VHEMBE-WEST

DISTRICT COVER

PAGE

NAME OF SCHOOL RENAISSANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL

NAME OF LEARNER NOMSA MBEDZI

SUBJECT Geography

GRADE 11

NAME OF TASK Research task

RESEARCH TOPIC The significance of different slope elements for human

activities

● NB Cover page should have the image of the study area

VARYING LANDUSE ON A SLOPING AREA

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TOPIC PAGE
Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement 3
Background information 4
Available services 5
Mapping 6
Methods of data collection 7
Analysis and synthesis 8
Graphical representation of the information 9
Analyses of the graphical information 10
Recommendations and possible solutions 11
Conclusion 13
Bibliography 14

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Learners signature................................................................ Submission date : 20 May 2024

VHEMBE-WEST DISTRICT

Do a research project on ONE of the following topics :

1. The Impact of Rock falls on the Environment and People
OR
1. The significance of different slope elements for human activities
OR
1. Horizontally layered landscapes as beneficial and/or obstacle to human
activities

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement 05/04/2024

 Name of specific area of study

THE LOUIS TRCHARDT SOUTPANSBERG MOUNTAIN SLOPES ALONG THE N1
HIGHWAY
 Identify the problem from the local area
Most of Louis Trichardt's economy is boosted by farming activities and tourism around
the town and the slope shapes the particular activities of people as they determine
what can be done.

 Formulate a problem statement

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 The economic activities of a place are affected by the slope type around the
area. The type of slope determines the level of development in an area as it
shapes the architecture, economic activities, the policy planning, level of
development and the quality of life of an area

Step 2: Background information 12/04/2024

 Explain where in South Africa is the study area located

The study area sis located along the famous N1 Highway. It is found in the Louis
Trichardt mountains soon after the town heading along the Hendrick Verwoed
Tunnels. The exact location of the study area is from the Mountain Inn hotel area
until the tunnels.
 Exact position in terms of coordinates
22°57'17"S 29°55'49"E

 Relevant information about the study area

Population

According to the world population review, Louis Trichardt's 2024 population is now
estimated at 49,699.
Climate
The climate of Louis Trichardt is subtropical. Mild days and chilly evenings are hallmarks
of the winter months. Typically, winter lasts from June through August. Warm, frequently
humid summertime temperatures are accompanied by sporadic afternoon
thunderstorms.
From November through March, throughout the summer, Louis Trichardt receives the
majority of its rainfall. The municipality has imposed certain water limitations in the past
few years, mostly as a result of local droughts and inadequate upkeep of the town's
water supply infrastructure.

Level of development

Most of Louis Trichardt's economy is boosted by farming activities around

the town. The town's economy might experience a further boost if
proposed mines open in the area. There has, however, been a lot of
resistance from nature conservationists against mines opening in the area.
There have been massive expansions and developments in the town of
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 Louis Trichardt which have seen the expansion of the Makhado crossing
mall and the introduction of fast food outlets mainly McDonalds and
Chicken Licken. It is a small town with massive potential for growth.

Available services
The area is characterized by formal and informal businesses. Formal businesses in the
area take various forms, such as, Close-corporation, Private Companies, Section 21
Companies, and Co-operatives. Some services provided are but not limited to Retail in
food stuff;  Crop farming (mostly cash crops);  Livestock farming (pork, beef,
poultry);  Brick making;  Concrete manufacturing;  Tourism products (bookings, tour
guides, etc);  Construction of houses;  Cleaning services;  Micro lending;  Bakery;
 Road freight; and  Catering services.

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Step 3: Mapping 19/04/2024

 Provide the most recent map of the study area

Note: create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
The map should
have a clear key and be drawn to scale.

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 Step 4: Methods of data collection (use at least 3 sources) 22/04/2024

Field Surveying or trip and

During the field trip I was able to issue a questionnaire especially to the farmers I found along
the road in the slopes of the Soutpansberg mountains. The advantage of using an open
ended questionnaire is that open-ended questions help collect qualitative data in a
questionnaire where the respondent can answer in a free form with little to no restrictions

Topographic Maps and Existing Data

Utilizing topographic maps and existing data allows for the integration of pre-existing
information into the map-making process, supplementing field survey data and reducing the
need for extensive fieldwork.

Internet was also vitally used as we are living in the digital area where all the information is
stashed on the network.

Field surveying provides precise measurements and ground trothing, aerial imagery offers high-
resolution spatial data, and existing data sources provide valuable background information for
map creation.

