5. THINK The mass-spring system undergoes simple harmonic motion.

Given the amplitude and

the period, we can determine the corresponding frequency, angular frequency, spring constant,
maximum speed and maximum force.

EXPRESS The angular frequency w is given by w = 2pf = 2p/T, where f is the frequency and T
is the period, with f = 1/T. The angular frequency is related to the spring constant k and the mass
m by w = k m . The maximum speed vm is related to the amplitude xm by vm = wxm .

ANALYZE (a) The motion repeats every 0.350 s so the period must be T = 0.350 s.

(b) The frequency is the reciprocal of the period: f = 1/T = 1/(0.350 s) = 2.86 Hz.

(c) The angular frequency w is w = 2pf = 2p(2.86 Hz) = 18.0 rad/s.

(d) The angular frequency is related to the spring constant k and the mass m by w = k m . We
solve for k and obtain

k = mw2 = (0.500 kg)(18.0 rad/s)2 = 161 N/m.

(e) Let xm be the amplitude. The maximum speed is

vm = wxm = (18.0 rad/s)(0.350 m) = 6.28 m/s.

(f) The maximum force is exerted when the displacement is a maximum and its magnitude is
given by

Fm = kxm = (161 N/m)(0.350 m) = 56.4 N.

LEARN With the maximum acceleration given by am = w 2 xm , we see that the magnitude of the
maximum force can also be written as Fm = kxm = mw 2 xm = mam . Maximum acceleration occurs
at the endpoints of the path of the block.

5
7. THINK Our physical pendulum consists of a disk and a rod. To find the period of oscillation,
we first calculate the moment of inertia and the distance between the center-of-mass of the disk-
rod system to the pivot.

EXPRESS
A uniform disk pivoted at its center has a rotational inertia of 12 Mr 2 , where M is its mass and r is
its radius. The disk of this problem rotates about a point that is displaced from its center by r+ L,
where L is the length of the rod, so, according to the parallel-axis theorem, its rotational inertia is
2 Mr + 2 M ( L + r ) . The rod is pivoted at one end and has a rotational inertia of mL /3, where m
1 2 1 2 2

is its mass.

ANALYZE
(a) The total rotational inertia of the disk and rod is
1 1
I = Mr 2 + M ( L + r ) 2 + mL2
2 3
1 1
= (0.500 kg)(0.100 m)2 + (0.500 kg)(0.500 m + 0.100 m)2 +(0.250 kg) kg)(0.500 m) 2
(0.270
2 3
= 0.2050.203
kg × mkg2 . m2

(b) We put the origin at the pivot. The center of mass of the disk is
l d = L + r = 0.500 m + 0.100 m = 0.600 m

away and the center of mass of the rod is l r = L / 2 = (0.500 m ) / 2 = 0.250 m away, on the
same line. The distance from the pivot point to the center of mass of the disk−rod system is
M l d + ml r ( 0.500 kg )( 0.600 m ) + ( 0.250 kg )( 0.250 m )
d= = = 0.483 m.
M +m 0.500 kg + 0.250 kg

(c) The period of oscillation is

I 0.203 kg × m 2
T = 2p = 2p = 1.50 s .
( M + m ) gd (0.500 kg + 0.250 kg)(9.80 m/s 2 )(0.483 m)

LEARN Consider the limit where M ® 0 (i.e., uniform disk removed). In this case, I = mL2 / 3 ,
d = l r = L / 2 and the period of oscillation becomes
I mL2 / 3 2L
T = 2p = 2p = 2p
mgd mg ( L / 2) 3g

which is the result given in Eq. 15-32.

