CHAPTER - 2

INTERNAL SECURITY

2.1 Internal security issues in the country Forces is done by the central
can broadly be categorized as follows: government through regular training
in the area of intelligence collection,
(a) Terrorism in the hinterland of the
response to terror incidents and
country
investigation.
(b) Left Wing Extremism (LWE) in
(b) The names of 'Terrorist
certain areas
Organizations' and 'Individuals' that
(c) Insurgency in the North Eastern indulged in terrorist activities are
States listed in the First Schedule and Fourth
Schedule to the Unlawful Activities
(d) Cross-Border terrorism in Jammu &
(Prevention) Act, 1967 respectively.
Kashmir
The Central Government has declared
2.2 During the year 2023, the internal 44 or g anizatio ns as Te r ro ri st
security situation in the country remained Organizations and 57 Individuals as
under control. The Government of India Individual Terrorists so far.
accorded due priority to enhancing internal
(c) The Ministry of Home Affairs actively
security. The principal focus on the internal
participated in the Joint Working
security front remained on maintaining Group Meetings on Counter
peace in the hinterland of the country,
Terrorism with foreign countries.
combating Left Wing Extremism, improving
the security scenario in the North Eastern (d) The Law Enforcement Agencies keep
States and countering terrorism in Jammu a close watch on the activities of
and Kashmir. While the details in respect of fundamentalist organizations and
Jammu and Kashmir are covered in Chapter- groups, having bearing on security,
XV, the security situation in respect of (a), (b) peace and public tranquility of the
and (c) areas are as under. country and take action as per
extant provisions of law, wherever
2.3 Capacity Building in Countering
necessary.
Terrorism
Institutions to strengthen Internal Security
(a) As States Police Forces are first
responders to any terrorist incident; National Investigation Agency (NIA)
capacity building of States Police
2.4 The National Investigation Agency

6
(NIA) was constituted under the NIA Act of (TFFC) Cell is functioning under the
2008 as a special agency for investigation and National Investigation Agency (NIA) to
prosecution of offences specified in the conduct focused investigation of terror
Schedule of the NIA Act. National funding and fake currency cases.
Investigation Agency is the premier
2.9 The Memorandum of Understanding
investigation agency at the Central level to
(MoU) exists between India and Bangladesh
investigate terrorism related cases including
to prevent and counter smuggling and
terrorism financing cases. The NIA, since its
circulation of fake currency notes. Training
inception, has registered 598 cases as on
programmes are conducted, for the police
31.03.2024, out of which, 461 cases have been
officials of States/UTs, to sensitize them
charge sheeted. Trial has been concluded in
about smuggling/ counterfeiting of Indian
135 cases, out of which 128 cases have
currency. Intelligence and security agencies
resulted in conviction.
of Centre and States work in tandem to keep
National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) a close watch on the elements involved in
terror funding activities and to take action as
2.5 NATGRID is conceived to be a
per law.
framework, which will leverage information
Technology to connect approved User 2.10 India is a Member of Financial Action
Agencies (security/law enforcement) with Task Force (FATF), an Inter-Governmental
designated data providers in order to Body, responsible for setting global
enhance the country's counter terrorism standards on Anti-Money Laundering
capabilities. NATGRID solution connects 11 (AML) and Combating the Financing of
Central User Agencies with 10 providing Terrorism since 25.06.2010. India is also a
Organizations. member of FATF Styled Regional Bodies
(FSRBs) on AML and CFT such as Eurasian
Combating Financing of Terrorism Cell
Group (EAG) and Asia Pacific Group (APG).
(CFT Cell)
India also participates actively in the
2.6 Combating Financing of Terrorism meetings of the BIMSTEC Sub-group on
Cell (CFT Cell) in the Ministry of Home Combating the Financing of Terrorism.
Affairs deals with the policy matters on the
Security of Holders of High Public Offices
combating of Terrorist Financing and Fake
Indian Currency Notes (FICN). 2.11 The threat from terrorist and militant
groups makes it imperative to provide
2.7 An FICN Co-ordination Centre
adequate security to holders of high public
(FCORD) is functioning in the Ministry of
offices and other persons under threat. As the
Home Affairs to share the intelligence /
threat to security of such individuals is a
information amongst the different security
dynamic phenomenon, assessment of their
agencies of the Centre/ States to counter the
security requirement is done by Ministry of
problem of circulation of fake currency notes.
Home Affairs from time to time. The security
2.8 A Terror Funding and Fake Currency arrangements are assessed by a High-Level

7
Committee to effectively counter the designs Bangalore Metro, Kochi Metro, Mumbai
of terrorists and militants and thereby ensure Metro, Jaipur Metro, Chennai Metro,
maintenance of security, public order and Lucknow Metro and Kolkata Metro) running
peace in the country. in the country is also done by CISF.

2.12 The State Governments are also Security of Vital Installations

constantly sensitized by the Ministry of
2.15 The security of vital installations in
Home Affairs about security issues
the country is primarily the responsibility of
concerning holders of high public offices and
the Union Ministry/Department or the State
their movements. In this regard, advisories
Government concerned. Ministry of Home
are communicated to them regularly, as and
Affairs advises them on security norms and
when required. Special training courses for
requirement of vital installations periodically,
police commandos are conducted in training
based on the review of existing arrangements
institutions of National Security Guard
b y the C ent ra l Sec ur i ty A g e nci e s.
(NSG), Border Security Force (BSF), Indo-
Additionally, threat inputs received about the
Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and the Central
vital installations are promptly shared with
Industrial Security Force (CISF) to equip
the State Government/Union Territory
them for such security duties.
Administration/Ministries concerned. Based
Airport Security/Delhi Metro Security on the requests received from the
Organization/Ministries, CAPFs are
2.13 In order to strengthen the security of
deployed for security of certain vital
the aviation sector, acquisition of modern
installations. Security categorization of vital
security gadgets, improved security
installations has been reviewed, and they
procedures and adequate deployment of
have been re-categorized as A, B, C, D and E, in
security personnel at airports has been given
view of their threat vulnerability and to
close attention. Administrative mechanisms
include a wider range of vital installations. At
have been put in place to deal with any
present the number of vital installations is 766.
emergent situation in consultation with the
Ministry of Civil Aviation, IB, CISF and Security of Religious Shrines/Places
others. Counter Terrorist Contingency Plan
2.16 The security of religious shrines/
(CTCP) for airports has been prepared
places in the country is primarily the
and circulated to all States/UTs for
responsibility of the State Governments/
implementation. Threat inputs received
Union Territory Administrations concerned.
about airport security are promptly shared
However, the Ministry of Home Affairs
with M/o Civil Aviation and the concerned
issues advisories and alerts for strengthening
State Government.
the security of such religious shrines/places
2.14 Security for Delhi Metro is provided to the State Governments/Union Territory
by CISF under a robust security framework. Administrations whenever any specific
Security coordination of other 8 metro threat inputs are received or strengthening of
system (Rapid Metro Rail Gurugram, security is warranted.