ATTACH COPIES OF THE SOURCES USED AND YOUR OWN INTERPRETATION AND MOTIVATION

a) Primary data sources b) Secondary data sources

Interviews Newspaper
Observatio articles
ns Field trips Books
Internet
Government gazettes/statistics

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Step 5: Analysis and synthesis 03/05/2024

 Use collected data to formulate a discussion around the problem in question

 Represent some of the information where necessary in graphs, tables or sketches
• Analyse the graphic information Discussion around the problem in question

Slope elements, or the angles and features of a land's incline, hold significant
importance for various human activities, especially in the realms of construction,
agriculture, recreation, and environmental management. Here's how different slope
elements can affect these activities:

Construction: Foundation Stability: Steeper slopes can pose challenges for constructing
stable foundations. Engineers must assess the angle of the slope and its composition to
determine the appropriate foundation design or stabilization measures.
Building Accessibility: The slope gradient affects the accessibility of construction sites
and buildings. Steep slopes may require special access roads, grading, or retaining
walls to accommodate construction equipment and workers.
Drainage and Erosion Control: Proper slope management is crucial for controlling
drainage and erosion around buildings. Grading, terracing, and erosion control
measures such as retaining walls or vegetation can prevent soil erosion and water
damage to structures.
Agriculture: Crop Suitability: Slope gradients influence the suitability of land for different
types of crops. Steep slopes may be prone to soil erosion and runoff, limiting agricultural
productivity. Terracing and contour farming techniques can help mitigate erosion and
make steep slopes suitable for cultivation.
Water Management: Slope gradients affect water runoff and retention in agricultural
fields. Proper slope management, such as contour farming and the construction of
swales or diversion channels, helps optimize water distribution and minimize soil erosion.
Mechanized Farming: Steep slopes can limit the use of mechanized farming
equipment. Farmers may need to employ alternative farming methods or specialized
equipment designed for sloped terrain.
Recreation: Hiking and Mountaineering: Slope gradients determine the difficulty level
and safety of hiking and mountaineering trails. Steeper slopes offer more challenging
terrain for experienced hikers and climbers but may require additional safety
precautions.
Skiing and Snowboarding: Slope gradients are essential for determining the suitability of
slopes for skiing and snowboarding. Slopes with specific angles and features are
preferred for recreational skiing and snow sports.
Environmental Management: Habitat and Biodiversity: Slope elements influence
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habitat diversity and wildlife distribution. Different slopes provide varied microclimates
and vegetation types, supporting diverse ecosystems.
Soil Conservation: Slope management plays a crucial role in soil conservation and
preventing erosion. Vegetation cover, terracing, and erosion control structures help
stabilize slopes and protect soil health.
Wildfire Risk: Steep slopes can increase the risk of wildfires due to enhanced fire spread
and difficulty in firefighting access. Slope management strategies such as fuel
reduction and defensible space planning are essential for mitigating wildfire risks in
areas with steep terrain.
In essence, understanding and managing slope elements are essential for optimizing
human activities while mitigating potential risks and environmental impacts.
Graphical representation of the information

A table showing the suitability of different crops for various slope gradients:
| Slope Gradient Recommended Crops

0-5% (Gentle slope |) | Wheat, Corn, Soybeans Rice

| 5-15% (Moderate ) | Grapes, Apples,
| >15% (Steep) Olives, Citrus Fruits

Hiking Trails Difficulty: A table representing the difficulty levels of hiking trails based on
slope gradients:

Slope Gradient | Hiking Trail Difficulty

| 0-10% (Easy) | Beginner trails
(Moderate) | Intermediate trails
>20% (Difficult) | Advanced trails

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 Analyses of the graphical information 14/05/2024
… Hiking Trails Difficulty Table:
 The table categorizes hiking trail difficulty based on slope gradients, providing hikers with
an idea of what to expect in terms of trail challenges.
 It helps recreationalists choose trails that match their skill level and preferences.
 Trail managers can use this information to design and maintain trails suitable for various
user groups, enhancing the overall hiking experience.
Crop Suitability Table:
 This table categorizes slope gradients into gentle, moderate, and steep, and suggests
suitable crops for each gradient. It provides a clear overview of which crops thrive best
under different slope conditions.
 The table helps farmers make informed decisions about crop selection based on the
terrain of their land.
 It highlights the importance of slope management in optimizing agricultural productivity
and sustainability.
 Driving along the route one can clearly see the influence of the slope elements
especially on the types of farming to occur. The steepness of the slopes can be seen
especially in the pine tree plantations which are seen gracing the mountain sides and as
they descend down to gentler slopes one can start seeing avocado trees and other fruit
trees especially the macadamia nuts.

Overall, these graphical representations provide valuable insights into the significance
of slope elements for various human activities, including agriculture, recreation, and
environmental management. They facilitate decision-making processes and promote
sustainable practices in land use and resource management.

