THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
STUDENT HANDBOOK

1
GENERAL REGULATIONS

Admission to the School of Engineering

1. The programme of study for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering extends over five years
of which the first year is studied in the School of Natural Sciences and the remaining years
in the School of Engineering. The first year in the School of Engineering is common for all
branches of engineering. At end of the second year the candidate may select the branch of
engineering in which he wishes to specialize.
2. The branches of engineering presently offered are Agricultural Engineering, Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (with a major in either
Electrical Machines and Power Engineering, or Electronic and Telecommunication
Engineering), Mechanical Engineering and Geomatic Engineering.
3. Students shall normally be initially admitted to first year studies in the School of Natural
Sciences and must take to a satisfactory level the following courses in order to be admitted
to the School of Engineering: MAT 1100, PHY 1010, BIO 1412, and CHE 1000. Admission
to the School of Engineering is on a competitive basis (with emphasis on mathematics and
physics), and the number is usually governed by the Directorate of Manpower of the
Government of the Republic of Zambia.
4. For the unusual cases of students who have not been in the first year of the School of Natural
Sciences, they may be considered if they have achieved some competitive level of
performance in mathematics, physics, chemistry and one other course.

Exemptions
Senate is prepared to consider applications for exemption from particular courses leading to the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering, where in the opinion of the Senate the applicant, in addition to
the minimum requirements, holds other qualifications that represent a standard of attainment
justifying exemptions from the course for which the exemption is sought.
1. Candidates with technical qualifications or 'A' levels seeking exemptions from first year
courses might be considered by the School of Engineering for admission to the second year
provided such applicants meet the minimum entrance requirements and have:
(a) Entry requirements for diploma holders:
• At least a Credit in 'O' level Mathematics and in an acceptable science subject;
• At least a Credit or its equivalent in the Diploma in a relevant technical field and
• At least one year proven and relevant working experience after graduating with
a Diploma.
(b) Entry Requirements for 'A' level holders:
• Three 'A' level passes including mathematics and physics, with a pass grade of
at least 'B' in one of these subjects.
Note: An 'A' level pass will mean 'A' level grades from 'E' to 'A', i.e. from 40% to
100%.
2. All applications for exemptions must be lodged with the Registrar (with supporting evidence)
at the time of application for admission.
3. The maximum number of exemptions which can be granted is the equivalent of eight (8) full
courses. This implies that no more than two years can be exempted in a five-year programme.
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING PROGRAMMES

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SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

FIRST YEAR
MAT 1100 Mathematical Methods
PHY 1010 Introductory Physics
BIO 1412 Cell Biology and Genetic
CHE 1000 Introduction to Chemistry

GENERAL ENGINEERING
CEE 2219 Statics and Introduction to Mechanics of Materials
EEE 2019 Principles of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
ENG 2129 Engineering Communication
ENG 2139 Introduction to Information Technology
ENG 2159 Engineering Workshop Technology
MAT 2110 Engineering Mathematics I
MEC 2009 Engineering Drawing I
MEC 2309 Properties of engineering Materials I

Upon successful completion of the Second year, students are allocated quotas of their choice.
When a particular quota is full, a cut-off point is used to select students on the basis of their
performance in all the Second year courses. Therefore, some students would have to take their
second, third, fourth or even fifth choice. The courses in the various programmes are given below

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

THIRD YEAR
AGG 3811 Rural Sociology (formerly called Rural Sociology and Extension)
CEE 3311 Fluid Mechanics I
AGA 3335 Fundamentals of Animal Production (formerly called Animal Production for
Engineers)
MEC 3401 Thermodynamics I
MAT 3110 Engineering Mathematics II
MEC 3352 Strength of Materials I
AGC 3135 Fundamentals of Field Crop Production (formerly called Crop Production for
Engineers)
AEN 3412 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

