Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 4
S/Y 2024-2025
LESSON School: Little Therese Grade level: Grade 4
PLAN Parochial School
Teacher: Maiden B. Leonen
Learning Area Science
Teaching Dates and Quarter 4th
Time:
[Link] CONTENT, STANDARDS, AND LESSON COMPETENCIES
A. Learning Competencies and
Objectives
Learning Competency:
Compare and contrast the characteristics of Learning Objectives:
different types of soil. At the end of 60 minutes discussion, at
(S4ESIVa-1) least 85% pupils are expected to:
Content Standard: A. Identify the different types of soil .
The pupils demonstrate understanding of the different types of [Link] the importance of choosing the
soil. right soil type for gardening and farming.
C. Observe and classify different soil
Performance Standard: samples through touch, sight, and simple
The pupils will able to practice precautionary measures in planning experiments.
activities
B. Content Comparing Soil Types
C. Integration Across Curriculum Esp and Epp
D. Values Integration Teamwork and Critical Thinking
E. Learning Materials Pictures/illustrations of different types of
soil, cartolina paper and power point
presentation.
II. LEARNING RESOURCES
• Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
• Internet
TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Hint Teacher’s Activity Student Activity
Preliminary Activities
A. Greetings Good morning! Grade 4 pupils. Good morning!
Teacher Maiden.
Kindly stand up for our opening prayer.
B. Prayer Let’s bow our head and feel the
presence of the Lord.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Spirit
Angel of God, my guardian dear,
to whom God's love commits me here,
ever this day be at my side,
to light and guard, to rule and guide.
Amen.
C. Classroom Before you take your seat, kindly pick up
Management the pieces of paper and plastic under your
chairs and tables. Then, arrange your
seats properly. After that, you may take
The pupil will pick up the pieces of plastic
your seats.
and paper and will silently arrange the
alignment of their table and chair.
Classroom Rules
Before we proceed, let sing first our
classroom rules that you need to follow.
The students will recite the classroom
rules
Stop
Look
Listen
D. Checking Do we have any absentees for today? None, teacher.
of Attendance
Very good! No one is absent today. Let’s The pupils will clap their hands.
give ourselves a round of applause.
E. Checking of Do we have any assignment last Yes, teacher.
Assignment meeting?
Please pass your assignment. The pupils pass their assignment.
A. Recall Now, let’s have a recap!
What is our last topic last meeting? Teacher, last meeting we discussed about
the energy sources.
Very Good!
What are the types of energy Teacher, the types of energy sources are
sources? the light, sound and heat energy.
What is the example of light energy? The example of light energy are sun, moon
and stars, teacher.
Nice answer!
How about the sound energy? The example of sound energy are radio,
Very Good! television and music, teacher.
How about the heat energy?
The example of heat energy are the fire,
Excellent answer! sun and heater.
Based on your understanding, why are Sound, light, and heat are important
sound, light, and heat important to us? because they help us hear, see, and stay
warm."
Excellence! I can see that you really
understand our past discussion. Now
let’s have an activity.
B. Motivation
Before we proceed with our discussion,
let’s have an activity. I will give you
different soil samples, and your task is to
feel them and describe their texture. You
will guess what type of soil it is. Yes, teacher.
Activity: "Guess the Soil!"
Directions:
1. Close your eyes .
Questions: Pupils answer:
1. Was the activity easy or hard? Why? 1.
1. Easy, teacher, because we can feel
and see the soil.
2. Where can we find sandy soil?
2. Near beaches and rivers.
3. Which soil is best for plants?
3. Loam, because it holds water and
4. What happens when clay gets wet? nutrients.
5. Which soil lets water pass through 4. It becomes sticky.
quickly?
5. Sand.
Introduction of Before we proceed with our topic, let’s
Lesson Objectives have first our learning objectives so that
we will be guided with our lesson for
today.
At the end of 60 minutes discussion, at
least 85%pupils are expected to:
A. Identify the different types of soil .
[Link] the importance of choosing the
right soil type for gardening and farming.
C. Observe and classify different soil
samples through touch, sight, and
simple experiments.
Comparing Soil Types
Abstraction
Soil generally refers to Earth's surface. It
holds nutrients, water, and other minerals
for plants and animals. It is where most
plants grow.
Have you ever played with soil?
Yes, teacher, I have played with soil
before.
Yes, many children have played with soil
before. They enjoy digging, molding, and
feeling its texture. It is fun because they
can make shapes and explore different
kinds of soil. Playing with soil also helps
them learn about nature, plants, and
farming. Even if a child hasn’t played with
soil before, they can still be excited to
explore and learn about it in class.
Soil Composition
Earth’s surface is made up of rocks
and is covered by a thin layer of soil.
Soil is composed of both organic and
inorganic materials. It may contain
manure, dead or rotten leaves, and
animal wastes. Some organisms, such
as insects, bacteria, and earthworms,
may also be found in the soil. Soil also
contains humus, a dark organic matter
that is formed when an organism, or a
part of it, decays by the action of
microorganisms in the soil. Darker soil
has more organic matter than lighter
soil.
The inorganic materials in the soil
consist of minerals, rocks, water, and
air.
Sand
Has the largest soil particles (0.05
mm to 2.0 mm).
Coarse texture makes it dry and
gritty.
Drains water easily and quickly,
leading to low nutrient and water-
holding capacity.
Not very suitable for plant growth.
Mulching can improve sandy soil.
Ideal plants: euphorbia, oregano,
rosemary, thyme, corn, cucumber,
lettuce.