8
Security Clearances 2.19 The security related measures include
providing Central Armed Police Forces
2.17 Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is
(CAPFs), sanction of India Reserve (IR)
the nodal Ministry for granting security
battalions, modernization and up-gradation
clearance in the sensitive sector before issue
of the State Police, reimbursement of security
of license, permit, permission, contracts to
related expenditure under the Security
companies, bidders and individuals by the
Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme,
administrative Ministry. The objective of
strengthening of Special Intelligence
national security clearance is to evaluate
Branches (SIB) and Special Forces of the
potential security threats, including
States and fortification of Police Stations
economic threats and provide risk
under the Special Infrastructure Scheme
assessment before clearing investment and
(SIS), providing helicopters for counter-LWE
project proposals in key, sensitive sectors.
operations, assistance in training of State
The aim is to strike a balance between the
Police, sharing of intelligence, facilitating
imperative of national security on the one
inter-state coordination and Civic Action etc.
hand and facilitating ease of doing business
and promoting investment in the country on 2.20 Simultaneously, focused attention is
the other. 1199 number of proposals relating also paid to development of LWE affected
to security clearance were disposed of during areas. The GoI has launched special schemes
the period 01.01.2023 to 31.03.2024. for improving the infrastructure like road
and telecom connectivity and skill up-
GOVERNMENT'S APPROACH AND
gradation of locals. To give further impetus,
ACTION PLAN TO DEAL WITH LWE
funds are provided under the Special Central
2.18 As per Seventh Schedule of the Assistance (SCA) to most affected LWE
Constitution of India, 'Police' and 'Public districts for filling critical infrastructure gaps
order' are State subjects. The Government of in public infrastructure and services of
India (GoI) has been supplementing the urgent nature.
efforts of States affected by LWE. The GoI has
2.21 Resolute implementation of the
adopted an integrated and holistic approach
'National Policy and Action Plan' to
to deal with the LWE by addressing
Address LWE by the GoI has resulted in
the areas of Security and Development
unprecedented improvement in the LWE
and simultaneously promoting good
scenario across the country. The situation
governance. To achieve this, a 'National
and the progress is being monitored closely
Policy and Action Plan to Address Left Wing
with dynamic adaptation as per changing
Extremism' has been put in place that adopts
scenario. The effective co-ordination with
a multi-pronged strategy in the areas of
and within States, Central Forces and
Security, Development, Ensuring Rights &
Agencies, filling of security vacuum by
Entitlements of Local communities, etc. The
accelerated opening of security camps,
underlying philosophy is to enhance the
optimization by focused deployment of
capacity of State Governments to tackle the
resources, enhanced allocations, financial
LWE menace in a concerted manner.

9
choking of Maoists, creation of separate increase in neutralization of Maoists (30 to
vertical in NIA for LWE related cases for 159) as compared to corresponding period of
quality prosecution and special focus on 2023.
neutralization of top LWE leadership etc.
2.24 The overall improvement in LWE
have yielded significant achievements both
scenario can be attributed to greater presence
in terms of sharp reduction in LWE related
and increased capacity of the Security Forces
violence incidents and constriction of LWE
across the LWE affected States, better
geographical spread. There has been an
operational strategy and better monitoring of
overall 48% reduction in violent incidents
development schemes in affected areas.
(1136 to 594) and 65% reduction (397 to 138)
in the resultant deaths (Civilians and 2.25 The geographical spread of LWE
Security Forces) in LWE violence in 2023 as violence has also been shrinking
compared to 2013. considerably. In 2023, LWE violence was
reported from 171 PSs in 42 districts as
2.22 In 2023 there has been a slight increase
compared to 328 PSs in 76 districts in 2013.
in number of resultant deaths and casualties
The arc of violence has been considerably
to Security Forces when compared with the
restricted with just 25 districts accounting
corresponding period in 2022, primarily due
91% of the LWE violence. The CPI (Maoist)
to extensive operations in core Maoist's
continues to be the most potent among the
areas. During the period, the various
various LWE outfits in the country and
measures adopted by Governments and the
accounted for more than 90% of total
developmental outreach by the GoI has seen
violent incidents and 95% of resultant
an increasingly large number of LWE cadres
deaths. Amidst increasing reverses, the CPI
shunning the path of violence and returning
(Maoist) has been making efforts to expand
to the mainstream. In 2023, Chhattisgarh,
to new areas along inter-state borders, albeit
remained the worst affected State and
without any significant success.
constituted for 63% of the total LWE related
violence incidents and 66% of the resultant Specific Measures taken by the Central
deaths. Jharkhand was second most affected Government to Combat LWE
State with 27% of the LWE related violence
2.26 Ban on CPI (Maoist): The CPI
incidents and of the 23% of the resultant
(Maoist) which is the major Left-Wing
deaths. The remaining incidents of violence
Extremist organization responsible for most
and resultant deaths are reported from
incidents of violence/ casualties, has been
Maharashtra, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh,
included in the Schedule of Terrorist
Bihar and Kerala.
Organisations, along with all its formations
2.23 During first half of 2024, the LWE and front organizations under the existing
situation has witnessed quantum positive Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967.
jump (1.7 times) in Security Forces
2.27 Strengthening the Intelligence
initiated operations (59 to 103) which have
Mechanism: In order to counter the growing
consequently resulted in more than five fold

