pressure and shall he equip outlet on the non-potable water including 51 mm in size, when
pollution may be installed in with the approved protection. line, which may be used for used in connection with potable
accordance with their drinking or domestic purposes, water piping shall be
requirements as set forth in this 603.4.9 Water Inlets to Water Supplied shall be posted: galvanized.
Chapter. Aspirators shall be equipped “DANGER-UNSAFE WATER".
with a listed atmospheric 604.3 All small-sized malleable iron
603.4.6 Lawn Sprinkling Systems shall vacuum breaker mounted at 603.4.12 Potable Water Supply to water fittings shall be
be equipped with listed least 152 mm above the Carbonators shall be protected galvanized.
atmospheric vacuum breakers aspirator unit or equipped with by backflow protections device
installed on the discharge side a listed backflow preventer as approved by the 604.4 Pipings and Tubings, which
of each of the last shutoff valve. installed in accordance with its Administrative Authority and were previously, used for any
Where atmospheric vacuum listed requirements and this
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purpose other than for potable the discharge side of each water 605.5 All required shutoff or control 607.1 Inadequate Water Pressure -
water systems shall not he used. meter and on each unmetered valves shall be accessible. Whenever the water pressure
water supply Water supply in the main or other source of
604.5 Approved plastic materials may piping supplying more than one 605.6 A single control gate valve shall supply will not provide a water
be used in water service piping, building in any premise shall be he installed in a water supply pressure of at least l 03 kPa,
provided that where metal equipped with a separate line ahead of any automatic after allowing friction and other
water service piping is used for fullway gate valve to each metering valve which supplies a pressure losses, a hydro-
electrical grounding purpose building, so arranged that the battery of fixtures. pneumatic pressure tank or an
and replacement pipings water supply can be turned on elevated tank and booster
therefore shall be of like or off to any individual or Section 606 - GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKS pun1p will provide said 103 kPa
materials. separate building; provided pressure.
however, that supply piping to a 606.1 Elevated or gravity storage tank
Exception: Where a grounding single family residence and fur potable water supply shall 607.2 Excessive Water Pressure -
system, acceptable to the building accessory thereto, may be tightly covered to keep out Where the local water pressure
Administrative Authority is be controlled by one gate valve. unauthorized persons, dirt and is in excess of 551 kPa, an
installed, inspected, and Such shutoff gate valves shall be vermin. The covers of gravity approved-type pressure
approved, metallic pipe may be accessible at all times. A fullway tanks shall be vented with a regulator preceded by an
replaced with non-metallic gate valve shall be installed on return-bend vent pipe having adequately sized strainer shall
pipe. the discharge piping from water an area not less than the area of be installed to reduce the
supply tanks at or near the tank. the down-feed riser pipe, and pressure on the building side of
604.6 Solder shall conform to the A fullway gate valve shall be the vent shall be screened with the regulator to the required
requirements of Subsection installed on the cold water a fine corrosion-resistant supply pressure. Approved
1302.4 supply pipe to each water screen with openings not less regulators with integral
heater near the water heater. A than 14 nor more than 18 mess bypasses are acceptable. Each
604.7 Water pipes and fittings with a fullway gate valve shall be per 25 mm. such regulator and strainer
lead content that exceed eight installed for each apartment or shall be accessibly located and
(8) percent shall be prohibited dwelling occupied by more than 606.2 Potable water inlets to gravity have the strainer readily
and not used in potable piping one family. In addition to the tanks shall be controlled by a accessible for cleaning without
systems. main supply shutoff valve for float valve float switch or removing the regulator or
each apartment, individual electrode-type water level strainer body or disconnecting
Section 605- VALVES shutoff gate valves shall be control to prevent the tank from the supply piping. All pipe size
provided for each fixture. overflowing. determinations shall be based
605.1 Valves up to and including 51 on eighty (80) percent of the
mm in size shall be brass or 605.3 A valve used to control two (2) 606.3 Gravity tanks shall be provided reduced pressure when using
other approved materials. Sizes or more openings shall be a with a valve drain pipe and an Table 6-6.
