VI SEMESTER

EC 361 (PCC) - VLSI DESIGN

Cr. Hrs. 4(3+0 + 1)
L T P
Credit 3 0 1
Hours 3 0 2

Course Outcomes: Student will be able to

CO1: Able to draw band diagram for semiconductor materials.
CO2: Describe and simulate MOS Inverter characteristics.
CO3: Explain various dynamic MOS circuits.
CO4: Comprehend and design Semiconductor Memories.

Unit-I
Semiconductor Physics: Metal, Insulators, Semiconductor, Electronic
transport in semiconductors, continuity equation, diffusion, drift, mobility,
PN junction, Forward Bias PN Junction, Reverse Bias PN Junction,
Band diagram analysis of PN junction (open, forward and reverse bias),
and Band diagram analysis of Hetero-junctions.

Unit-II
Introduction to MOS Technology: MOS structure, MOS capacitor,
Structure and operation of MOSFET transistor, Current-Voltage
Characteristics, MOSFET scaling and short channel effects, MOS
Inverters: Static Characteristics (Resistive load inverter, Inverter with n-
type MOSFET load, CMOS Inverter).

Unit-III
Combinational MOS Logic Circuits: MOS logic circuits with depletion
nMOS loads, CMOS logic circuits, CMOS transmission gates.
Sequential MOS Logic Circuits: SR Latch, Clocked Latch and flip-flop
circuits, CMOS D- Latch, Edge triggered flip-flop. Dynamic MOS logic
circuits: Dynamic Pass Transistor circuits, Dynamic CMOS
transmission gate circuits, Domino CMOS logic gates, NORA CMOS
(NP- Domino Logic).
93
 Unit-IV
Semiconductor Memories: ROM circuits, SRAM circuits, DRAM
circuits, Basic physical design of simple Gates and Layout issues,
Layout issues for inverter, Layout for NAND and NOR Gates, Complex
Logic gates Layout, Layout optimization for performance, Designing with
programmable logic devices ROM, PLA, PAL, and PLD. Features and
internal structure of CPLDs, FPGAs.

LIST OF PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS

1 Design and verify INVERTER, two input NAND, and two input
NOR gate circuit using simulation tool.
2 Design and verify two input OR, and two input AND gate circuit
using simulation tool.
3 Design and verify two input XOR, and two input XNOR gate
circuit using simulation tool.
4 Design and verify Half adder and Full adder circuit using
simulation tool.
5 Design and verify four bit Full adder circuit using simulation tool.
6 Design and verify Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor circuit
using simulation tool.
7 Design and verify four bit Full Subtractor circuit using
simulation tool.
8 Design and verify two bit comparator circuit using simulation tool.
9 Design and verify MUX 4:1 circuit using simulation tool.
10 Design and verify two bit multiplier circuit using simulation tool.

NOTE: The actual number of experiments may be more than the

above mentioned list.

Text Books/References

1 Sung Mo Kang and Yusuf Leblebici CMOS Digital Integrated

Circuits Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill

94
2 Neil H.E. Weste. Kamran Eshraghian-Principles of CMOS VLSI Design
3 A. Douglas Pucknell. Kamran Eshraghian-Basic VLSI Design
4 Michael John, Sebastian Smith. Application specific Integrated
Circuit
5 BehzadRazavi. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Mc-
Graw Hill.
6 M. Lundstrom, “Fundamentals of Carrier Transport”, Cambridge
University Press, 2000.
7 C. Snowden, “Introduction to Semiconductor Device Modeling”,
World Scientific, 1986.
8 Y. Tsividis and C. McAndrew, “MOSFET modeling for Circuit
Simulation”, Oxford University Press, 2011.

EC362 (PCC) - MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

Cr. Hrs. 4(3+0 + 1)

L T P
Credit 3 0 1
Hours 3 0 2

Course Outcomes: Student will be able to

CO1: Understand and apply principle of microwave engineering
along with functioning and applications of various
components and devices used to accomplish microwave
experiments in the laboratory.
CO2: Conceptualize the working of microwave tubes like klystron,
reflex klystron and multi cavity klystron along with computation
of performance parameters.
CO3: Understand working, types and applications of travelling wave
tube along with computation of performance parameters.
CO4: Understand working types and applications of Magnetron
microwave wave tube along with its performance parameters.