10
challenge of LWE activities, several steps 2.30 Indian Reserve (IR)/Special India
have been taken to strengthen and upgrade Reserve Battalion (SIRB): The Left-Wing
the capabilities of intelligence agencies at the Extremism affected States have been
Central and State level. This includes round sanctioned India Reserve (IR) battalions,
the clock intelligence sharing through Multi mainly to strengthen security apparatus at
Agency Centre (MAC) at the Central level their level and also to enable the States to
and State Multi Agency Centre (SMAC) at provide gainful employment to youth,
the State level, setting up of Joint Command particularly in the LWE affected areas. 67
and Control Centre at Jagdalpur and Gaya, India Reserve (IR) Battalions/Special India
strengthening of Technical and Human Reserve Battalion (SIRB) were sanctioned to
intelligence, better cooperation amongst the 10 LWE affected States of which 53 have been
Security Forces, district police and raised
intelligence agencies, thrust on generation of
2.31 Schemes of MHA in LWE affected
real time intelligence and creation as well as
areas: The following Schemes are being
strengthening of State Intelligence Bureaus
implemented by the LWE Division, MHA in
(SIBs) in the LWE affected states for which
LWE affected areas:
Central assistance is provided through the
SIS. (a) Security Related Expenditure (SRE)
Scheme: The Government of India
2.28 Better Inter-State coordination: The
reimburses the LWE affected State
area of operations of CPI (Maoist) cadres is
Governments the security related
not confined to a single State but is spread
expenditure incurred on ex-gratia
over several States. Therefore, better inter-
payment to the family of civilian/
state coordination is essential. The GoI has
security forces killed in LWE violence,
taken a number of steps to improve inter-
training and operational needs of
state meetings and interactions between the
security forces, rehabilitation of
bordering districts of LWE affected States.
surrendered LWE cadres, community
2.29 Tackling the problem of Improvised policing, compensation for property
Explosive Devices (IEDs): Majority of damage, village defence committees
casualties to Security Forces in anti-LWE etc. The scheme has been further
operations are caused by IEDs. The Ministry strengthened with the increased
of Home Affairs continues to support outlay. In addition, new items like
extensive counter-IED capacity building of compensation for the security
CAPFs and State Police Forces. The Ministry personnel permanently incapacitated
of Home Affairs has also issued a Standard and property damage have been
Operating Procedure (SOP) on 'Issues included in 2017. The SRE Scheme
Related to Explosives/IEDs/Landmines in would enhance the capacity of LWE
LWE Affected Areas' to promote best affected States to fight the LWE
practices in IED management. menace. Rs. 400 crore has been
released in the financial year 2023-24.

11
(b) Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS) Government has approved this
including construction of 250 Scheme on 27.09.2017 as a sub-
Fortified Police Stations in LWE scheme of the Umbrella Scheme,
af f e c t e d S t at es : T he S c h em e 'Modernization of Police Forces'.
approved in 2017 is being Under the scheme, funds are
implemented for strengthening of the provided to the States to fill the critical
State Intelligence Branches (SIBs) and gaps in public infrastructure and
Special Forces of the States as well as Services in the most LWE affected
fortification of 250 Police Stations @ districts. Presently, there are 25 most
₹ 2.5 crore per Police Station. The LWE affected districts across 08
Government has approved ₹ 991 crore States. The scheme has been extended
( S pe c i al F o r ce s ( S F s) / S pe ci al till 31.03.2026. Till now ₹ 3450 crore
Intelligence Branches (SIBs) for ₹ 371 have been released under the scheme.
crore in 10 States and 250 Fortified
Police Stations (FPS) for ₹ 620 crore in (e) Assistance to Central Agencies for
LWE Management Scheme
7 States). ₹364.60 crore has been
(ACALWEMS): Under the scheme
released to States under the scheme
funds are provided to the CAPFs/
since 2017-18 and construction of 206
Central agencies for hiring of
FPSs has been completed (up to
helicopters by CRPF, payment of bills
31.03.2024). The scheme has been
pertaining to air-lift provided by
extended till 31.03.2026 with an
Indian Air Force for counter LWE
overall outlay of ₹1160 crore.
operations and for infrastructure
(c) Civic Action Programme (CAP): support to CAPFs. The Scheme has
Under this Scheme, financial grants are been extended up to 31.03.2026. In the
provided to the Central Armed Police year 2023-24, ₹ 100 crore has been
Forces (CAPFs) to undertake various released.
welfare activities in the LWE affected
(f) Media Plan Scheme in LWE affected
areas. Now this scheme has been
a r e a s : T h i s s c h em e i s b e i n g
extended up to 2025-26 as a sub scheme
implemented in LWE affected areas
of Umbrella Scheme “Modernization
since 2009-10. The scheme has been
of Police Forces”. Civic activities like
extended up to 2025-26 as a sub
Organizing of Health Camps, Human
schem e of Umbrella Scheme
Resources Development- Vocational
“Modernization of Police Forces”.
Training/Skill Training etc. are being
tak e n up b y CA P F s i n the ir The Tribal Youth Exchange Programme
deployment areas in the welfare of the (TYEP) is being organizing by the Ministry of
local people. Home Affairs for the last 15 years through
Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS),
(d) Special Central Assistance (SCA) for
the most LWE affected Districts: The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. 25,880