FOURTH YEAR
CEE 4311 Hydrology
AEN 4311 Farm Power
GEE 4812 Introduction to Geomatics
MAT 4119 Engineering Mathematics III
AEN 4512 Food Process Engineering
ENG 4129 Engineering Management & Entrepreneurship
AEN 4112 Agricultural Machinery Design
AEN 4612 Instrumentation and Process Control
ENG 4143 Industrial Training I (Compulsory)

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FIFTH YEAR
AEN 5211 Agricultural Structures and Infrastructures
AEN 5421 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
AEN 5321 Renewable Energy Sources
AEN 5714 Project
AEN 5132 Agricultural Mechanization
ENG 5129 Engineering Management & Society
ENG 5143 Industrial Training II (Compulsory)

Electives
CEE 4412 Environmental Engineering
AEN 5122 Soil Dynamics and Tillage
AEN 5222 Theory of Structures and Structural Design
AEN 5522 Post-Harvest Technology

CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

THIRD YEAR
CEE 3111 Civil Engineering Materials and Construction Practices#
CEE 3211 Mechanics of Materials
GGY 3051 Engineering Geology
GEO 3522 Land Management II
CEE 3311 Fluid Mechanics
MAT 3110 Engineering Mathematics II
CEE 3112 Civil Engineering Drawing
CEE 3222 Theory of Structures

FOURTH YEAR
CEE 4511 Geotechnical Engineering
CEE 4211 Design of Masonry & Timber Structures
CEE 4311 Hydrology
GEO 4812 Principles of Surveying
MAT 4119 Engineering Mathematics III
CEE 4612 Highway Engineering
CEE 4412 Environmental Engineering I
ENG 4129 Engineering, Management and Entrepreneurship
ENG 4143 Industrial Training I (Compulsory)

FIFTH YEAR
CEE 5211 Design of Reinforced and Pre-stressed Concrete Structures
CEE 5714 Project
CEE 5311 Water Resources Management and Hydraulic Structures
CEE 5111 Construction Management
CEE 5222 Design of Steel Structures
CEE 5714 Project
ENG 5129 Engineering, Management and Society

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 ENG 5143 Industrial Training II (Compulsory)

Electives
CEE 5612 Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering
CEE 5122 Contract Management
CEE 5232 Structural Dynamics
CEE 5412 Environmental Engineering II
CEE 5132 Rural and Urban Planning
CEE 5242 Bridge Engineering
CEE 5332 Integrated Water Resources Management

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Students are able to major either in Electrical Machines and Power Engineering (EMP) or in
Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering (ET).

THIRD YEAR
EEE 3112 Electrical Engineering Practice
EEE 3121 Signals and Systems
EEE 3131 Digital Electronics
EEE 3132 Computer Engineering
EEE 3352 Electro Mechanics and Machines
EEE 3571 Electronic Engineering I
ENG 3165 Fluid Mechanics & Thermodynamics
MAT 3110 Engineering Mathematics II

FOURTH YEAR (EMP)

EEE 4021 Engineering Electromagnetics
EEE 4221 Digital Signal Processing
EEE 4242 Electrical Instrumentation
EEE 4352 Electrical Machines
EEE 4362 Electrical Power Systems I
EEE 4571 Electronic Engineering II
EEE 4135 Microcontroller Technology and Embedded Systems
ENG 4129 Engineering Management & Entrepreneurship
ENG 4143 Industrial Training I (Compulsory)
MAT 4119 Engineering Mathematics III

FOURTH YEAR (ET)

EEE 4021 Engineering Electromagnetics
EEE 4221 Digital Signal Processing
EEE 4242 Electrical Instrumentation
EEE 4670 Electronic Engineering III
EEE 4682 Communications Principles
EEE 4135 Microcontroller Technology and Embedded Systems
ENG 4129 Engineering Management & Entrepreneurship
ENG 4143 Industrial Training I (Compulsory)

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 MAT 4119 Engineering Mathematics III

FIFTH YEAR (EMP)

EEE 5014 Project
EEE 5240 Dynamic Systems and Control Engineering
EEE 5351 Advanced Electrical Machines
EEE 5451 Power Electronics
EEE 5362 Electrical Power Systems II
ENG 5129 Engineering Management & Society
ENG 5143 Industrial Training II (Compulsory)