95
 Unit-I
Microwave wave guides & Components: Introduction of microwaves
and their applications, microwave signal propagation and transit time
effect, Rectangular wave guides and Introduction of circular wave
guides, Basic idea of TE, TM, TEM waves propagation, Scattering
matrix representation of network, rectangular and circular cavity
resonators, wave guide E and H plane Tees, Magic Tee and Hybrid
Rings, Microwave corner, Bends, Twists, Directional couplers,
Circulators and Isolators.
Unit-II
Klystrons: Construction and operation of two cavity & multi-cavity
Klystron, Velocity modulation and electron bunching (analytical
treatment), Applegate diagram and applications of two cavity Klystron,
Construction, working and operation of Reflex Klystron, Applications
and practical considerations, Velocity modulation, power output and
frequency characteristics of a Reflex Klystron, Electron admittance.
Unit-III
Travelling Wave Tubes (TWT): Construction, Operation and practical
consideration of helix type TWT, Introduction of CW power, pulsed dual
mode TWT, Coupled cavity TWT, Application of TWT.
Unit-IV
Magnetron: Types of Magnetron, operation and practical considerations
of travelling wave (cavity) magnetron, Introduction of Coaxial, Voltage
Tuneable and frequency- Agile Coaxial magnetrons, Cylindrical
Magnetron Oscillator. Anechoic Chamber.

LIST OF PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS

1 To measure the power distribution of various wave guide Tee i.e. E
plane, H plane, Magic Tee and draw E and H patterns.
2 Measurement of various parameters like coupling factor, directivity,
insertion loss, isolation, power division etc. for given microwave
components like magic tees, circulators etc
3 To develop experimental setup and Plot V-I characteristics of Gunn
diode & Determine threshold voltage.
4 To verify the relationship between power and Repeller Voltage in
reflex klystron and determine the frequency and tuning range
96
5 To design an experimental setup for TWT microwave tube for the
measurement of its characteristics
6 Development of an experimental setup for measurement of VSWR
using double minima methods and cross verification of the
experimental result
7 Design an experiment to develop I-V characteristics of microwave
Gunn diode and to measure output power and frequency as a
function of bias voltage using microwave test bench. .
8 Study of Vector network analyzer.
9 Development of test setup for measurement of Scattering
parameters of various microwave components.
10 Development of Polar Plot and Cartesian plot of Azimuth and
Elevation planes on Log/Linear scales for radiation pattern of micro
strip Antenna.
11 To measure coupling factor Isolation & Directivity of Hybrid ring rat
race coupler.
12 Study of Anechoic Chamber and calculation of S11 for a text
antenna.

NOTE: The actual number of experiments may be more than the

above mentioned list.

Text Books/References
1 S.Y. Laio. 'Microwave devices and Circuits', Prentice-Hall of India.
2 K.C. Gupta. 'Microwaves', New Age International.
3 R.E. Collin. 'Foundations for microwave Engineering', Mc-Graw Hill.
4 T.C. Edwards. 'Foundation for Microstrip circuit Design', John Wiley
& Sons.
5 Kulkarni, „Microwave Engineering‟ Umesh Publications, New Delhi
6 [Link] & S.K. Koul. 'Stripline like Transmission Lines for Microwave
Integrated Circuits, Wiley Eastern Limited.

97
 EC 363 (PCC) - ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Cr. Hrs. 4(3 +0+ 1)
L T P
Credit 3 0 1
Hours 3 0 2
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand the concept of Radio Propagation and path
loss model.
CO2: Understand and apply the principles of fading channels, spread
spectrum techniques, Ground based & Satellite based Line-of-
sight Microwave Communication.
CO3: Conceptualize the conce pts of satellite communication &
functioning of various onboard building blocks.
CO4: Understand and analyze the effect of system parameters on
Satellite link design.