12
tribal youth participated in the 14 TYEP Monitoring Mechanism:
organized between 2006-07 and 2022-23.
2.32 MHA monitors the LWE situation on
23,900 youth participated in the last 9
a regular basis at the level of the Union Home
years (2014-15 to 2022-23). The
Minister, Home Secretary and Special
participation increased exponentially in
Secretary/ Additional Secretary.
last 04 years from annual participation of
200 youth at 10 venues to 5200 youth at 26 2.33 S c h e m e s / i n i t i a t i v e s b e i n g
venues. implemented by different Ministries/
Departments in the LWE affected areas:
The programme aims at:
(a) Road Requirement Plan-I (RRP-I):
(i) Combating the false propaganda
The Government approved this
being spread by the CPI (Maoists)
scheme on 26.02.2009 for improving
against the government.
road connectivity in LWE affected
(ii) Increasing aspiration of youth in areas areas. 5,361 km roads and 8 critical
affected by Left Wing Extremism and bridges were sanctioned under the
to make them aware of developmental scheme, of which, 5,148 km roads & 8
activities, industrial growth and bridges have been completed.
employment opportunities.
(b) Road Connectivity Project for Left
(iii) Sensitizing them about India's rich Wing Extremism Affected Areas:
cultural heritage and deepening the This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was
faith of the democratic system. Also, approved by the Government on
to develop an emotional connect of 28.12.2016 to improve the rural road
these young people with other groups connectivity in the most LWE affected
in the country. districts. M/o Rural Development is
t he s po ns or in g / i mp l eme nt i ng
The activities include, various items under Ministry of the Project. As on date,
Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, speech 12,163 km (1345 road & 705 bridges)
competition, skill development, career with an estimate cost of ₹ 12,166 Cr.
guidance, industry exposure, camps of have been sanctioned. Of which 8,904
security forces, cultural performances etc. km length (826 roads & 393 bridges)
are also organized. have been completed.
To motivate the tribal youth from the LWE (c) Telecom Projects in LWE affected
affected areas, luminaries from various fields areas: For improving telecom/mobile
attend the programme. This year Hon'ble connectivity in LWE affected areas,
President Shrimati Draupadi Murmu, 13,412 mobile towers have been
Hon'ble Home Minister Shri Amit Shah were sanctioned under schemes, viz.,
among the notable people attending the Mobile Connectivity Project in LWE
programme. affected areas Phase-I and Phase-II,

13
 Provision of 4G based mobile services 2021, 01 new ITI has been approved
in uncovered villages of Aspirational for Mandla, Madhya Pradesh. Total
Districts and saturation of 4G mobile number became 48 ITIs& 68 SDCs
services in uncovered villages. Of this, have been sanctioned. Of which, 36
o v e r 4 29 3 t o w er s h a v e b ee n I TIs and 59 SD Cs have bee n
commissioned. constructed.

(d) Under provision of 'The Scheduled (f) The Department of School Education
Tribes and Other Traditional Forest & Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Ed ucati on sancti oned 11 new
Rights) Act, 2006', title deeds are KendriyaVidyalayas (KVs) & 06
distributed to the individuals and Navodaya Vidyalayas to ensure
community to ensure their livelihood, coverage in all erstwhile most affected
food security and protect their rights districts. All of these 11 KVs &
on the forest land in 10 LWE affected Navodaya Vidyalayas have been
States, namely Andhra Pradesh, opened.
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
(g) For Financial Inclusion of the local
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
populace in LWE affected areas
Odisha, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and
particularly the 25 most LWE affected
West Bengal. 39,62,781 claims were
district, Bank Branches, ATMs,
received and 21,11,321 title deeds
Banking Correspondents (BCs) and
were distributed to individuals and
Post Offices are being opened by
communities.
Department of Financial Services
(e) Skill Development Scheme in 48 (DFS) and Department of Posts (DOP).
districts affected by LWE: M/o Skill DFS has opened 2796 Bank branches,
Development & Entrepreneurship is 2061 ATMs and 32294 BCs in 25 most
the implementing agency of this LWE affected districts up to March
scheme with an aim to create 2024. DOP has opened 4903 Post
infrastructure and provide Offices in LWE affected districts.
employment-linked skill training to
(h) For imparting quality education to the
youths in LWE affected areas.
students in tribal areas Ministry of
Initially, 34 districts were covered
Tribal Affairs (MoTA) is opening
with 34 Industrial Training Institutes
Eklavya Model Residential Schools
(ITIs) (one ITI per district) and 38 Skill
(EMRS). During the last 05 years MHA
Development Centre (SDCs) (2SDCs
has special focus on the scheme and
per district). In 2016, 13 new ITIs in 13
has closely worked with the MoTA for
new districts were added to cover all
expeditious implementation of this
the then most affected districts,
scheme in LWE affected areas. In LWE
Number of SDCs remained the same.
affected areas, 165 EMRSs have been
On the initiative of MHA, in April,

14
 sanctioned after May, 2019 itself in optimistic of eradicating the LWE problem
comparison to 89 sanctioned during through the strategic vision articulated
the 22-year period prior to that. Till above.
date, 254 EMRSs have been sanctioned
NORTH EAST:
in LWE affected areas. Of these, 130
are functional. Introduction

2.34 The Government of India has been 2.35 The North Eastern Region (NER)
addressing the menace holistically by comprises of eight States viz. Arunachal
adopting the multipronged approach and Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya,
the results have been encouraging. LWE Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura.
theatre has witnessed a consistent decline in This region is culturally and ethnically
violence and considerable shrinkage in diverse having more than 200 ethnic groups
geographical spread in the last 6 years. which have distinct languages, dialects and
However, it is clear that the Maoists do not socio-cultural identities. The Region covers
want root causes like under development 7.97% of the country's geographical area and
addressed in a meaningful manner since they 3.78% of its population. It has 5,484 km of
resort to targeting school buildings, roads, international border viz. Bangladesh (1,880
railways, bridges, health infrastructure, km), Myanmar (1,643 km), China (1,346 km),
communication facilities etc. in a major way. Bhutan (516 km) and Nepal (99 km). The
They wish to keep the population in their terrain, the state of socio-economic
are as of influence marginalized to development and historical factors such as
perpetuate their outdated ideology. language/ethnicity, tribal rivalry, migration,
Consequently, the process of development control over local resources and long and
has been set back by decades in many parts of porous international borders have resulted
the country under LWE influence. This needs in a fragile security situation in the North
to be recognized by the civil society and the Eastern States. This has resulted in violence,
media to build pressure on the Maoists to extortion and diverse demands by various
eschew violence, join the mainstream and Indian Insurgent Groups (IIGs) which
recognize the fact that the socio-economic maintain safe havens/camps in neighboring
and political dynamics and aspirations of countries. Basic data regarding area and
21stCentury India are far removed from the population of NE States is as under:
Maoist world-view. The Government is

States Area (sqkm) Population (as per Density of

Census 2011) Population
(per sqkm)
Arunachal 83,743 13,83,727 17
Pradesh
Assam 78,438 3,12,05,576 398
Manipur 22,327 28,55,794 115