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 Recommendations and possible solutions. Make recommendations to solve the
geographical problem discussed. Present your original and realistic opinions as far as
you possibly can.

To address the geographical challenges associated with slope elements and their impact on
human activities, several recommendations and solutions can be considered:

1. Slope Management Plans:

 Develop comprehensive slope management plans that incorporate strategies for soil
conservation, erosion control, and water management.
 Implement terracing, contour farming, and vegetation cover to stabilize slopes and
minimize soil erosion.
 Conduct regular monitoring and maintenance to ensure the effectiveness of slope
management measures.
2. Land Use Planning:
 Integrate slope analysis into land use planning processes to guide appropriate
development and minimize risks associated with steep terrain.
 Identify areas unsuitable for construction or intensive agriculture due to steep slopes or
high erosion potential.
 Encourage sustainable land use practices that preserve natural habitats and minimize
environmental impact.
3. Infrastructure Design:
 Design infrastructure, such as roads, buildings, and drainage systems, to accommodate
varying slope gradients and minimize the risk of landslides, flooding, and erosion.
 Incorporate engineering solutions such as retaining walls, slope stabilization techniques,
and proper drainage systems to mitigate the impact of steep slopes on construction
projects.
4. Education and Awareness:
 Raise awareness among stakeholders, including farmers, developers, recreationalists,
and landowners, about the importance of slope management and the potential risks
associated with steep terrain.
 Provide training and resources on sustainable farming practices, erosion control
techniques, and safety measures for outdoor recreation in mountainous areas.
5. Collaborative Management:
 Foster collaboration among government agencies, local communities, conservation
organizations, and private landowners to address slope-related challenges collectively.
 Establish partnerships for research, monitoring, and implementation of best practices in
slope management and land use planning.
6. Policy Support:
 Develop and enforce policies and regulations that promote responsible land
management practices and protect environmentally sensitive areas, including steep
slopes and fragile ecosystems.

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  Provide incentives and support mechanisms for landowners and farmers to adopt
sustainable land use practices and invest in slope stabilization measures.

By implementing these recommendations, stakeholders can address the geographical

challenges posed by slope elements and promote sustainable development, environmental
conservation, and community resilience in areas with diverse terrain. It's essential to prioritize
collaboration, education, and proactive planning to ensure the long-term sustainability and
resilience of landscapes affected by slope gradients

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 Step 7: Conclusion 21/05/2024

Accept or Reject the hypothesis and support your standpoint with valid reasons

Accessibility and Infrastructure Development: The type of slope surrounding an area can
significantly impact its accessibility and infrastructure development. Steep slopes may limit
transportation routes and access to resources, potentially hindering economic activities such
as transportation of goods and services, tourism, and trade.

Land Use and Development: Slope type influences land use decisions and development
patterns. Areas with gentle slopes may be more suitable for agriculture, urbanization, and
commercial development, leading to greater economic opportunities compared to areas
with steep slopes, which may have limited development potential due to challenges related
to construction and land use restrictions.

Resource Extraction and Mining: Slope type can affect the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of
resource extraction activities such as mining and quarrying. Steep slopes may pose challenges
for mining operations, including increased costs for infrastructure development, safety
concerns, and environmental regulations, thereby impacting the economic viability of
resource extraction projects.

Tourism and Recreation: The type of slope can influence the attractiveness of an area for
tourism and recreational activities. Gentle slopes may offer opportunities for activities such as
hiking, skiing, and ecotourism, contributing to local economies through tourism revenue,
hospitality services, and outdoor recreational facilities.

Property Values and Real Estate Development: Slope type can impact property values and
real estate development opportunities. Properties located on gentle slopes with scenic views
may command higher prices and attract real estate investment, whereas properties on steep
slopes may face challenges related to construction costs, insurance premiums, and regulatory
constraints.

Overall, the hypothesis that the economic activities of a place are affected by the slope type
around the area is valid, as slope characteristics influence various aspects of land use,
development, resource utilization, and ecosystem services that collectively shape local
economies.

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Step 8: Bibliography 22/05/2022

 Compile a bibliography
 List the sources you used to help compile the research. E.g websites, books
1.
[Link]
2.
Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer (2002): ): The influence of landuse on the stability of
slopes with examples from the European Alps. – Mitteilungen des
naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark – 132: 43 - 62.

3.
Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate, Roger Graham Barry Taylor & Francis
Psychology Press, 2003
4.

[Link]
ntry=ttu

5.
[Link]
MAKHADO_LOCAL_ECONOMIC_DEVELOPMENT_STRATEGY.pdf
6. [Link]

Step 9: submission 23/05/2024

 Include any extra annexture you used
 Include graphs, diagrams and picture
 Cover page should have the image of the study area
 Table of contents should have corresponding page numbers

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Framework for assessment: research tasks:
Name of
learner……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………….

