챕터6-1

It's possible &to lie with numbers,( even those that are accurate, [because numbers rarely
↑?

speak for themselves.& They need (to be interpreted by writers.( And writers (almost always(
&HFIHEXt FEH

have purposes [that shape the interpretations.J For example, you might want to announce
i
↑

the good news [that unemployment ( in the United States( stands ( at just( a little over 5
↑

percent.] That means 95 percent of Americans have jobs, an employment rate much
F

higher than that of most other industrial nations. But let's spin the figure another way. ( In
- I

a country as popular as the United States,( unemployment (at 5 percent( means [that
i

millions of Americans don't earn a daily wage.3)Indeed,( one ( out of every twenty adults(
↑

+
[who wants workJ can't find it. (Suddenly( that's a sobering number. And, [as you can see,]
the same statistic can be cited (as a cause for celebration or shame.(
FH
챕터6-2
What do advertising and map-making have in common? S Without doubt( the best answer
is their shared need ( to communicate a limited version of the truth.( An advertisement
must create an image [that's appealing] and a map must present an image [that's clear,J
↑ T

but neither can meet its goal ( by telling or showing everything.( Ads will cover up or play
umn

/[they advertise.7)In this way,S they can

down negative aspects of Sthe company or service
j

promote a favorable comparison Swith similar products( or differentiate a product S from its
T

-[that would be confusing.]

competitors.ILikewise,( the map must remove details
w
챕터6-3
[When people face real adversityJ - (disease, unemployment, or the disabilities of age( -
affection (from a pet ( takes on new meaning. A pet's continuing affection becomes
I important
↑

(crucially for those (enduring hardship([because it reassures them [that their core
j F FEx)

essence has not been damaged.& Thus pets are important (in the treatment of depressed
=

or chronically ill patients.Cl In addition,( pets are used to great advantage ( with the
institutionalized aged.I In such institutions( it is difficult for the staff (to retain optimismS
[when all the patients are declining in health.J Children [who visit] cannot help but
T

remember [what their parents or grandparents once were] and be depressed Sby their
incapacities.& Animals, however, have no expectations (about mental capacity.( They do not
↑

worship youth. They have no memories (about [what the aged once were7) and greet them
[as if they were children.J An old man (holding a puppy( can relive a childhood moment
↑

(with complete accuracy.( His joy and the animal's response are the same.
 구문 적용 독해 6-1
The most important employees (of advertising agencies,IlI would suggest,I ate [what are
↑

( generally( called the "creatives."& The creatives are the creative directors and their teams
of copywriters and art directors (and sometimes others) [who turn all of the data
F

M
(provided by the marketing researchers( into Iprint adsI and ( radio& and & television

commercials.( The creatives think up ( sensational and creative campaignsI and are the
- the people [who bring fame and fortune to their agencies.2)(Like
"stars" ( in any agency (
all important creative artists,( they are given a great deal of freedom. There are
numerous awards (given by organizations in the advertising industry,( and some creatives
have dozens of awards to their credit.
구문 적용 독해 6-2
The term teleculture"* suggests [that out culture is, ( to a large degree,( shaped (by
FEH

television.1] Thus, television is not a simple medium ( for entertainment,[which merely

reflects the culture in which it is found.] Television does, (of course,( reflect culture. butu

F F

the important thing Sto keep in mind( is [that it ( alsoIprofoundlyI affects culture.S It does this, E
j Et

Sin part,1by focusing attention on certain aspects of culture( and (not paying attention to
others,Iby creating certain kinds of heroes and heroines( and (neglecting other kinds.( We
must add ( to telecultureI the Internet ( to occupy more and more of our time,Itbecause it

!
has a profound effect (on individuals and society. Television and the Internet are the
most powerful socializing and enculturating forces in society.I They not only entertain us
but also instruct us

-
 Due date
O up to now (T1
# Ele ② It's up to you (ELE FtE) ,
,

③ What are you up to (

구문 적용 독해 6-3
Youth Essay Contest
Deadline: November 1, 2018 / Age: 12 to 18
Topic: Why is the outdoors important to me?

L
Ask yourself, "Why is being outdoors fun?" Spending time (in nature( will help you learn
wildlife and the environment.S Brainstorm reasons [why the outdoors is important to
S about

you] and put them ( together((into a meaningful essay (describing your favorite outdoor
activities.1) Length: Up to 500 Words

Winners will receive $100 Sin cash& and an opportunity (to have their essay (featured in
↑

the winter issue of Freedom magazine.1)

(i)

All entries must include a return address and phone number. Email your entries to
smith @freedommagazine.com.
구문 적용 독해 6-4
Most revolutionary American contributions to Global English have been (in communication
#

technology.( This field has been central to the creation of the global networks (pressing
T