15
 Meghalaya 22,429 29,66,889 132
Mizoram 21,081 10,97,206 52
Nagaland 16,579 19,78,502 119
Sikkim 7,096 6,10,577 86
Tripura 10,486 36,73,917 350
Total NE 2,62,179 4,57,72,188 173
All India 32,87,263 1,21,08,54,977 382

Measures taken by Government to deal AFSPA has been reduced to 3 Police Station
with Insurgency areas in Namsai district besides Tirap,
Changlang and Longding districts.
2.36 Though Law & Order is a State
subject, the Central Government is 2.38 To curb the illegal and unlawful
supplementing effor ts of the State activities by insurgent groups of North
Governments for curbing the illegal and Eastern States, a total of 16 insurgent
unlawful activities of insurgent groups organizations of NE States (Assam-3,
of North Eastern States through various Manipur-8, Meghalya-2, Tripura-2 and
measures. These include deployment Nagaland-1) are declared as “unlawful
of Central Armed Police Forces, association” and/or “terrorist organization”
re imbur se ment of Security Related under The Unlawful Activities (Prevention)
Expenditure (SRE) to the State Governments Act (UAPA), 1967. The ban on ATTF & NLFT
under SRE Scheme, Central assistance to the groups of Tripura and Meitei extremist
State Governments for modernization of organizations of Manipur as "unlawful
State police forces, sanction of India association" has been extended for a further
Reserve Battalions, banning the unlawful period of 5 years up to 02.10.2028 and
associations operating in NE Region under 12.11.2028 vide MHA's Notifications dated
The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 03.10.2023 and 13.11.2023 respectively. A list
1967 (UAPA) and declaring specific of unlawful associations/terrorist
areas/States as 'disturbed areas' under The organizations of North Eastern Region is at
Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 Annexure-III.
(AFSPA).
2.39 T he C en tr al Gover nment has
2.37 Due to significant improvement in the deployed Central Armed Police Forces
security situation in North Eastern States, (CAPFs) to aid the State authorities for
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 carrying out counter insurgency operations
(AFSPA) has been removed completely from and providing security to vulnerable
all districts except 4 districts of Assam, 19 institutions and installations. 344 Coys of
Police Station areas in 7 districts of Manipur CAPFs are deployed for border guarding
and 18 Police Station areas in 8 districts of duties along the international borders of
Nagaland in 2023. In Arunachal Pradesh, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh and

16
Myanmar with NE States. 684 Coys of CAPFs a. raising of India Reserve Battalions,
are deployed in the North Eastern States for b. logistics provided to the CAPFs/
Internal Security and Counter Insurgency Army deployed in the State,
Operations. Further, the Government of
c. ex-gratia grant and gratuitous relief to
India is assisting the State Governments for
the victims of extremist violence,
augmenting and upgrading their police
forces to deal with insurgency. Towards this d. honorarium paid to Village Guards/
end, 62 India Reserve Battalions (IR Bns) Village Defence Committees/Home
have been sanctioned for the NE States. Guards deployed for security
These include 11 Battalions each for Assam, purposes,
Manipur and Tripura, 7 each for Arunachal e. maintenance of designated camps set
Pradesh and Nagaland, 6 for Meghalaya, 5 up for groups with whom the Central
for Mizoram and 4 for Sikkim. Government/State Governments
have entered into agreement for
2.40 The Central Government has been
Suspension of Operations,
pursuing a policy of talks/negotiations with
such insurgent groups which abjure f. surrendered insurgents and their
violence, lay down arms and seek solutions rehabilitation and
for their problems peacefully within the g. expenditure incurred on POL (petrol,
framework of Constitution of India. As a oil and lubricants) in operations.
result, a number of outfits have come
Reimbursement made to North Eastern
forward for talks with Government and have
States under SRE scheme from financial
entered into Suspension of Operations (SoO)
years 2015-16 to 2023-24 is at Annexure-IV.
and most of them have signed Memorandum
of Settlement (MoS) and dissolved 2.42 The Ministry of Home Affairs has
themselves. Those who are not in talks are been implementing a policy for Surrender-
being dealt with by the Central Armed Police cum-Rehabilitation of insurgents in North
Forces, Armed Forces and the State Police East w.e.f. 01.01.1998 to wean away the
through Counter-Insurgency Operations. misguided youth who strayed into the fold of
insurgency and later find themselves
2.41 The Central Government has been
trapped into that net. The Scheme also seeks
implementing a scheme for reimbursement
to ensure that insurgents, who have
of Security Related Expenditure (SRE) for
surrendered, do not find it attractive to join
the States seriously affected by insurgency
insurgency again. The scheme has been
since 1995. The scheme is being
revised w.e.f. 01.04.2018 for six NE States
implemented in all NE States except
(except Sikkim and Mizoram). Under the
Mizoram and Sikkim. Under the scheme,
policy, following benefits are to be extended
the expenditure on the following security
to surrendered insurgents: -
related items is shared between the Centre
and the State concerned: - a. An immediate grant of ₹ 4 lakh to each

17
 surrenderee, which is to be kept in the CAPFs conduct Civic Action Programme.
name of the surrenderee as Fixed Under this Programme, various welfare/
Deposit in a bank for a period of 3 developmental activities are undertaken like
years. This money can be utilized as holding of medical camps, sanitation drives,
collateral security/margin money sports meet, distribution of study material to
against loan to be availed by the children, minor repairs of school buildings,
surrenderee from the bank for self- roads, bridges and running adult education
employment. centres etc. Details of fund released to
CAPFs/Army under Civic Action
b. Payment of stipend of ₹ 6,000/- per
Programme from financial years 2015-16 to
month to each surrenderee for a
2023-24 are at Annexure-V.
period of three years.
c. Incentives for weapons/ 2.44 In order to provide connectivity to
ammunitions surrendered by the remote areas of NER, Helicopter subsidy
insurgents. scheme is being administered by MHA in the
NE States of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya,
d. Vocational training to the Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Mizoram and
surrenderees for self-employment. Manipur. It further aims to provide
e. Funds for construction of affordable passenger transport in NER,
rehabilitation camps. evacuation during natural calamities and for
urgent medical evacuation etc. MHA bears
f. 90% of total expenditure incurred on
75% of total cost of operation; after deducting
rehabilitation of surrenderees is
reimbursed under SRE Scheme to NE passenger recovery or flat 20% of actual
operation cost, whichever is more. In view of
States.
prevailing law and order situation in
Pursuant to this policy of the Government, Manipur, one additional helicopter with
many cadres of various insurgent groups of annual ceiling of 430 hours, has been
NE Region have surrendered and joined the sanctioned for the State in February, 2024.
mainstream of the society. For the purpose of restricting subsidy,
annual ceiling of flying hours has been fixed
2.43 In order to win the hearts of local
for the helicopter service operating in these
populace and boost the image of armed
States as tabulated below:
forces among the common people, Army and