Research Ste Total Marks by Marks by SUBMISSION

activities p Marks DATES
educator moderator
Formulating 1 5 13/04/2023
hypothesis
or problem
statement
Background 2 14 18/04/2023
information

Mapping 3 16 21/04/2023

Data collection 4 20 27/04/2023

Data analysis and 5 10 02/05/2023

synthesis
Recommendations 6 10 16/05/2023
and
possible solutions
Conclusion (accept 7 10 18/05/2023
or
reject the
hypothesis)
Bibliography 8 5 18/05/2023

Cover page 5 18/05/2023

Presentation 5

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Page 16
 RUBRIC FOR RESEARCH TASK
NAME OF LEARNER: GRADE: 11

RESEARCH TOPIC: The significance of different slope elements for human activities

MARK 1 2-3 4-5 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Formulation Learner has not Learner has Learner has
of understood the formulated a formulated a
hypothesis/ formulation of a hypothesis/pr hypothesis/
problem hypothesis/prob oblem problem
statement lem statement statement for statement
and has merely a research that
stated a topic. topic and is accurately
specific about describes a
an area, but specific
not about a geographical
geographical problem and
problem or its impact in a
impact of the specific area.
problem.
MARK 1-2 3-5 6-9 10-14 Educator Mod.
Mark Mark
Background Unable to give a Some Relevant Learner has
information description or description of description of fully described
background an area is an area of the study area
information of provided with study with and has
the area being limited most of the provided the
studied. background background appropriate
information information background
given provided. information.

MARK 1-2 3-4 5-7 8-12 13-16 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Mapping Irrelevant map Relevant map Relevant map Relevant Accurate map
included with of area of research research area used with
no information. included with area included identified on a appropriate
limited with map with an details
information appropriate appropriate showing
and no legend and legend, labels accurate
legend. limited detail. and use of details of
scale. buffering and
delineation of
research areas
with
appropriate
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 information,

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 including a
legend and
ascale.

MARK 1-2 3-5 6-9 10-14 15-20 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Data Only one Few Few secondary A variety of A variety of
Collection secondary secondary data sources secondary secondary
source of data is sources of that mostly data sources data sources
used. No data collection enable an collected, that were
referencing, which understanding accurately successfully
inadequate inadequately of the research describe the collected with
understanding of informs area studied. hypothesis. very good
the problem or research insightof the
topic. methodology. topic
Incorrect
referencing

MARK 1-2 3-4 5-7 8-10 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Analysis and The learner The learner is The learner is The learner is
synthesis of shows little able to identify able to able to
data understanding of some of the identify the identify the
the topic andis problems from problems and problems and
unable to the sources interpret all interpret all
identify, interpret but shows sources and is the sources
or show the limited able to show and is able to
effects from the understanding some insight provide clear
sources used. of into the insight into the
interpretation effects. effects.
and effects

MARK 1-2 3-4 5-7 8-10 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Recommenda The learner is The learner The learner is The learner
tions and unable to could only able to provides clear
solutions provide relevant provide some provide most of insight into all
recommendatio recommendati the relevant
ns and solutions ons and recommendati recommendati
to the problem solutions to the ons and ons and
problem solutions to the possible
problem. solutions to
the problem.

MARK 0 1-5 6-10 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Conclusion No conclusion Conclusion Conclusion
provided. provided but provided with
the learner an
does not acceptanceor
accept or rejection ofthe
reject the hypothesis/
hypothesis/

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 problem problem
statement. statement.
MARK 0 1-3 4-5 Educator Mod.
Mark Mark
Bibliography No bibliography Bibliography Bibliography
provided. provided is provided is
incomplete. correct.

MARK 0 1-2 3-5 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Cover Page No cover page is Cover page is Cover page is
provided. provided with provided with
incomplete all the
details. required
details.

MARK 0-1 2-3 4-5 Educator Mod.

Mark Mark
Presentation The research The research is The research is
information is not set out well. logically set
set out well. Steps have out. All steps
Bibliography been followed have been
incorrect or not adequately. followed
included. No Bibliography is correctly.
cover page provided but Bibliography is
designed. not set out provided and
correctly. set out
Cover correctly.
pagehas Cover page
been has been
designed. designed and
suits the
research
topic.

Teacher Mod.
Mark Mark

Total: 100

SBA MARK 100

÷ 5 = 20

TEACHER NAME: ______________________________ DATE OF ASSESSMENT: 08 March 2022

MODERATOR NAME: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DATE OF MODERATION: __ _ _

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