7
26. The statement that “the spring does not affect the collision” justifies the use of elastic
collision formulas in section 10-5. We are told the period of SHM so that we can find the mass
of block 2:
m2 kT 2
T = 2p Þ m2 = 2 = 0.600 kg.
k 4p
At this point, the rebound speed of block 1 can be found from Eq. 10-30:

0.200 kg - 0.600 kg
| v1 f | = (10.0 m/s ) = 5.00 m/s .
0.200 kg + 0.600 kg

This becomes the initial speed v0 of the projectile motion of block 1. A variety of choices for the
positive axis directions are possible, and we choose left as the +x direction and down as the +y
direction, in this instance. With the “launch” angle being zero, Eq. 4-21 and Eq. 4-22 (with –g
replaced with +g) lead to
2h 2(6.20 m)
x - x0 = v0 t = v0 = (5.00 m/s) = 5.62 m .
g 9.8 m/s 2
Thus, d = x – x0 = 5.62 m.

27
31. This is similar to the situation treated in Sample Problem — “Physical pendulum, period and
length,” except that O is no longer at the end of the stick. Referring to the center of mass as C
(assumed to be the geometric center of the stick), we see that the distance between O and C is h
= x. The parallel axis theorem (see Eq. 15-30) leads to
1 æ L2 ö
I = mL2 + mh 2 = m ç + x 2 ÷ .
12 è 12 ø
Equation 15-29 gives

(a) Minimizing T by graphing (or special calculator functions) is straightforward, but the
standard calculus method (setting the derivative equal to zero and solving) is somewhat
awkward. We pursue the calculus method but choose to work with 12gT2/2p instead of T (it
should be clear that 12gT2/2p is a minimum whenever T is a minimum). The result is

which yields x = L / 12 = (1.65 m)/ 12 = 0.48 m as the value of x that should produce the
smallest possible value of T.

(b) With L = 1.65 m and x = 0.48 m, we obtain T = 2.0 s from the expression derived in part (a).

32
53. (a) Equation 15-8 leads to
-a 123 m/s 2
a = -w x Þ w =
2
= = 35.07 rad/s .
x 0.100 m
Therefore, f = w/2p = 5.58 Hz.

(b) Equation 15-12 provides a relation between w (found in the previous part) and the mass:
k 425 N/m
w= Þ m= = 0.346kg.
m (35.07 rad/s)2

(c) By energy conservation, 12 kxm2 (the energy of the system at a turning point) is equal to the
sum of kinetic and potential energies at the time t described in the problem.

1 2 1 2 1 2 m
kxm = mv + kx Þ xm = v 2 + x 2 .
2 2 2 k
Consequently,

xm = (0.346 kg / 425 N/m)(13.6 m/s) 2 + (0.100 m) 2 = 0.401 m.

53
58. We first note that the spring constant is

4p 2 (2.0 kg)
2
k = 4p m2/T = 2
-3
= 3.97 ´ 105 N/m
(14.1´ 10 s) 2

from which we find the angular velocity:

k 3.97 ´105 N/m

w= = = 445.6 rad/s
m 2.0 kg

At t = 5.0 ms, the position and velocity of block 2 are

x2 = (1.0 cm) cos éë(445.6 rad/s)(5.0 ´ 10-3 s) + p / 2 ùû = -0.792 cm

v2 = -(1.0 cm)(445.6 rad/s) sin éë (445.6 rad/s)(5.0 ´ 10-3 s) + p / 2 ùû = 2.72 m/s

To calculate its after-collision speed (which will be the same as that of block 1 right after the
impact, since they stick together in the process) we use momentum conservation and obtain

m1v1 + m2 v2 (4.0 kg)(6.0 m/s) + (2.0 kg)(2.72 m)

v= = = 4.91 m/s
m1 + m2 4.0 kg + 2.0 kg

Thus, at the end of the impact, the system (consisting now of a total mass M = 6.0 kg) has kinetic
energy
1
K = 2 (6.0 kg)(4.91 m/s)2 = 72.2 J
and potential energy
1 2 1
U= 2
kx = 2
(3.97 × 105 N/m)(0.00792 m)2 » 12.45 J,

meaning the total mechanical energy in the system at this stage is approximately E = K + U =
84.65 J. When the system reaches its new turning point (at the new amplitude X ) then this
1
amount must equal its (maximum) potential energy there: E = 2 (3.97 ×105 N/m) X 2. Therefore,
we find
2E 2(84.65 J)
X = = = 0.021 m .
k 3.97 ´105 N/m

59