18
Year-wise details of expenditure/fund 2.46 In 2023, a total of 243 insurgency
released for Helicopter Services in NE States related incidents registered in NE region in
from financial years 2015-16 to 2023-24 is at which 38 civilians and 8 Security Force (SF)
Annexure-VI. personnel lost their lives. Counter
Insurgency Operations led to neutralization
Security Situation in North East
of 40 insurgents, arrest of 407 insurgents and
2.45 The security situation in the North recovery of 147 arms in the region. A total of
Eastern States has improved substantially 1,595 cadres of various insurgent outfits of
since 2014. Compared to 2014, there has been NE States surrendered with 459 arms and
71% reduction in insurgency incidents, 60% joined the mainstream of the society.
in Security Forces casualties and 82% in
2.47 The profile of violence in North Eastern
Civilian deaths in 2023.
Region as a whole since 2014 is given below:

19
2.48 The States of Meghalaya, Mizoram, Bodo areas in Assam.
Sikkim and Tripura remained by and large
2.52 A Memorandum of Settlement (MoS)
peaceful. There is a marked improvement in
was signed on 04.09.2021 be twee n
security situation in other States of the
Government of India, Government of Assam
region. The State-wise violence profile of
and representatives of Karbi Groups
North Eastern States since 2014 is at
(KLNLF, PDCK, UPLA, KPLT) to end the
Annexure-VII.
decades old crisis in Karbi Anglong area of
Assam Assam. With this historic agreement, over
1000 armed cadres have abjured violence and
2.49 The major insurgent outfit presently
joined the mainstream of society. A Special
active in parts of Assam is United Liberation
Development Package of ₹ 1,000 crore (₹500
Front of Assam (Independent) (ULFA/I).
crore by GoI and ₹500 crore by Government
2.50 UPDS (United People's Democratic of Assam) is being provided to undertake
Solidarity) signed Memorandum of specific projects for the development of
Settlement (MoS) on 25.11.2011 and Karbi areas of Assam.
subsequently dissolved itself. DHD (Dima
2.53 A Memorandum of Settlement (MoS)
Halam Daogah) signed MoS on 08.10.2012
was signed on 15.09.2022 be twee n
and subsequently dissolved itself.
Government of India, Government of Assam
2.51 A Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) and representatives of 8 Adivasi Groups
was si gned on 27.01.2020 betw een (BCF, ACMA, AANLA, APA, STF, AANLA/
Government of India, Government of Assam FG, BCF/ BT and ACMA/ FG) to end the
and representatives of Bodo Groups including decades old crisis of Adivasis and tea garden
National Democratic Front of Bodoland/ workers in Assam. With this historic
Progressive (NDFB/P), NDFB/Ranjan Agreement, 1182 cadres of tribal groups of
Diamary, NDFB/ Saoraigwra, United Bodo Assam have joined the mainstream by laying
Peoples' Organization (UBPO) and All Bodo down arms. As per MoS, a Special
Students' Union (ABSU) to solve the long Development Package of ₹1,000 crore over
pending Bodo issue. Following the signing of five years (₹500 crore by GoI and ₹500 crore
MoS with Bodo groups, a total of 1,615 cadres by Government of Assam) is being provided
consisting of 836 cadres of NDFB(P), 579 for development of infrastructure in Adivasi
cadres of NDFB(RD) and 200 cadres of inhabited villages/areas of Assam.
NDFB(S) along with huge quantity of arms
2.54 A Memorandum of Settlement (MoS)
and ammunition surrendered in a surrender
was signed on 27.04.2023 be twee n
ceremony held on 30.01.2020 at Guwahati. The
Government of India, Government of Assam
NDFB groups disbanded themselves on 9th –
and representatives of Dimasa National
10th March, 2020. A Special Development
Liberation Army/ Dimasa Peoples' Supreme
Package (SDP) for ₹1,500 crore (₹750 crore by
Council (DNLA/DPSC) of Assam to end the
GoI and ₹750 crore by Government of Assam)
insurgency in Dima Hasao District of Assam.
is being provided for overall development of

20
As a result, 181 cadres of DNLA have joined remaining 6 areas of difference. Demarcation
the mainstream by laying down their arms of boundary is being carried out by Survey of
on 28.10.2023. A Special Development India in consultation with both States as per
Package of ₹1,000 crore (₹500 crore by GoI MoU.
and ₹500 crore by Government of Assam)
2.57 A Memorandum of Understanding
will be provided over five years for all round
(MoU) was signed at New Delhi on
development of NCHAC as well as Dimasa
20.04.2023 by the Chief Minister of Assam
people residing in other parts of the State.
and the Chief Minister of Arunachal
2.55 A Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) Pradesh to settle the long-pending inter-
was signed on 29.12.2023 be tween state border dispute between Assam and
Government of India, Government of Assam Arunachal Pradesh in respect of 123
and representatives of United Liberation villages. Hon'ble Union Home Minister
Front of Assam (ULFA). As per Agreement, presided over the signing of this historic
ULFA has agreed to abjure the path of agreement. Both States have agreed that
violence, surrender all arms/ammunition, this agreement will be final with regard to
disband their armed organization and join 123 disputed villages and neither of the
the peaceful democratic process as States will make any new claim related to
established by the law and uphold the any area or village in future. Demarcation of
integrity of the country. Following the boundary is being carried out by Survey of
signing of agreement, ULFA group India in consultation with both States as per
disbanded themselves on 23.01.2024. A MoU.
Special Development Package of ₹5,000 crore
2.58 In 2023, 8 insurgency related incidents
(₹3,000 crore by GoI and ₹ 2,000 crore by
were registered in the State. There has been
Govt. of Assam) will be provided over five
no civilian/ SF personnel death in
years for various developmental initiatives/
insurgency incidents. Counter Insurgency
projects in the State of Assam.
Operations led to neutralization of 4
2.56 A Memorandum of Understanding insurgents, arrest of 21 insurgents and
(MoU) was signed in New Delhi on 29.03.2022 recovery of 11arms. A total of 1,445 cadres of
by the Chief Minister of Assam and the Chief insurgent outfits of Assam surrendered with
Minister of Meghalaya to resolve the decades 397 arms and joined the mainstream of the
long problem of inter-state boundary between society.
the States of Assam and Meghalaya in respect
Tripura
of six areas of difference out of total twelve
areas of difference. This Agreement will 2.59 The State of Tripura has remained by
benefit people living in the area and ensure and large peaceful. The activities of UG
long lasting peace and boost development. outfit, National Liberation Front of Twipra/
Both States have constituted Regional Biswamohan (NLFT/ B) have been
Committees to finalize settlement of contained.