over 51 mm may have cast iron fullway gate valve. overflow pipe screened as
or brass bodies. Each gate valve described in Subsection 606.1. 607.3 Any water distributing system
shall be a fullway type with 605.4 Control gate valves shall be provided with a pressure
working parts of non-corrosive installed before each water- regulating device or check valve
materials. supplied appliance slip joint, Section 607 - WATER PRESSURE, PRESSURE at its source or any water
supply pipings for non-metallic REGULATORS, AND PRESSURE, RELIEF system containing storage
605.2 A fullway gate valve controlling fixture and appliance. VALVES water heating equipment shall
all outlets shall be installed on be provided with an approved,
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listed, adequately sized extend from the valve to the to the satisfaction of the distance between the sides of at
pressure relief valve with outside of the building with the Administrative Authority. least 0.3 m from the side of
approved drain, except for end of the pipe not more than Burred ends shall be reamed to sewer or drain line and the
listed non-storage 0.6m nor less than 152 mm the full bore of the pipe or tube. water line, and
instantaneous heaters having above the ground and pointing Changes in direction shall be
an inside diameter of not more downward. Such drains may made by the appropriate use of 608.2.3 Water pipes crossing sewer or
than 76 mm. terminate at other approved fittings, except that changes on drainage piping constructed of
locations. No part of such direction in copper tubing may clay or materials, not approved
In addition to the required drainpipe shall be trapped and be made with bends provided for use within a building, shall
pressure relief valve, an the terminal end of the that the same are made with be laid a minimum of 0.3 m
approved and listed expansion drainpipe shall not be threaded proper bending equipment above the sewer or drainpipe.
tank or other device designed nor capped. which does not deform or
for intermittent operation for create a loss in cross-sectional 608.3 Water piping installed within a
thermal expansion control shall 607.6 Any water-heating device area of the tubing. Provisions building and in or under a
be installed whenever the connected to a separate shall be made for expansion in concrete floor slab resting on
building supply pressure is elevated or pressure-type hot water pipings. All pipings, the ground shall be installed in
greater than the required relief storage tank and having valves equipment, appurtenances and accordance with the following
valve pressure setting or when between said heater and tank devices shall be installed in a requirements:
any device is installed that shall be provided with an workmanlike manner in
prevents pressure relief approved water pressure relief conformity with the provisions 608.3.1 Ferrous piping shall have an
through the building water valve. and intents of this Code. All outside protective coating of an
supply. The tank or device shall water service yard piping shall approved materials, machine
be sized in accordance with the 607.7 Nothing contained herein shall be at least 0.3 m below the applied and conforming to
manufacturer's prevent the use of an approved finish ground level. recognized standards. Field
recommendation. combination temperature and bitumastic coating and
pressure relief valve (CT & 608.2 Water pipes shall not be run or wrapping shall provide
607.4 Each pressure relief valve shall PRV). Each such approved CT & laid in the same trench as equivalent protection and
be an approved automatic type PRV shall be installed on the building sewer or storm application is restricted to
with drain, and each such relief water heating device in an drainage pipings constructed of those short pipe lengths at
valve shall be set at a pressure approved location based on its clay or materials not approved points of connection with
of not more than 1033 kPa listing requirements and the for use within the building fittings necessarily stripped for
manufacturer's instructions. unless both of the following threading and jointing. Zinc
607.5 Relief valves located inside a Each such CT & PRV shall be conditions are met. coating (galvanized) shall not
building shall be provided with provided with a drain as be deemed adequate outside
drain adequately-sized and not required in Subsection 607.5 608.2.1 The bottom of the water pipe at protection for ferrous piping or
smaller than the relief valve all points, shall is at least 0.3 m fittings. Approved non-ferrous
outlet or galvanized steel, hard above the top of the sewer or pipings such as plastic tubes
drawn copper piping and drain line; and pipes need not be wrapped
fittings, CPVC or PB with fittings Section 608 - INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, for rust-proofing.
which will not reduce the AND TESTING 608.2.2 The water pipe shall be placed
internal bore or the pipe or on a solid shelf excavated at one 608.3.2 Copper tubing shall be installed
tubing (straight lengths as 608.1 Installation - all water piping side of the common trench with without joints where possible.