Unit-I
Radio Propagation and Path Loss model: Free Space attenuation,
attenuation over reflecting surfaces, effects of earth curvature, radio
wave propagation. Tropo-scatter propagation. Fundamentals of fading.
Diversity: Different Reception Techniques, multipath channels.
Unit-II
Capacity in AWGN, Capacity of flat fading channels, capacity of
frequency selective channels. Spread Spectrum signals: Line of Sight
Microwave Communication: Link Engineering, Frequency planning, Free
space loss, Fresnel zone clearance, Bending of radio beam, Effective
earth radius, Building blocks of Transmitter-Receiver.
Unit-III
Elements of Satellite Comm.: Satellite frequency bands. Frequency
reuse, orbital period & velocity, coverage angle and slant Range,
Eclipse. Satellite Description: Comm. Sub-system, Telemetry,
Command & Ranging sub-system, Attitude control sub-system and
Electrical Power sub system, Study of Indian satellites like INSAT series
& IRS series etc.
98
 Unit-IV
Satellite link design: Basic link analysis, Interference analysis, Rain
induced attenuation & cross polarization. Multiple access techniques:
frequency division multiple access - time division multiple access - code
division multiple access – access protocols for data traffic. Performance
analysis and comparative analysis of FDMA, TDMA and CDMA. Direct-
sequence spread spectrum signals, p-n sequences, Frequency-hopped
spread spectrum signals, Code-division multiplexing.

LIST OF PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS

1 To Study Satellite Trainer kit.
2 To set up an active satellite link and demonstrate link fail
operation.
3 To communicate voice signal through satellite link.
4 To establish analog /digital Communication link and transmit and
receive three Signals (audio, video, tone) simultaneously using
satellite communication trainer
5 To transmit and receive PC data through satellite link.
6 To find the link C/N Ratio
7 Evaluation of SNR in Satellite Links
8 To observe effect of Fading margin of received signal in satellite link
9 To Study Analysis of Link Power Budget Equation

NOTE: The actual number of experiments may be more than the

above mentioned list.

Text Books/References
1 Wireless Communications: Principle & Practice, [Link], PHI
2 Andrea Goldsmith, “Wireless Communication”, Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
3 Satellite Communication, Dennis Roddy, McGraw Hill
4 Satellite Communication Systems, by Richharia M.; Macmillan Press
5 Satellite Communication, by Gagliardi R.M.; CBS
6 Digital Satellite Communication, by Ha T.T.; McGraw Hill.

99
 EC 364 (PCC) – ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION LAB
Cr. Hrs. 3(0+1 +2 )
L T P
Credit 0 1 2
Hours 0 1 4
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Analyze the basic concept of microcontroller and Arduino
hardware and their programming techniques.
CO2: Design external modules required for interfacing with
microcontroller and Arduino using analog and digital logic circuits.
CO3: Design any embedded system using sensors, microcontroller,
Arduino and external modules with their testing on hardware.
CO4: Analyze the core requirements of robotics and system designing
with the help of robotics.