21
2.60 A Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) for resettlement of Bru (Reang) in Tripura. As
between Government of India, Government per Agreement, each resettled Bru family
of Tripura and National Liberation Front of would be given financial assistance of ₹ 4
Twipra led by Sh. Sabir Kumar Debbarma lakh in fixed deposit, free ration for 2 years,
(NLFT/ SD) was signed on 10.08.2019. As a ₹5,000/- per month for 2 years, housing
result, 88 cadres surrendered with 44 arms on assistance @ ₹ 1.50 lakh and plot of land
13.08.2019. A sum of ₹80 crore has been measuring 30x40 [Link]. The rehabilitation of
released so far to Government of Tripura Bru in Tripura has achieved remarkable
against Special Economic Development progress. All the identified 6,935 Bru families
Package (SEDP) of ₹100 crore under the said have been shifted to 12 resettlement locations
agreement. and 6,206 houses have been completed till
31.03.2024. Timeline of Bru agreement has
2.61 An agreement was signed between
been extended upto 29.08.2024. The
Government of India, Government of
following grants has been provided to
Mizoram, Government of Tripura and Bru
Government of Tripura since FY 2020-21 for
Representative Organisations on 16.01.2020
Bru rehabilitation: -

2.62 A tripartite agreement was signed partially active in the State is Hynniewtrep
between Government of India, Government National Liberation Council (HNLC).
of Tripura and The Indigenous Progressive
2.64 A Memorandum of Settlement (MoS)
Regional Alliance/TIPRA, popularly known
between the Government of India, the State
as Tripra Motha, on 02.03.2024 at New Delhi.
Government of Meghalaya and the ANVC
Under the agreement, it was agreed to
(Achik National Volunteer Council) and
amicably resolve all issues of indigenous
ANVC/B was signed on 24.09.2014. The
people of Tripura relating to history, land
ANVC and ANVC/B have dissolved on
and political rights, economic development,
15.12.2014.
identity, culture and language. Besides, it
was agreed to constitute a Joint Working Nagaland
Group/Committee to work out and
2.65 The National Socialist Council of
implement the mutually agreed points on all
Nagaland (NSCN) spilt in 1988 into groups-
the above-mentioned issues in a time-bound
NSCN-(IM) led by Isak C Swu and Th.
manner to ensure an honorable solution.
Muivah and NSCN(K) led by S.S Khaplang, a
Meghalaya Naga from Myanmar. Government of India
signed a formal ceasefire agreement with
2.63 The State of Meghalaya has remained
Isak-Muivah group of NSCN in 1997 and it
by and large peaceful. The insurgent outfit
was extended indefinitely since 2007. GoI

22
and NSCN(IM) signed a Framework signed between the Government of India, the
Agreement on 03.08.2015. Presently various Government of Manipur and the United
factions of NSCN viz. NSCN(NK), NSCN(R), National Liberation Front (UNLF), marking
NSCN(K-Khango) and NSCN(K)Niki group a pivotal moment in the search for peace in
are under ceasefire with GoI. Currently Manipur through political dialogue. This
factions of NSCN/K led by Yung Aung and historic accord saw the UNLF, the oldest
Angmai, largely based in Myanmar, remain valley-based armed group in Manipur,
active. commit to renouncing violence and
embracing the Constitution of India and the
2.66 In 2023, there have been 35 insurgency
rule of law. It was for the first time that a
related incidents in the State in which 1
valley-based Manipuri armed group agreed
civilian was killed. There has been no SF
to return to mainstream.
personnel death in insurgency incidents.
Further, 1 insurgent has been neutralized, 2.71 In 2023, the State of Manipur
161insurgents have been arrested and 68 witnessed an increase in violent incidents
arms have been recovered from them. owing to the prevailing ethnic strife between
Meitei and Kuki communities in the State
Arunachal Pradesh
and the resultant increase in the casualties of
2.67 The State of Arunachal Pradesh does civilians and SF personnel as compared to
not have any active indigenous insurgent 2022. The State accounted for about 77% of
group. The State is affected by spill-over the total violent incidents in NER in 2023
insurgency of factions of NSCN and ULFA (Manipur: 187, entire NE: 243). The counter
(Independent) in Tirap, Changlang and insurgency operations resulted in killing of
Longding districts. 33 insurgents and arrest of 184 insurgents
with recovery of 49 weapons. Further, 80
2.68 In 2023, 13 insurgency related
cadres of insurgent outfits surrendered with
incidents were registered in the State in
31 arms.
which 2 civilians and 1 SF personnel were
killed. Counter Insurgency Operations led to Ethnic strife in Manipur
neutralization of 2 insurgents, arrest of 25
insurgents and recovery of 18 arms. Further, (i) Large-scale ethnic violence erupted
42 cadres of insurgent outfits surrendered between the Meitei and Kuki
with 26 arms. communities in Manipur on
03.05.2023. The violence resulted in
Manipur numerous casualties, injuries, and
2.69 The State of Manipur is affected by incidents of arson. Though the issue of
activities of Meitei, Naga, Kuki, Zomi, Hmar vi ol en ce pr im ar i ly r el ate s t o
insurgent groups. maintenance of public order, which is
a subject in State List of the Seventh
2.70 On 29.11.2023, a significant peace Schedule of the Constitution of India,
agreement on agreed ground rules was the Central Government has been