English (into wide useIfor new kinds of exchanges.1) Computer engineers (in the United
States& have made the Internet (accessible to billions of users worldwide.( Email, blog,
=

website, spam, chat rooms, and network are not ( merelyI some of the many new words
and phrases (now Ilfamiliar to a sizable portion of the Earth's human population.( They are
↑

also tools/ transforming [how English is usedI and [how the world is experienced.3)Indeed,(
these tools are changing the way [our planet, ( as a whole and rapidly integrating object, (
1

operates.] The creation and adoption (of Global EnglishI are part of the ( larger,(extremely&
*Ex -

world-shrinking process.
 deprive A of B

rid A of B

구문 적용 독해 6-5
(In a classic study,( baby rats were placed ( in a sensorially deprived environment.S Another
group was raised ( in a sensory-rich environment.I The sensory-deprived group suffered
stunted brain development.

(C) They couldn't find their way (through a simple maze and were prone to aggressive,
!
violent social behavior. The sensory-rich rats developed larger,I better & connected brains.

(A) They learned complex mazes I quickly & and played happily ( together.& Rats are used in
experiments (like this1[because their nervous systems show many similarities to ours.I So
make every effort Sto create a brain-nourishing environment (at home,1)beginning in the
womb. (

(B) Your unborn baby will be positively influenced, for example, (by listening to Mozart.(
S Once they are born,( take every opportunity ( to create a rich and refined sensory
↑

environment Ifor vour children.(

"
어법 강화 1
Cutting costs can improve profitability (but only up to a point.S If the manufacturer cuts
costs so deeply [that doing so harms the product's quality,J then the increased profitability
will be short-lived. A better approach is (to improve productivity.( If businesses can get
more production from the same number (of employees,( they're ( basicallyI tapping into free
↑

money. They get more product to sell, and the price (of each product & falls. [As long as
M

the machinery or employee training S needed for productivity improvements ( costs less than
the value (of the productivity gains,I it's an easy investment (for any business ( to make.1)
↑

Productivity improvements are as important to the economy as they are to the individual
business [that's making them.] Productivity improvements (generally( raise the standard (of
↑ i

living for everyone( and are a good indication (of a healthy economy.S
i

do/ does D
>
-
HEN
is/are
어법 강화 2
[Although sports nutrition is a fairly new academic discipline,] there have (always( been
↑

recommendations (made to athletes about foods [that could enhance athletic performance.3)
+ -

One ancient Greek athlete is reported S to have eaten dried figs (to enhance training.1)
There are reports [that marathon runners ( in the 1908 Olympics( drank cognac (to improve
performance.& The teenage running phenomenon, ( Mary Decker,( surprised the sports world
( in the 1970s([when she reported [that she ate a plate of spaghetti noodles the night
before a race.5) Such practices may be suggested to athletes Cbecause of their real or
perceived benefits by individuals [who excelled in their sports.3)Obviously,( some of these
↑

practices, (such as drinking alcohol during a marathon,( are no longer recommended, but
others, (such as a high-carbohydrate meal the night before a competition,( have stood the
test of time.

It is said that
is said to
어법 강화 3
The desire (for fameC has its roots (in the experience of neglect.?No
↑
(M one would want to
be famous [who hadn't & also,1(somewhere in the past,( been made to feel extremely
insignificant.] We sense the need (for a great deal of admiring attention([when we have
↑

been (painfully( exposed to earlier deprivation.](Perhaps( one's parents were hard Sto
impress.( They never noticed one much and they were so busy (with other things,
focusing on other famous people, unable to have or express kind feelings, or just
working too hard.( There were no bedtime stories and one's school reports weren't the
subject Sof praise and admiration.C That's why one dreams [that ( one day( the world will
↑

pay attention.][When we're famous,& our parents will have to admire us too.
어법 강화 4
James Francis was born (in England( and emigrated (to the United States((at age 18.(
One (of his first contributions
↑
1)to water engineering( was the invention (of the sprinkler
-

system 3now widely 1)used in buildings for fire protection.& Francis's design involved a
series (of perforated pipes)running throughout the building.( It had two defects: it had to
↑ =

be turned on manually, and it had only one valve. [Once the system was activated by
opening the valve,J water would flow out everywhere. [If the building did not burn down,J it
would certainly be completely flooded. Only some years later, when other engineers
perfected the kind of sprinkler heads in use nowadays, did the concept become popular.
They turned on automatically and were activated only where actually needed.
 어법 강화 5
The arguments (most commonlyI used in favor of organic farming& are its potential
17
Et Ett

contribution (to society's needs,xsuch as safe food and a clean environment.(

Opponents (of organic farming& consider it a farming system (preferred by romantics Itwho
M Ef +

stick to a nineteenth-century approach S to agriculture3without seeing that the world has

changed.I Several arguments are
FEH
related to the lower yields (in organic agriculture(due to
&
the rejection of external inputs.( Critics are concerned about the ability &of organic farmingS
② ③