opposed to coils) and shall shall be adequately supported a minimum clear horizontal Where joints are permitted,
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they shall be brazed and fittings 609.1 The size of the water meter and Authority and tested for flow
shall be wrought copper. the immediate piping from the ratings and pressure losses by 609.5 Except where the type of the
Copper tubing shall be fully meter or from other source of an approved laboratory or pipe used and the water
externally protected with unmetered water supply to the recognized testing agency characteristics are such that no
bitumastic coating and risers, fixture supply branches, against standards consistent decrease in capacity due to
fiberglass wrapping and fixture connections, outlets or with this Chapter. The length of service (age of system)
installed inside a split rigid other uses shall be based on the maximum rated flow and the may be expected, all friction
casing whenever installed total water demand and shall be pressure loss shall be stamped loss data shall be obtained from
underground. determined according to the legibly on the device or on a the "Fairly Rough" or “ Rough''
methods and procedures metal label, permanently charts in Appendix A of this
Note: For the purpose of this outlined in this section. attached with the device, and Code. Friction or pressure
section, "within the building" shall be in the following form: losses in water meter, valve and
shall mean within the fixed 609.2 Whenever a water filter, water TABLE 6-3 fittings shall be obtained from
limits of the building softener or similar water MAXIMUM PRESSURE DROP the same sources. Pressure
foundation. treating device backflow Flow, Liters per loses through water treating
prevention device or similar equipment. Back flow
second Pressure Drop
608.3.3 Plastic pipings shall be installed devices are installed in a water prevention devices, or other
in accordance with applicable supply line, the pressure loss 032 - (kPa) flow restricting devices shall be
sections found elsewhere in this through such devices must be 063 - (kPa) computed as required in
Code. included in the pressure loss 0.95 - (kPa) subsection 609.2 of this section.
calculations of the system and Note: The final figure in the pressure drop column shall be based an
608.4 Inspection - no water supply the water supply pipe and the 609.6 For proposed water piping
system or portion thereof shall meter shall be adequately sized minimum rated flow or capacity of the device. installation sized using Table 6-
be covered or concealed until it to provide for such pressure 6 the following conditions shall
has been first inspected, tested losses. 609.3 The quantity of water required be determined:
and approved. to be supplied to every
609.2.1 No water filter, water softener, plumbing fixture shall be 609.6.1 Total number of fixture units
608.5 Testing - water piping shall be backflow prevention device or represented by "Fixture Units" (F.U.) determined from the
tested and approved as similar devices regulated by (FU), as shown in Table 6-5. Table of Equivalent Fixture
provided in Section 501. this Code shall be installed in Units (Table 6-5) for the
any potable water supply piping 609.4 Where the maximum length of fixtures to be installed;
608.6 Unions - unions shall be when the diameter of the inlet supply piping is 61 meters or
installed in the water supply and/or outlet of any such device less, each water piping system 609.6.2 Developed length of supply pipe
piping within 0.3 meter away or its connecting pipings are of fifty fixture units (FU) or less from water meter to the most
from regulating equipment, less than the diameter of the shall be sized in accordance remote outlet;
water heater, conditioning tank water supply distribution with the values set forth in
and similar equipment which piping, or when the installation Table 6-6. Other systems of 609.6.3 Difference in elevation between
require removal for servicing or of such devices produces more than (5O) fixture units the water meter and other
replacement. excessive pressure drop in the and within range of Table 6-6 source of water supply and the
water supply piping system. may be sized from that table or highest fixture or outlet to be
Section 609- SIZE OF POTABLE WATER by method set forth in Appendix installed;
PIPING 609.2.2 All such devices shall be of types A (Recommended rules for
approved by the Administrative sizing the water supply system).
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609.6.4 Water Pressure in the street 609.8 Size of Branches. The number compensated fin by the combined hot and cold water
main or other source of water of fixture units handled by a following method: demand as given in Table 6-5 to
supply in the locality where the branch shall determine the size the piping supplying either hot
installation is to be made; and of that branch, following the 609.11.1 Compute the total hot water or cold water to those fixtures
methods outlined in subsection fixture unit demand, using served by both. Piping serving
609.6.5 In localities where there is a 609.7 of this section. those values given Table 6·5 for water heaters plus all required
fluctuation of water pressure in the combined hot and cold cold water demand shall be
the main throughout the day, 609.9 Sizing for Flushometer water use; sized to deliver the required hot
the water piping system shall be Valves. Branches and main water demand, but in no case
designed on the basis of the serving water closets or similar 609.11.2 Assign the total demand need the piping be larger in size
minimum pressure available. flushometer valves may be computed as required in than that required by Table 6-6
sized from Table 6-6 when the 609.11.1 above as the fixture for the total building supply.