LIST OF PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS

1 Introduction to Arduino & CC3200: Installing and getting started
with Energia software
2 Introduction to various components/sensors (Led, Ultrasonic sensor,
DHT11(Temperature & Humidity sensor), HC05 (bluetooth), LCD,
etc ) and interfacing them with Arduino & CC3200.
3 Sensing data and sending it to thing speak cloud using CC3200
4 Appliance control (light) through webpage using CC3200
5 Interface ADC 0808 with AT89C51 (8051 family) microcontroller
and write the assembly language code to convert analog signal in
digital form.
6 Design a temperature based switching system using temperature
sensor LM 35, AT89C51 microcontroller and SPDT relay.
7 Design a traffic light system using assembly language coding in
AT89C51 (8051 family) microcontroller.
8 Design an infra red based security system using AT89C51
microcontroller that turns on the alarm on the entrance of any
person in restricted zone.
9 Design a light based system using LDR or photodiode that
senses the light in a particular area and turns on a DC motor
when the light level crosses a threshold value. Use operational
amplifier uA741 as a comparator.
100
10 Design a circuit to interface LCD with AT89C51 (8051 family)
microcontroller and display any text on it.
11 To develop assembly or C language code for ATmega32
microcontroller to make the robot function as a line follower.
12 To develop assembly or C language code for ATmega32
microcontroller to make the robot function as an obstacle avoider.
13 Design a half wave dipole antenna at a frequency of 300 MHz
using PCAAD. Plot the radiation pattern of the antenna, measure
its directivity and 3 dB beam width.
14 Design a 5-element Yagi-Uda antenna at a frequency of 300 MHz
using PCAAD. Plot the radiation pattern of the antenna, measure
its directivity and 3 dB beam width.
The actual number of experiments may be more than the above
mentioned list.

Text Books/References
1 M.A. Mazidi and J.G. Mazidi. The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems, Pearson Education Asia.
2 M.A. Mazidi. The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems
using assembly and C, Pearson Education.
3 Antenna Simulation Software: PCAAD.

EC 365 (PEC) - PE-I(a) LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN

Cr. Hrs. 3 (3 +0+ 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand the concept of VLSI and important parameter for
low power design.
CO2: Apprehend the knowledge of low power design and circuit
simulations.
CO3: Conceptualize the low power techniques in Chip designing.
CO4: Understand and analyze low power architecture and systems
power and performance management.
101
 Unit-I
Introduction: Evolution of VLSI, Small channel effects: velocity
saturation, DIBL, Punch through, narrow channel effects, hot carrier
effects, Need for low power VLSI chips, Power and Energy basics,
Sources of power dissipation, important parameters for low power
design, Low power design approaches. Device & Technology
Impact on Low Power.
Unit-II
Low power design flow, SPICE circuit simulators, gate level logic
simulation, capacitive power estimation, static state power, gate level
capacitance estimation, architecture level analysis, data correlation
analysis in DSP systems. Monte Carlo simulation. Probabilistic power
analysis: Random logic signals, probability &amp frequency,
probabilistic power analysis techniques, signal entropy.
Unit-III
Low Power Techniques: Circuit level: Power consumption in circuits.
Dynamic Power Optimization: multiple supply voltages, transistor sizing,
and Static power Optimization: Multiple thresholds transistor Flip Flops
and Latches design, high capacitance nodes, low power digital cells
library. Logic level: Gate reorganization, signal gating, logic encoding,
state machine encoding, pre-computation logic.
Unit-IV
Low power Architecture and Systems Power & performance
management, switching activity reduction, parallel architecture with voltage
reduction, flow graph transformation, low power arithmetic components, low
power memory design. Low power Clock Distribution: Power dissipation in
clock distribution, single driver Vs distributed buffers, Zero skew Vs
tolerable skew, chip & package co design of clock network.

Text Books/References
1 Low Power Design Methodologies by J. M. Rabaey, [Link], KAP.
2 Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design by Gary K. Yeap, KAP, 2002
3 Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, Second Edition
by J. M. Rabaey, A. [Link] and B. Nikolic, PH/Pearson
4 Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design by K. Roy and S. [Link] Wiley
5 Low-Power CMOS Design,P. Chandrakasan and RW Broderson,
IEEE Press.

102
 EC 365 (PEC) - PE-I(b) MIXED SIGNAL DESIGN
Cr. Hrs. 3(3 +0+ 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to

CO1: Understand analog and discrete-time signal processing and

basics of analog discrete-time filters.
CO2: Comprehend the knowledge of Switched-capacitor filters and
data converters.
CO3: Develop the notion for Interconnection and data transmission in
mixed signal layout.
CO4: Apprehend the concept of frequency synthesizers and
synchronization.