Why sand is not suitable for plant
growth? Teacher, sand is not suitable for plant
growth because it cannot hold enough
water and nutrients that plants need.
Very good, because sand is loose and
cannot hold enough water and nutrients
for plants to grow well.
Silt
Next largest soil particle (0.002 mm
to 0.05 mm).
Gray, smooth, and powdery.
Better water-holding capacity than
sand.
More fertile but erodes easily.
Can get compacted and hard.
Adding organic matter (e.g., compost)
improves fertility.
Mulching increases water infiltration.
Ideal plants: roses, daffodils, ferns.
Clay
Smallest soil particle (less than 0.002
mm).
Fine texture, feels smooth.
Holds a lot of water, making it sticky
when wet and hard when dry.
Very high water-holding capacity.
Can cause root drowning due to
excessive water retention.
Not well-ventilated, causing slow
water infiltration.
Ideal plants: jute plant (saluyot),
pechay, aster.
Have you ever seen clay soil? Yes, teacher.
Loam
Mixture of sand, silt, and clay
particles.
Crumbly and moist to the touch.
Best water-holding capacity among
soil types.
Dark, soft, dry, and crumbly.
Ideal for gardening and plant growth.
Rich in humus, providing good
nutrients.
Supports other living organisms in the
soil.
This table shows the type of soil, color,
particle size, texture, and how well it
holds water.
Teacher, loamy soil is the most suitable for
"Among the four types of soil, which
plant growth because it has the right mix of
is the most suitable for plant growth?
sand, clay, and organic matter. It holds
enough water and nutrients for plants to
grow well.
Fantastic answer, because loamy soil has
the right balance of sand, clay, and
organic matter. It can hold enough water
and nutrients, making it best for plant
growth.
Why do you think it is important to know
the composition of soil?
Because it helps us understand which soil
is best for plants to grow.
Very good! How can we take care of the
Values Integration soil around us?
By not throwing trash, avoiding
chemicals, and preventing soil erosion.
Excellent! Why should we avoid stepping Because it can damage the plants and
or playing on planted soil? loosen the soil, making it hard for plants to
grow.
Very well said! Taking care of the soil
helps plants grow healthy, which also
helps us by providing food and clean air.
Do you have any questions before we
proceed with our next activity?
None, teacher.
Great! Let’s proceed with the activity.
GROUP ACTIVITY
APPLICATION (Differentiated Activities)
Directions: The class will be divided
into three groups. Each group will
perform different tasks that will only last
for five minutes.
Before we begin, here’s our Rubrics for
this activity.
Criteria Score
Presentation 5
Accuracy 5
Teamwork 5
Behavior 5
On Time 5
Total 25
Are we clear? Timer starts now.
GROUP 1 Yes, teacher.
Feel the Soil!
Directions:Touch and describe the
texture of different soil samples (sandy,
silty, clay, and loam). Pupils answer:
GROUP 1
Identify which soil holds the most water Feel the
and which drains quickly. Soil!
Directions: Touch and describe the
texture of different soil samples (sandy,
silty, clay, and loam).
Identify which soil holds the most water
and which drains quickly
Group presentation.
GROUP 2
Draw and Identify
Directions: Draw two examples of plants that
grow in sand, clay, silt, and loam soil. GROUP 2
Draw and Identify
Directions: Draw two examples of plants that
grow in sand, clay, silt, and loam soil.
GROUP 3
Sort it Out
Directions: List 3 characteristics of each
Group presentation.
soil type: sand, silt, clay, and loam.
GROUP 3
Sort it Out
Directions: List 3 characteristics of
each soil type: sand, silt, clay, and
loam.
Very good grade 4! Clap your hands
for a job well done.
Generalization Questions:
1. Based on our activity, what is Teacher, soil is made up of sand, silt,
soil made of? clay, and loam.
2. Which type of soil is Loam soil is the best because it has the
the best for plant right mix of sand, silt, and clay. It holds
growth? water and nutrients well.
3. Why is sand soil not very good for
planting? Because sand soil is loose and drains
water quickly. It cannot hold enough
water and nutrients.
4. How can we take care of the soil to
help plants grow better?
By adding compost, avoiding soil erosion,
and not throwing trash on the soil.
Wonderful answers! You now
understand the importance of soil
composition.
I. EVALUATING LEARNING
Evaluation
Directions: Choose the correct answer for each question. Encircle the letter of your choice.
1. Which type of soil has the smallest particles and retains the most water?
a. Sand
b. Silt
c. Clay
d. Loam
2. If you pick up a handful of soil and it feels gritty, which type of soil is it most likely to be?
a. Sand
b. Clay
c. Silt
d. Loam
3. Which soil type is best for planting because it has a good balance of sand, silt, and clay?
a. Loam
b. Sand
c. Clay
d. Silt
4. A farmer wants to plant crops that require good drainage. Which type of soil should he avoid?
a. Sand
b. Loam
c. Clay
d. Silt
5. Why is loam soil considered the best for gardening?
a. It has the largest particles.
b. It retains too much water.
c. It contains a balance of sand, silt, and clay.
d. It is too sticky and hard when dry.
Answer Key:
1. c. Clay
2. a. Sand
3. a. Loam
4. c. Clay
5. c. It contains a balance of sand, silt, and clay.
Assignment
Directions: Answer the question in your notebook.
1. List three differences between sand, silt, and clay.
Prepared by: Checked by:
Maiden B. Leonen Angelica B. Algones, LPT
Student Intern Cooperating Teacher
Noted by:
Mary Ann Liao- Apostol
School Principal