23
 consistently extending its support, as Government officers, officers of
required by the State Government. security forces, political leaders and
The Central Government took a series more than 100 members of civil
of immediate and sustained actions to society organizations. Further, as per
handle the situation. Immediate the directions of Hon'ble Union Home
action was initiated by engaging Minister, the Hon'ble Minister of State
with top officials of Manipur, ( H o m e) , S h r i N i t y a n a n d R ai
progressively deploying additional monitored the proceedings in this
Companies of CAPFs and Army/ regard by staying in Manipur from
Assam Rifles columns, deploying May 25 to June 17, 2023.
h e l i c o p t e r s a n d d r o n e s , an d
implementing a unified command (iii) Government of India appointed a
system. Efforts were made to Commission of Inquiry on 04.06.2023
evacuate students and residents to headed by a retired Chief Justice of
safer locations and conduct High Court, to inquire, inter-alia, into
alternative classes for affected the causes and spread of the violence.
students. Through this inquiry, the sequence of
events leading to and all the facts
(ii) The Hon'ble Union Home Minister relating to such large-scale violence
visited the violence affected areas and w i l l b e b r o ug ht o ut b e s i d e s
r e ha b i l i t at i o n c en t r es d ur i ng identifying those responsible for the
29 . 0 5. 2 02 3 t o 0 1. 0 6. 2 0 23 a nd violence.
announced a number of decisions to
(iv) In view of the prevailing law & order
restore peace and security in the state
situation due to ethnic clash in
after reviewing the situation. During
Manipur, the Central Government has
this period, Union Home Minister
extended special assistance to the State
held more than 15 meetings with
Government as below: -

₹
₹

₹ ₹

₹
₹

24
(v) Necessary and concerted efforts are Higher Studies (b) Construction of 1st
underway to restore peace and house property and (c) costly medical
normalcy. treatment. The District Authority
makes the payment in the first
Sikkim and Mizoram
instance and subsequently the same is
2.72 The States of Sikkim and Mizoram are reimbursed by the Ministry of Home
free from insurgency. Affairs.

VTV Section 3. To make the CSACV Scheme simpler

and beneficiary friendly, CSACV
2.73 Central Scheme for Assistance to
portal has been launched w.e.f.
Civilian Victims/Family of Victims of
01.08.2022. State Governments can
Terrorist/ Communal/ LWE Violence and
send their proposals for
Cross Border Firing and Mine/ IED Blasts
on Indian Territory (CSACV) reimbursement to this Ministry on
this portal. As a proactive step, Crime
1. With the objective to provide financial and Criminal Tracking Network and
assistance to the affected civilian Systems (CCTNS) portal has been
victims/families of victims as an integrated to CSACV portal so that
immediate help, Ministry of Home information of incidents, which may
Affairs administers a Scheme called as come under the purview of this
“Central Scheme for Assistance to Scheme, is reflected on the portal. The
Civilian Victims/ Family of Victims data on CSACV portal is also shared
of Terrorist/ Communal / Left Wing with National Foundation for
Extremism (LWE) Violence, Cross Communal Harmony (NFCH) to
Border Firing and Mine/ IED Blasts facilitate implementation of Project
on Indian Territory (CSACV)”. The “ASSIST” under which financial
Scheme is in operation since assistance for education is provided
01.04.2008. to the eligible children.
2. Under This Scheme, a financial 4. In the period from 01.01.2023 to
assistance of ₹ 3 lakh for incidents 31.03.2024, an expenditure of ₹13.381
occurred before 24/08/2016 and ₹ 5 crore has been incurred under
lakh for incidents occurred on or after CSACV Scheme.
24/08/2016, is being provided to the
Civilian Victims/Next of Kin of 2.74 Regulations of Arms and
Civilian victims. 50% of which is Ammunitions.
deposited in Saving Bank Account i. 21 nos. of licences for manufacturing
and 50% in Fixed Deposit with a lock- and/or proof-test of arms and/or
in-period of 3 years. Condition of ammunition have been issued from
lock-in-period may be dispensed with 1.03.2023 to 31.03.2024
under three circumstances – (a)

25
ii. Arms Section has issued 69 nos. of as for taking away firearms from
licences for the restricted category for police or armed forces, involvement
the possession of Individual category in organized crime syndicate, illicit
firearm during the period 1.03.23 up trafficking including smuggled
to 31.03.24. f i r ea r ms o f f o r ei g n ma k e or
prohibited arms and prohibited
iii. Arms Section is currently dealing
ammunition, use of firearms in rash
with 41 (as of 31.03.2024) court cases
a n d ne g l i g e n t m a nn e r o r i n
including 05 SLP in Supreme Court.
celebratory gunfire endangering
Counter Affidavit have been filed in
human life.
all aforesaid cases.
(b) Limitation on the number of weapons
iv. Arms Section maintains NDAL-ALIS
that can be held by a person was
portal. This portal allows for 29 online
brought down from three to two
services related to licence for arms &
weapons (any calibre or bore).
ammunition. The entire process of
grant of manufacturing licence for (c) Unique Identification Number (UIN)
arms and ammunition is now an online has been made mandatory for
paperless process. The process for possession of firearms licences.
making/accepting online applications
2.75 Sikh Jatha visited to Gurudwaras in
for grant of individual arms and
Pakistan:
ammunition licence is in trial phase.
Under the bilateral protocol signed between
v. Arms Section have formulated
India and Pakistan in 1974, 4117 pilgrims
stringent regulation for curbing
were facilitated by this Ministry to visit
illegal arms vide the Arms Act
Gurudwaras in Pakistan on the occasion of
(amendment), 2019 which provide
Baisakhi (April, 2023), Barsi of Maharaja
for:
Ranjit Singh Ji (June, 2023) and Birth
(a) Incorporation of new offences and Anniversary of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji
prescribes punishment for them, such (November, 2023) during the year 2023-24.

*****

26