Unit-I

Analog and discrete-time signal processing, introduction to sampling

theory; Analog continuous time filters: passive and active filters; Basics
of analog discrete-time filters and Z-transform
Unit-II

Switched-capacitor filters- Non idealities in switched-capacitor filters;

Switched-capacitor filter architectures; Switched-capacitor filter
applications. Basics of data converters; Successive approximation
ADCs, Dual slope ADCs, Flash ADCs, Pipeline ADCs, Hybrid ADC
structures, High-resolution ADCs, DACs
Unit-III

Mixed-signal layout, Interconnects and data transmission; Voltage-

mode signalling and data transmission; Current-mode signalling and
data transmission.
Unit-IV
Introduction to frequency synthesizers and synchronization; Basics of
Phase Locked Loop (PLL), Analog PLLs; Digital PLLs; DLLs.
103
Text Books/References
1 R. Jacob Baker, CMOS mixed-signal circuit design, Wiley India,
IEEE press, reprint 2008.
2 Behzad Razavi , Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits,
McGraw-Hill, 2003.
3 Rudy V. dePlassche, CMOS Integrated ADCs and DACs,
Springer, Indian edition, 2005.
4 Arthur B. Williams, Electronic Filter Design Handbook, McGraw-
Hill, 1981.
5 R. Schauman, Design of analog filters by, Prentice-Hall 1990 (or
newer additions).

EC 365 (PEC) - PE-I(c) SYSTEM ON CHIP DESIGN

Cr. Hrs. 3(3 +0+ 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand the basics of System Architecture and its
Components.
CO2: Apprehend the knowledge of processors and its selection for
system on chip.
CO3: Develop the idea of memory design for system on chip.
CO4: Comprehend the SOC interconnection customization and
configuration.

Unit-I
Introduction to the System Approach: System Architecture,
Components of the system, Hardware & Software, Processor
Architectures, Memory and Addressing. System level interconnection,
An approach for SOC Design, System Architecture and Complexity.

104
 Unit-II
Processors: Introduction, Processor Selection for SOC, Basic concepts in
Processor Architecture, Basic concepts in Processor Micro Architecture,
Basic elements in Instruction handling. Buffers: minimizing Pipeline Delays,
Branches, More Robust Processors, Vector Processors and Vector
Instructions extensions, VLIW Processors, Superscalar Processors.
Unit-III
Memory Design for SOC: Overview of SOC external memory, Internal
Memory, Size, Scratchpads and Cache memory, Cache Organization,
Cache data, Write Policies, Strategies for line replacement at miss time,
Virtual to real translation, SOC Memory System, Models of Simple
Processor – memory interaction.
Unit-IV
Interconnect Customization and Configuration: Inter Connect
Architectures, Bus: Basic Architectures, SOC Standard Buses, SOC
Customization: An overview, Customizing Instruction Processor,
Reconfiguration Technologies, Mapping design onto Reconfigurable
devices, Instance- Specific design, Customizable Soft Processor,
Reconfiguration - overhead analysis and trade-off analysis on
reconfigurable Parallelism.

Text Books/References
1 Computer System Design System-on-Chip by Michael J. Flynn
and Wayne Luk, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 2002.
2 ARM System on Chip Architecture – Steve Furber by 2nd Ed.,
2000, Addison Wesley 2000.
3 Design of System on a Chip: Devices and Components by
Ricardo Reis, 1st Ed., Springer 2004.
4 Co-Verification of Hardware and Software for ARM System on
Chip Design (Embedded Technology) by Jason Andrews
Newnes, 1995.
5 System on Chip Verification Methodologies and Techniques by
Prakash Rashinkar Peter Peterson, Leena Singh, Springer 2002.

105
EC 365 (PEC) - PE-I(d) INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING
Cr. Hrs. 3(3+0 + 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand the basic concepts of information theory and entropy.
CO2: Apprehend the idea of Shannon‟s theorem for coding and
its application.
CO3: Develop the notion for channel detection and estimation.
CO4: Understand and apply different channel coding and decoding
techniques.