↑
( to produce sufficient food for everyone, ( the necessity ( of increasing imports,S the high
i

prices-( of organic food ( and potential fraud. Moreover, these critics doubt [whether the
quality ( of organic food& is any different7 and [whether the envitonmental effects ate
Aft ( indeed&
T

less detrimental than those (of other farming systems.&

im
Etot
어법 강화 6
Change not only brings challenges but also provides opportunities. Knowing the weather
forecast, (especially the long term forecast,( provides us with opportunities
i to create new
Fa

plans.& Consider those surfers [who travel on a moment's notice [when they learn of
+
FEE

especially good surf conditions5 - surfing enthusiasts can even pay (to join websites [that
↑

use computer models to predict swells.3) Blockbuster, ( the movie rental chain,S provides a
F

good example (of an organization [that was unable to use opportunities3 in a changing
↑

marketplace.(SFor years,& this company, (with its 60,000 employees,( dominated the movie
rental business. However, they did not foresee changes in the industry (brought on by
X ItHEXt

the Internet age.((Now,( they are trying to catch up Cwith the cable television companies
and other movie rental providers,([who make renting movies extremely convenient for
↑
their customers.&
어법 강화 7
[As Johannes Gutenberg worked to iron out the technical wrinkles of his invention in
1450 in Mainz, Germany,& I doubt [that he anticipated the full consequences of the
j
r)[that he was about to unleash on the world.B A trained goldsmith, Johannes
printing press
Gutenberg,( blended existing technologies and added his refinements (necessary for
developing a system of printing [that was quick, adaptable and commercially efficient.2) His
Ent

system made it possible (for the first timeCto reproduce documents in volume( and (for
I

them to be distributed far and wide (across the continent and then the world.C His printing
E FH

press changer everything. His new system opened up the world (of ideas1to everyone,&
-

and generated an unprecedented appetite (for literacy and knowledge:( an appetite [that
↑

was to have seismic consequences for politics, religion and cultureJ and [that reshaped
the world.J
 어법 강화 8
The Chinese New Year celebration begins (at the new moonIclosest to the beginning of
spring,(usually the second new moon after the winter solstice.( It always falls (between
January 21 and February 21,( and lasts fifteen days. New Year's Eve dinner is a feast
LEXt

-
&of [that are supposed to bring good luck and prosperity &in the coming
traditional foods
EEH
CHE

its own specialties. (Near the sea,( it might be prawns, dried

year.1 Each region has E
Eff
*

oysters, and raw fish salad. (In the south,& rice (in pudding( and (wrapped in leaves( are
ItHEX Ext

favorite foods, [while (in the north,( it's steamed dumplings (made of wheat.D The Festival of
↑

Lanterns is the last night of Chinese New Year, [when lights and fire-crackers drive away
demons and promise a good year ahead.] New Year's Day is [when Hong Bao (Red
Packet) takes place.] Presents and money (put in red paper1( - the color of good luck( -
↑

are exchanged, (along with greetings to relatives and neighbors.(

FEEH
 챕터7-1
A defining element (of catastrophes& is the magnitude ( of their harmful consequences.( To
, EEXt j

help societies prevent or reduce damage from catastrophes, a huge amount of effort
(to) (to)

and technological sophistication are S often( employed to assess and communicate the size
Ext FEH

and scope of potential or actual losses. This effort assumes [that people can understand
the resulting numbers and act ( on themI(appropriately.1 However, recent behavioral
Et

research casts doubt Son this fundamental assumption.( Many people do not understand
large numbers. ( Indeed,( large numbers have been found to lack meaning and to be
FEH

underestimated in decisions Sunless they convey affect (feeling).( This creates a paradox
* H

T
[that rational models of decision making fail to represent.] On the one hand, we respond
Et

(strongly ( to aid a single individual in need. On the other hand, we often fail to prevent
mass tragedies or take appropriate measures to reduce potential losses from natural
disasters.
챕터7-2
Dear Ms. Cross,
We are excited to announce the opening of the newest Sunshine Stationery Store ( in
Ext

Raleigh, North Carolina! ([As you know,] the Sunshine Stationery Store has long been the
industry (standard for quality creative paper products of all kinds,S and we couldn't have
↑

picked a better location for our next branch than the warm and inviting city of Raleigh.
We are thrilled to welcome you to the Grand Opening of the Raleigh store on March
15. 2018. The opening celebration will be ( from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.(
- a full 12 hours of
fun! ( We would love to show you [all the Raleigh store has to offer ] and hope to see you
there on the 15th!
Sincerely,
Donna Deacon
챕터7-3
We are the CEOs &of our own lives.& We work hard to urge ourselves to get up and go
↑

to work and do what we must do day after day. We also try to encourage the people
that (x)

working for and with us, those who are doing business with us, and even those who
regulate us. We do this ( in our personal lives,& too: ( From a very young age,( kids try to
persuade their parents to do things for them (Dad, I'm too scared to do this!") ( with
varying degrees of success.((As adults,I we try to encourage our significant others to do
things for us ("Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids
to bed and do the dishes?"). We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms. We
try to induce our neighbors to help out with a neighborhood party. (Whatever our official
job descriptions,( we are all part-time motivators.