FIFTH YEAR (ET)

EEE 5014 Project
EEE 5240 Dynamic Systems and Control Engineering
EEE 5581 Communications Networks
EEE 5681 Communication Theory
EEE 5682 Communication Systems
ENG 5129 Engineering Management & Society
ENG 5143 Industrial Training II (Compulsory)

GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

THIRD YEAR
MAT 3110 Engineering Mathematics II
GEO 3711 Surveying
GEO 3622 Principles of Data Acquisition and Processing
GEO 3222 Data Representation and Visualizations
GEO 3511 Land Management I
GEO 3522 Land Management II
CEE 3711 Soil Science, Roads, Hydrology and Civil Engineering Drawing

FOURTH YEAR
MAT 4119 Engineering Mathematics III
CEE 4612 Highway Engineering
GEO 4411 Geodesy I
GEO 4311 Image Analysis
GEO 4122 Numerical Methods and Programming
GEO 4622 Spatial Modelling and Analysis
GEO 4712 Engineering Surveying
ENG 4129 Engineering, Management and Entrepreneurship
ENG 4143 Industrial Training I (Compulsory)

FIFTH YEAR
GEO 5411 Geodesy II
GEO 5610 Geographic Information Infrastructure
GEO 5804 Project

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 CEE 5111 Construction Management
GEO 5812 Integrated Mapping
ENG 5129 Engineering, Management and Society
ENG 5143 Industrial Training II (Compulsory)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

THIRD YEAR
MEC 3001 Mechanical Engineering Drawing II
MEC 3351 Strength of Materials I
MEC 3401 Thermodynamics I
CEE 3311 Fluid Mechanics I
MAT 3111 Engineering Mathematics II
MEC 3102 Production Technology, Electricity & Electronics
MEC 3352 Strength of Materials II
MEC 3705 Dynamics
MAT 3112 Engineering Mathematics II

FOURTH YEAR
MEC 4105 Production Technology I
MEC 4301 Properties of Engineering Materials II
MEC 4601 Fluid Mechanics II
MAT 4111 Engineering Mathematics IV
MEC 4055 Machine Design I
MEC 4402 Thermodynamics II and Heat Engines
MEC 4702 Vibrations and Control Engineering I
ENG 4122 Engineering Management and Entrepreneurship
ENG 4143 Industrial Training I (Compulsory)

FIFTH YEAR
MEC 5051 Machine Design II
MEC 5105 Production Technology & Process Engineering
MEC 5401 Heat Transfer
MEC 5904 Final Year Project
MEC 5205 Maintenance Engineering
ENG 5122 Engineering Management and Society
MEC 5904 Project
ENG 5143 Industrial Training II (Compulsory)

Electives
MEC 5159 Manufacturing Systems Management
MEC 5355 Advanced Strength of Materials
MEC 5455 Alternative Energy Sources
MEC 5465 Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
MEC 5552 Environmental Engineering
MEC 5702 Control Engineering II
MEC 5855 Automobile Engineering

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Some electives may not be offered each year. Electives to be offered will normally be selected on
the basis of the number of students opting for each course and the availability of staff. The selected
list will be announced prior to the date for registration. Some fourth year electives may be taken
in the fifth year with the approval of the head of department. Other electives maybe chosen as
alternatives to those listed, with the approval of the heads of department within the School and, in
special cases, from other Schools.