Unit-I
Basics of information theory, entropy for discrete ensembles; Shannon's
noiseless Coding theorem; Encoding of discrete sources

Unit-II
Markov sources; Shannon's noisy coding theorem and converse for
discrete channels; Calculation of channel capacity and bounds for
discrete channels; Application to continuous channels.

Unit-III
Detection and Estimation: Review of Gaussian Random Process,
Detection of Known Signals in Noise, Optimum Threshold Detection,
Optimum Receiver for AWGN Channel, Matched Filter and Correlation
Receivers, Decision Procedure: Maximum A- Posteriori Probability
Detector- Maximum Likelihood Detector, Probability of Error, Bit Error
Rate, Wiener Filter for Waveform Estimation, Linear Prediction

Unit-IV
Techniques of coding and decoding; Huffman codes and uniquely
detectable codes; Cyclic codes, convolution arithmetic codes
106
Text Books/References
1 Shu Lin and D.J. Costello Jr., Error Control Coding, Prentice Hall, 1983.
2 N. Abramson, Information and Coding, McGraw Hill, 1963.
3 M. Mansurpur, Introduction to Information Theory, McGraw Hill, 1987.
4 R.B. Ash, Information Theory, Prentice Hall, 1970.

EC 365 (PEC) - PE-I(e) NEURAL NETWORKS

Cr. Hrs. 3 (3 +0+ 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand and analyze artificial neural system concepts,
applications, models, neural processing and leaning rules.
CO2: Understand, apply and implement back propagation training
algorithm.
CO3: Understand and apply linearly non-separable pattern
classification and various delta learning rules of multilayer
feedback network.
CO4: Understand and analyze concepts of dynamic systems and
Hopfield networks for single layer feedback networks.

Unit-I
Introduction: Biological basis for NN, background and brief history,
classification of NN models & implementations
Back Propagation Model: - topology, Calculations, training.
Unit-II
Self-organization Model: Topology, network initialization,
training calculations, testing.
Systems considerations: Various problems, developing a system
specifications, various roles of neural networks, NN software,
implementation issues.
Unit-III
Development Environment and Hardware Implementations:
NN modeling languages, specifying NN models, the transporter,
using transducers.
107
 Unit-IV
Performance Metrics & Network Analysis: Percentage correct,
average sum-square error, normalized error, network analysis,
divide-by three problem, square-within -a square problem, analyzing
weights in Trained Networks.
Case Studies: Issues in Radar Signal Processing, optical Character
Recognition.
Text Books/References
1 Freeman / Skapura. Neural Networks (Pearson Education India).

EC 366 (PEC) - PE-II(a) COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

Cr. Hrs. 3 (3+0 + 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand and analyze fundamentals of CPU organization for
RISC and SISC based processors along with instruction types
and formats.
CO2: Understand and analyze the micro-programmed and hardwired
control design concepts of CPU.
CO3: Understand and analyze memory organization along with
different types of memory architecture and their significance.
CO4: Understand the basic concepts of SIMD, MIMD and array and
pipelined architecture of processor design.

Unit-I
Processor Basic: CPU organization: Fundamentals, Concept of RISC
and SISC processor and their comparison, Data Representation: Word
length, Fixed-point numbers, Floating-point number, Instruction Sets:
Format, Types.
Unit-II
Control Design: Concepts, Hardwired control, Micro-programmed
Control, Basic Structure, Addressing Sequence, Design of Control Unit
and Pipeline Control.
108
 Unit-III
Memory Organization: Memory Technology: Types, performance,
access modes. Random Access Memories: RAM Organization and
Design. Auxiliary Memories: Access methods and Organization,
Magnetic Disk, tapes and Optical Memories. Memories hierarchies and
Associative Memory.
Unit-IV
Cache Memories: Organization and mapping. Principles of virtual
memory, Segmentation and paging. Introduction to SIMD, MIMD, array
processor and pipelined architecture.
Text Books/References
rd
1 J. P. Hayes Computer Architecture and Organization, 3 edition
McGraw Hill International edition.
2 Andrew S Tenenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, PHI
New Delhi

EC 366 (PEC) - PE-II(b) INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

Cr. Hrs. 3 (3 +0+ 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand the concepts of Thyristors and other Semiconductor
Switches.
CO2: Classify and analyze the rectifier based on operations and
application.
CO3: Conceptualize the power electronics converters and its analysis.
CO4: Envisage the operations and characteristics of inverters and
cycloconverters.