609.7 Size of Water Meter and values in Table 6-4 are assigned unit demand at the hot water
Building Supply Pipe Using to each flushometer valve heater inlet 609.13 Exceptions: The provisions of
Table 6-6. Knowing the beginning with the most remote this Section relative to size of
available pressure at the water valve in each branch. 609.11.3 Starting at the most remote water piping need not apply to
meter or other source of supply, Any system using flushometer outlet on the cold water piping the following:
and after subtracting 9.79 kPa valves may be sized also by the and working back toward the
per m of difference in elevation procedures set forth in water meter, compute the pipe 609.13.1 Water supply piping systems
between such source of supply Appendix A (Recommended sizing for the system from the designed in accordance with
and highest water supply outlet rules for sizing the water supply column originally selected in recognized engineering
in the building or on the system). Piping supplying a Table 6-6 using the fixture unit procedures acceptable to the
premises, use the "Pressure flushometer valve shall not be valves given in Table 6-5 and Administrative Authority;
Range" group within which this less in size than the valve inlet. adding in the fixture unit
pressure will fall. Select the demand of the hot water heater 609. 13.2 Alteration of or minor additions
"Length" column which is equal 609.10 Sizing Systems for supply inlet as computed in to existing installations
to or longer than the required Flushometer Tanks. The size 609.11.1 above, at the point provided the Administrative
length. Follow down the column of branches and mains serving where it occurs. The final size of Authority finds that there will
to a fixture unit value equal to flushometer tanks shall be the cold water branch or main be a reasonably adequate
or greater than the total consistent with the sizing need not exceed the originally supply of water to all fixtures;
number of f1xtu re units procedures for flush tank water established size of the building
required by the installation. closets. supply. 609.13.3 Replacement of existing fixtures
Having located the proper or appliances;
fixture unit value for the 609.11 Sizing systems With Hot 609.12 Except as provided in
required length, sizes of meter Water Piping. In sizing the Subsection 609.11, water
and building supply pipe will be water piping system having a piping systems may be designed 609.13.4 Piping which is part of fixture
found in the two left-hand total demand of 50 FU or less, by taking the total length of the equipment;
columns. the greatest developed length of supply piping from the source
No building water service pipe the cold water supply piping of cold water supply through 609.13.5 Unusual conditions where, in
shall be less than 19 mm in may be used (from Table 6-6) the water heater, to the most the judgment of the
diameter. and the length of the hot water remote hot water outlet and Administrative Authority, a
1 PSI = 6.895 Kilo Pascal (Kpa) piping ignored when the hot assessing flow values of reasonably adequate supply of
water piping friction loss is seventy-five (75) percent of the water is provided;
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Where piping is installed and penetrates

required fire resistive construction, the 614.1 Changes in direction, as at tees
609.13.6 Non-potable water lines as fire resistant integrity of the and bends;
defined in subsection 603.4.11 construction shall be that required by 614.2 Changes in size, as at reducers;
of Section 601 the Administrative Authority, or when 614 .3 Stops, as at dead ends; and
not established by the building Code, by 614.4 Valves, where thrusts may be
609.13.7 The size and materials used for qualified testing methods approved by expected.
irrigation water piping installed the Administrative Authority Approval
outside of any building or shall be obtained prior to installing any Thrust block sizes shall be based on the
structure and separated from such piping. maximum line pressure, pipe size and
the potable water supply kind of soil Refer to Useful Tables and
system by means of an Section 612- Hangers and Supports Abrasion Charts.
approved airgap or backflow
prevention device is not Hangers and straps shall not compress,
regulated by this Code. The distort, cut or abrade the piping and
main potable water supply shall allow free movement of pipe. Pipe
piping supplying both the exposed to damage by sharp surfaces
potable water demand and the shall be protected.
irrigation systems shall be
adequately sized as required Section 613- Support
elsewhere in this Chapter to
deliver the full connected Support all piping at intervals of not
demand of both systems. more than four (4) feet (1219 mm), at
end of branches, and at change of
Section 610-WATER CONSERVATION direction or elevation. Supports shall
allow free movement, but shall restrict
610.1 The maximum discharge flow upward movement of lateral runs to
rates for plumbing fixture avoid reverse grade. Vertical pi ping
fittings shall be in accordance shall be supported at each story or floor
with applicable standards listed level. Alignment of vertical piping shall
in Chapter 14. be maintained between floors with the
use of a mid-story guide. Support traps
610.2 Flush volumes for low arms in excess of three (3) feet (914
consumption and water saver mm) in length as close as possible to the
water closets and urinals shall trap. Closet rings shall be tightly
he in accordance with fastened with corrosive resistant
applicable standards listed in fasteners up to the floor with top surface
Chapter 14. one-quarter (1/4) inch (6.4 mm) above
finish floor.