REGISTRATION FOR COURSE EXAMINATION AND GRADES

(Reference should be made to the General Academic Regulations of the University of Zambia)

Teaching: Teaching in the School of Engineering is by means of lectures, tutorials, assignments,

laboratories and practicals. Laboratories and practicals are very essential elements of
any course in engineering and a student cannot pass a course unless he has completed
required assignments, laboratory and practicals and has been assessed with a grade "C"
or better.
Attendance at lectures and tutorials: A student is required to attend at least 80 per cent of the
lectures and tutorials in a course.
Submission of the course work: All assignments, laboratory and field work reports must be handed
in for marking at the date stipulated by the individual lecturer. After marking all
material will be handed back to the students.
Submission of course folders: At the end of the academic session all assignments, tutorial
problems, laboratory reports, field work reports, quizzes, term examinations, etc. shall
be compiled in a course folder (one for each course). A course folder, for all fourth
and fifth year courses and any other courses when requested, is due in the lecturer's
office within two days after the Final Examination for the course.
Fifth year project reports: These must be submitted in the form and at the date stipulated by the
School of Engineering. The School will publish the day of submission of reports and
indicate the penalties for late submission.
Examinations: Final examinations in all courses that are examinable will be held in the Middle of
Term II for courses that run during the first half of the academic year or at the end of
Term III for courses that run during the second half of the academic year and for those
that run throughout the whole academic year. Examination will be conducted by means
of written and/or oral and/or practical examinations as specified by the examiners.
Minimum standards in a course: To satisfy the examiners in a course, a student shall achieve a
prescribed standard. This shall include one test for half course and at two test for a full
course, tutorials assignments, laboratory, field work and the final examination. At the
beginning of each course students will be informed of the weighting for each
component of that course.

Deferred examinations: On the recommendation of the Board of Studies, a student who has been
prevented through illness or other unavoidable circumstances, from attending or
satisfactorily completing a test or final examination may be granted a deferred
assessment or examination by School of Engineering. Requests for deferred
examinations together with supporting documentary evidence must be filed with the

8
 Dean at least two days prior to the start of examination. Deferred examinations shall
be graded as in the normal examinations.

Minimum Pass Requirements for Re-Registration

Except with the special permission of the Senate, a full-time student who does not pass in at least
the equivalent of 6 course units in any year of study shall not be permitted to re-register as a full
time student.

PROGRESSION

Because of the integrated year-by-year degree programme with so much interaction among
courses, a full-time student is normally expected to pass all the courses in a particular year of study
(as laid down in the curriculum) in order to proceed to the next year. To proceed to the next year
of study, a student must pass all the listed courses and score a minimum of ‘C’ in each course

Agricultural Engineering

Progression from year to year of study

Progression pre-requisites
2nd – 3rd CEE 2219, ENG 2159, ENG 2139, MAT 2110, MEC 2009, MEC 2309
3 –4
rd th
CEE 3311, MAT 3110, MEC 3401, MEC 3351, AEN 3412
4th - 5th CEE 4311, AEN 4311, AEN 4112, MAT 4119, AEN 4612, AEN 4512

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Progression from year to year of study

Progression pre-requisites
2nd – 3rd CEE 2219, EEE 2019, MAT 2110, MEC 2009, ME 2309, ENG 2139
3rd – 4th CEE 3222, CEE 3211, CEE 3112, CEE 3311, MAT 3110, GEO 3522, GGY 3051
4 –5
th th
CEE 4211, CEE 4311, CEE 4422, CEE 4511, CEE 4612, MAT 4119, ENG 4129, ENG
4143, GEO 4812

Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Progression from year to year of study

Progression pre-requisites
2nd – 3rd CEE 2219, EEE 2019, ENG 2129, ENG 2139, ENG 2159, MAT 2110, MEC 2009,
MEC 2309
3 –4
rd th
EEE 3112, EEE 3121, EEE 3131, EEE 3132, EEE 3352, EEE 3571, ENG 3165, MAT
3110
4 – 5 (EMP): EEE 4021, EEE 4221, EEE 4242, EEE 4352, EEE 4362, EEE 4571, EEE 4135,
th th

ENG 4129, MAT 4119

4 – 5 (ET): EEE 4021, EEE 4221, EEE 4242, EEE 4670, EEE 4682, EEE 4135, ENG 4129,
th th

MAT 4119

Geomatic Engineering

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Progression from year to year of study
Progression pre-requisites
2nd - 3rd MAT 2110, ENG 2139, ENG 2129, MEC 2009, CEE 2219, EEE 2019, ENG 2159,
MEC 2309
3rd – 4th MAT 3110, GEO 3711, GEO 3622, GEO 3222
4 –5
th th
MAT 4119, GEO 4411, GEO 4622, GEO 4712, GEO 4311