Unit-I
Semiconductor Power Devices: Characteristic of power diodes, power
transistor, IGBTS, TRIAC, DIAC, SUS, SBS & SCS.

109
SCR: Construction & its characteristics, Methods of turning on & turning
off. Rating & rating extension by series/parallel operation. Specification
& ratings. String efficiency. Simple firing circuit using UJT. Protection of
SCR against over current & voltage surges.
Unit-II
Controlled Rectifiers: Principle of phase control, single phase half
wave circuit with RL, RLE, and effect of fly wheel diode. Full wave
controlled rectifier, mid-point converter, bridge converter.
Three phase thyristor converter circuit: Three phase full converter &
three phase semi- converter.
Unit-III
Choppers: Principle, control strategies, types of chopper circuits, step-
up & step-down choppers, thyristor commutation in chopper circuits,
voltage & current commutated choppers, load commutated chopper &
multi phase choppers.
Power Supply: DC Power Supply: switch mode DC power supply,
resonant DC power supply, bidirectional DC power supply. AC Power
Supply: switch mode AC power supply, resonant AC power supply,
bidirectional AC power supply.
Unit-IV
Inverters: Principle of operation, single phase bridge inverter & three-
phase bridge inverter. Current source inverters.
Cycloconverter: Principle of operation, single phase to single phase
step-up & step-down cycloconverter, mid-point cycloconverter & bridge
type cycloconverter. Three phase half wave cycloconverter, three -
phase to three phase cycloconverter, load commutated cycloconverter.

Text Books/References
1 P.C. Sen. Power Electronics.
2 Dubey. Power Electronics.
3 Ramamurthy. Power Electronics.
4 G.K. Mittal. Industrial Electronics.
5 Agarwal. Power Electronics Systems. Pearson Education India).

110
 EC 366 (PEC) - PE-II(c) NANO-ELECTRONICS
Cr. Hrs. 3(3 +0+ 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Understand the basics of Quantum Mechanics and meso structures.
CO2: Apprehend the knowledge of Shrink-down approaches and
system integration issues.
CO3: Conceptualize the idea of Resonant Tunneling Diode, Coulomb dots
and Quantum confinement in semiconductor nanostructures.
CO4: Understand the concept of Carbon nanotube electronics.

Unit-I
Introduction to nanotechnology, meso-structures, Basics of Quantum
Mechanics: Schrodinger equation, Density of States. Particle in a box
Concepts, Degeneracy. Band Theory of Solids. Kronig-Penny Model.
Brillouin Zones.
Unit-II
Shrink-down approaches: Introduction, CMOS Scaling, The Nanoscale
MOSFET, Finfets, Vertical MOSFETs, limits to scaling, system
integration limits (interconnect issues etc.).
Unit-III
Resonant Tunneling Diode, Coulomb dots, Quantum confinement in
semiconductor nanostructures: quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum
dots, super-lattices, band offsets, electronic density of states, Single
electron Transistors.
Unit-IV
Carbon nanotube electronics, Band structure and transport, devices,
applications, 2D semiconductors and electronic devices, Graphene,
atomistic simulation, Introduction of, Electrochemical Sensors, Sensors
Based On Physical Properties, Nanobiosensors, Smartdust-Sensor for
the future.
Text Books/References
1 G.W. Hanson, Fundamentals of Nano electronics, Pearson, 2009.

111
2 W. Ranier, Nano electronics and Information Technology (Advanced
Electronic Material and Novel Devices), Wiley-VCH, 2003.
3 K.E. Drexler, Nano systems, Wiley, 1992.
4 J.H. Davies, The Physics of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors,
Cambridge University Press, 1998.
5 C.P. Poole, F. J. Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology, Wiley,
2003 problems.