Section 611 - Piping Installed in Fire Resistive
Construction Section 614- Thrust Blocking
In lines with rubber gasketed joints,
thrust blocks shall be installed at all:
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TABLE 6-1 – Minimum Air Gaps

Item FIXTURES When not affected When affected by

(1) by side walls1 mm side walls2 mm
No. (3)
(2)
Lavatories and other fixtures with
1 effective openings3 not greater than 13 25 38
mm in diameter
Sinks, laundry trays, gooseneck bath
2 faucets and other fixtures with effective
openings3 not greater then 19 mm in 38 57
diameter
Over run hath fillers and3 otlia fixtures
3 with effective openings not greeter than 51 76
25 mm in diameter

openings3 not greater than 25 Two (2) times Three (3) times
4 Effective
turn in diameter diameter of diameter of
effective opening effective opening

1 the cross-sectional areas of the individual supply

Side walls, ribs or similar obstructions do not
lines or the area of sfce single outlet, whichever is
affect airgaps when spaced from the inside edge
smaller.
ofihe spout opening a distance greater than three
times the diameter of the effective opening for a 4
Airgap less than 25 nun shall only be approved as
single *all, or a distance greater than four times
a permanent port of a listed assembly that has \
the effective opening for a single wall, or a
been tested under actual backllovv conditions with
distance greater than four times (he effective
vacuums of from 0 to 63 5 cm of mercury.
opening for two intersecting walls.
2
Vertical walls, nbs or sinular obstructions
extending from the water surface to or above the
horizontal plane or the spout opening other than
specified in Note 1 above. The effect of three or
more such vertical walls or ribs has not been
determined, in such cases, the airgap shall be
measured from the icp of the wall
3
The effective opening shall be the minimum
cross-sectional area at the scat of the control valve
ci the supply pipe or tubing which feeds the
device or outlet If two or more tines supply one
outlet, the effective opening shall be the sum of
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1
TABLE 6-2: Backflow Assemblies, See description of devices and assemblies in this
Devices and Methods chapter.
2
Installation in pit or vault requires previous
ltem
DEGREE OF HAZARD approval by the Administrative Authority.
Description Function 3
No. Pollution Contamination Refer to general and specific requirements for
Low Hazard High Hazard installation.
Device Assembly or Back Back Back Back 4
Not be subjected to operating pressure for more
Siphonag Installation v
Method1 Siphonage Pressure Pressure than 12 hours in any 24 hours period.
1 Airgap X Xe See table in this
Atmospheric X X cliapter.
Upright position. No
_Vacuum Breaker valves downstream Table 6-4
Minimum of 150 mm
or listed distance
Flushometer Fixture Units for Water
2
above all downstream Sizing Using Table
piping and flood level
rim of receptor.
Fixture Categories
Double Check X X Horizontal unless Fixture Units
Number of Fixture Units
Valve Backflow otherwise listed. Assigned for
Flushometer Assigned for
Preventer Requires 30 5-cm Water Closets
minimum clearance at Valves Urinals and
and Similar
bottom for Similar Fixtures
Fixtures
3 maintenance, May
need platform/ladder 1 40 20
lor test and repair. 2 70 35
Does not discharge 3 90 45
water
4 105 53
Pressure Vacuum X X Upright position May 115 plus 10 for
58 plus 5 for each
Breaker have valves each additional
5 or more additional fixture in
downstream. fixture in excess
Minimum of 30.5 cm
excess of 5
of 5
4 above all downstream
piping end flood level
rim oi' recejdor, May
discharge water
Reduced X X X X Horizontal unless
Pressure otherwise
Principle listed. Require 30.5-
Backflow cm mnuinum
5 clearance at bottom
Preventer
for maintenance, Muy
need platform/laddci
for test and repair.
May discharge water.