to begin with
:
F E
,

strange tosay : ot) E

·
to do justice : I E
·
not to mention : I Lo
·
to make matter worse
:
E
· to make matter better : t
·
to be brief : I E
· to be honest : / E

·
to be frank with you : H E
·
to be sure : E
·
to be sum up : GE
구문 적용 독해 7-1
Dear Customer Service Manager,
I was assured (last week1[that the bookshelves we ordered (from your store(six weeks
-

--
FEH

ago( would be delivered (to our homeIthis past weekend.( Your representative (I believe
#H

his name was Roy) told my husband (last weekItthat the bookshelves were (on the
delivery schedule,1 and he asked us (to make surethat[someone would be home (this past
SaturdayIto receive the delivery.( But no one arrived (all dayIwith our bookshelves.I We
waited (until around 8 p.m.& and made several phone calls; (repeatedly( someone (at your
= about , sum

store& told us they were on the way. This entire situation was so upsetting and no one
at your store gave us any excuse until now. We were deeply disappointed by your
indifference and irresponsibility.

Workdays -

F
구문 적용 독해 7-2
(In many parts of the world,( wealthy individuals have acquired large tracts of land (for
personal estates( and & for private hunting.S These estates are (frequently( used S at very low
=

intensity,( often in a deliberate attempt by the landowners to maintain large wildlife

J I

populations. Some estates (in Europe( preserve unique old-growth forests [that have been
↑ Ext H

owned and protected ( for hundreds of years (by royal families.1] Such privately owned
lands, (whether owned by individuals, families, corporations, or ttibal groups,( often contain
F

important aspects of biodiversity. Strategies [that encourage private landowners and

1

government land managers to protect rare species and ecosystems( are obviously
Ext
essential (to the long-term conservation of biodiversity.&
 구문 적용 독해 7-3
The night was so dark [that Katarina couldn't see a thing.J But she could hear music and
S

people celebrating Christmas. Everyone was having fun, and (here( she was alone.
27
.C
0 HEXt

Sadness wrapped around her heart. The coldness ( in her room( chilled her body and
Vi

forced her (to return to bed,S but she couldn't relax and was out of bed (again( and began
Vi Vz
V2 V3

( anxiously( to pace back and forth. 'Where could he be?" Bad thoughts raced (through her
It
mind.When she couldn't stand it Iany longer,17 Katarina rushed Sto the door & and opened it
to peer out. (By then,& the wind had risen dramatically enough to Ialmost( push her back
G

inside, but she stood her ground and stared Iinto the pitch-dark of the night.S
 구문 적용 독해 7-4
Et
Journaling is one (of the easiest and most powerful waysS to discover new truths.I By
i ↑

getting your thoughts out of your head and putting them down in writing,S you'll gain
Eit

insights[you'd otherwise miss.][While some people use journaling merely (to record their
thoughts and experiences(lin a "Dear Diary" fashion,1] the real power of journaling lies in
its ability Sto help you move Sbeyond sequential thinking( and examine your thoughts from
(to)
↑ (to)

a holistic, bird's-eye view.S Use this tool (to solve tricky problems, brainstorm new ideas,
↑ (tol

bring clarity (to fuzzy situations,S and evaluate progress ( toward your goals.DInstead of a
(ty)
(to)

mere record-keeping tool,( needless to say, your journal can (vastlyS accelerate your
personal development [if you devote it to that purpose.
EF

-
구문 적용 독해 7-5
[When you make decisions (from a certain state of mind( and act upon them,J you
Et
reinforce that same state, thereby increasing the likelihood [you'll respond similarly in the
↑
-
HELt

] For example, Lif you act out of anger,J you'll strengthen your mind's anger
future.
response. [If you act out of kindness,7 you'll reinforce a kind response. Any given level of
ItHEXt

awareness has a tendency to perpetuate itself, so you'll likely find yourself cycling
HFIHEt
E HFLHEt HEXt

( through the same ones repeatedly.( A significant part of personal development involves
F E

(to release your attachment (to the lower states([as you draw yourself into higher
working ↑
HEILHEt

consciousness3) on a more consistent basis. SOn a practical level,( this means letting go of
HEXt

addictions, negative emotions, and fear-based behaviors and replacing them

Ext
with
consciously chosen, principle-centered actions. And (in order to successfully change your
behaviors,S you must first develop an awareness of your thoughts