EC 366 (PEC) - PE-II(d) BIO-MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

Cr. Hrs. 3(3+0 + 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Analyze electrical, mechanical & chemical activity of human body
subsystem, principle transducers related to measurements and
conversion of activity of human body.
CO2: Conceptualize cardiovascular effects and their measurements,
instrumentation related to clinical laboratory.
CO3: Analyze the electrical activity related to neuromuscular and brain,
analytical approach to graphical measurements related to
neuromuscular systems.
CO4: Demonstrate the biotelemetry & computer application related to
medical field, analyze monitoring systems related to patients

Unit-I
Principles of biomedical instrumentation and techniques, Interfacing
problems of biomedical, electronic equipments with living systems. ECG,
EEG, EMG instruments for measuring bio signals. Biomedical
transducers. Bio-magnetic measurement and imaging. Cardiac output
measurement techniques. Diagnostic and therapeutic instruments,
Prosthetic devices such as pacemaker, hearing aid and myoelectric arm.
Unit-II
Functional electrical stimulation and algorithms for extremity control.
Biotelemetry of biological signals, biosensors. Neonatal monitoring.
Special aspects such as safety of medical electronic equipment.
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 Unit-III
Introduction to analog and digital computer simulation in biological
sciences. Simulation of normal and pathological states. Pattern
identification and tissue and cell typing. Automated examination and
interpretation of X-ray films of lungs and hearts. Assembly of three
dimensional images.
Unit-IV
Overview of Patient Monitoring Systems, Arrhythmia and Ambulatory
Monitoring Instruments, Patient Safety, Digital Radiography, Nuclear
Medical Imaging Systems, Magnetic Resonance Imaging System,
Ultrasonic Imaging Systems, Thermal Imaging Systems, Pacemakers
and Defibrillators, Automated Drug Delivery Systems.

Text Books/References
1 Biomedical Instrumentation: Technology and Applications by R. S.
Khandpur. Tata McGraw Hill Publishers. 2003
2 Handbook Of Biomedical Instrumentation by Khandpur, R.S.; Tata
McGraw Hill Publishers.
3 Biomedical Instrumentation and measurement by Cromewel,
Wibell, Pfeiffer, 2nd edition, PHI.
4 Medical Instrumentation: Theory and Design, 3rd Ed by John
Webster; Wiley India.

EC 366 (PEC) - PE-II (e) AI & EXPERT SYSTEMS

Cr. Hrs. 3 (3 +0+ 0)
L T P
Credit 3 0 0
Hours 3 0 0
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
CO1: Develop a basic understanding of AI concepts and
programming languages.
CO2: Conceptualize different methods and rules to represent AI
knowledge and fuzzy logic.
CO3: Analyze different strategies to organize AI knowledge and to
manipulate it.
CO4: Apprehend the knowledge of systems architecture
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 Unit-I
Introduction to AI Knowledge: Importance of AI. Knowledge Base
System Knowledge organization & manipulation, Conceptual
Introduction to LISP and other AI programming Languages.
Unit-II
Knowledge Representation: Syntax Semantics, Inference Rules, Non
deductive Inference methods, and representation using rules, forward
chaining and backward chaining. Fuzzy Logic & Natural languages
computations, Probabilistic Reasoning, Object Oriented Representations.
Unit-III
Knowledge Organization & Manipulation: Search & control
strategies, matching techniques, knowledge organization &
management, Genetic Algorithms based search techniques.
Unit-IV
Knowledge Systems Architecture: Rule based, non-production,
uncertainty knowledge system building tools.
Knowledge Acquisition: General concepts, learning by induction.
Text Books/References
1 AI & ES. Dan [Link].
2 Luger. Artificial Intelligence.
3 Jockson. Introduction Expert Systems Knigh- Artifical Intelligence,
Tata Mc-Graw Hill.

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