Spill-Proof X X Upright position
Pressure-Type minute of six 152 mm
Vacuum Breaker or listed distance
6 above all
downstream piping
and flood rim of
receptor
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Pressure Range = 207 to 310 kPa (30 to 45 psi)

Table 6 – 5
Meter Building
Equivalent Water Supply Fixutre Units Ite
and supply
m Maximum Allowable Length in meters
(Includes Combined Hot and Cold No.
street and
Water Demands) service branches

Number of Water mm mm 12 18 24 30 46 61 76 91 122 152 183 213 244 274 305

Supply Fixture Units 1 19 13 6 5 4 3* 2* 1* 1* 1* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
Item 14 12
Fixture (WFSU)
No. 2 19 19 16 16 * * 9* 6* 5* 5* 4* 4* 3* 2* 2* 2* 1*
Private Public
Use Use 3 19 25 29 25 23 21 17 15 13 12 10 8 6 6 6 6 6
1 Bar Sink 1 2 4 25 25 36 31 27 25 20 17 15 13 12 10 8 9 6 6 6
2 Bathtub (With or Without Shower Over) 2 4
5 25 32 54 47 42 38 32 28 25 23 29 17 14 12 12 11 11
3 Bidet 2 4
6 38 32 78 68 57 48 38 32 28 25 21 18 15 12 12 11 11
4 Dental Unit or Cupsidor - 1
15 12 10
5 Drinking Fountain (each faucet) 1 2 7 38 38 0 4 5 91 70 57 49 45 36 31 26 23 21 20 20
6 Hose Bibb or Sill Cock (Standard type) 3 5 15 12 12 11
Laundry Tub or Clothes Washer (each pair of 8 51 38 1 9 9 0 80 64 53 46 38 32 27 23 21 20 20
7 2 4 22 20 19 17 15 13 12 12
faucets)
8 1 2 9 38 51 0 5 0 6 5 8 7 0 104 85 70 61 57 54 51
Lavatory
37 32 29 26 21 18 16 14
9 Lavatory (dental) 1 1 10 51 51 0 7 2 5 7 5 4 7 125 96 70 61 57 54 51
10 Lawn Sprinkles (standard type, each head) 1 1 44 41 39 37 33 30 28 26
11 Mobile home (each) 6 6 11 51 64 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 240 220 198 175 158 143 133
12 Shower (each head) 2 4
13 Sink (bar) 1 2
Pressure Range = 317 to 413 kPa (46 to 60 psi)
14 Sink (flushing rim clinic) - 10
Meter
15 Sink or dishwasher 2 4 Building
Item and
16 Sink (wash - up circular spray) - 4 supply and Maximum Allowable Length in meters
No. street
branches
17 Sink (wash - up, each set of faucets) - 2 service
18 Urinal (flush tank) - 3 mm mm 12 18 24 30 46 61 76 91 122 152 183 213 244 274 305
19 Urinal (pedetal or similar type) - 10 1 19 13 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
20 Urinal (stall) - 5
2 19 19 20 20 19 17 14 11 9 8 6 5 4 4 3 3 3
21 Urinal (wall) - 5
3 19 25 39 39 36 33 28 23 21 19 17 14 12 10 9 8 8
22 Water closet (flsuhtank) 3 5
23 Water closet (economical flsuh) 2.5 4 4 25 25 39 39 39 36 30 25 23 20 18 15 12 10 9 8 8
24 Water closet (flushometer tank) 3 5 5 25 32 78 78 76 67 52 44 39 36 30 27 24 20 19 17 16
25 6 38 32 78 78 78 78 66 52 44 39 33 29 24 20 19 17 16
Water closet (flushometer valve) - water supply
outlets for items not listed above shall be computed * * 7 38 38 151 151 151 151 128 105 90 78 62 52 42 38 35 32 30
at their maximum demand but in case less than: 8 51 38 151 151 151 151 150 117 98 84 67 55 42 38 35 32 30
a - 9.5 mm 1 2 9 38 51 370 370 340 318 272 240 220 198 170 150 135 123 110 102 94
b - 13 mm 2 4 10 51 51 370 370 370 370 368 318 280 250 205 165 142 123 110 102 94
c - 19 mm 3 6 11 51 64 654 640 610 580 535 500 470 440 400 365 335 315 285 267 250
d - 25 mm 6 10
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