Mechanical Engineering

Progression from year to year of study

Progression pre-requisites
2nd – 3rd: CEE 2219, EEE 2019, ENG 2129, ENG 2139, MEC 2009, ENG 2159, MEC 2309,
MAT 2110.
3rd – 4th: CEE 3311, MAT 3111, MAT 3112, MEC 3001, MEC 3102, MEC 3352, MEC 3401,
MEC 3705
4th – 5th: MAT 4111, MEC 4055, MEC 4105, MEC 4351, MEC 4402

(a) A full-time student who proceeds to the next academic year of study carrying a failed
course(s) will have his/her programme determined by the Board of Studies. The failed
course(s) will not necessarily be taken in the following year, and some course(s) in the
normal programme may have to be deferred.
(b) A full-time student who passes at least six (6) half courses in the academic year of a normal
programme, but who nevertheless cannot proceed to the next year of study because of not
satisfying the conditions of (a) above, may at the discretion of the Board of Studies of the
School of Engineering, be permitted to repeat as a part-time student only those courses in
which he/she has failed.
(c) A student repeating any course shall be required to repeat all the components of the course
work.
(d) A student repeating any course shall receive only those grades which he obtains at the
subsequent end-of-session assessment. Irrespective of the grades obtained, repeated courses
or their substitutes shall carry no points for the purposes of degree classification or quota
allocation.
(e) Any student who has twice attempted any course or subject but has failed to obtain a pass in
that course shall not be entitled to re-enrol in that course without permission of the Senate.
This means failure in a repeated course results in exclusion from the School.
(f) A student may withdraw from a course within 2 weeks of the commencement of that course.
A student who withdraws from a course after this date shall be deemed to have left without
permission (LT) from the course concerned unless given prior permission by the Dean to
withdraw.
(g) Where a student repeats course(s) by part-time studies, he may be permitted to re-register
for full time studies if he passes all the courses repeated by part-time studies. Repeated
courses will be given normal grades, but irrespective of the grade obtained, they shall carry
a weighting equivalent to "C", for the purpose of assessing academic performance and
computing the degree classification.
(h) A student who was excluded from the School of Engineering, may, on appeal and at the
discretion of the Board of Studies be recommended to Senate for re-admission to a

10
 programme of study under the discretion of the Board of Studies. The recommendation shall
be based on relevant factors gathered from both his period of university studies and after
leaving the university. The student is required to stay away from the School for a period not
less than one academic year.

Condition for re-admission

In addition to the general University regulations for readmission of excluded students, a student
would normally be recommended for re-admission into the School of Engineering if he/she has
either been engaged in relevant engineering activities or undergone further related studies in
engineering during the period of exclusion.

Industrial Training
(i) Industrial training and/or fieldwork is an essential part of the undergraduate training and
therefore forms part of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering.
(ii) A student will be required to do a minimum of fourteen weeks of industrial training before
he/she can graduate. Under exceptional circumstances, and on the recommendation of the
Industrial Training Committee, the Board of Studies of Engineering may accept a period of
Industrial Training performed after second year to make up for any shortfall in the required
fourteen weeks provided that the outstanding period does not exceed two weeks.
(iii) The School of Engineering will arrange for the placement of students. At the end of each
vacation, each student will be required to submit a written report of his activities during that
training period.
(iv) All reports must be submitted within three weeks of the beginning of the academic year
following the vacation training period. Reports should be submitted to the Departmental
Industrial Training Co-ordinators.
(v) The School Industrial Training Committee shall be required to prepare and circulate, at the
beginning of each vacation period, guidelines for both students and employers on the nature,
scope and conduct of vacation training and supervision expected by the School.
(vi) Industrial Training/Field Work will be graded as satisfactory or unsatisfactory on the basis
of:
• Individual students' written reports;
• Employers' or field supervisors' confidential report; and,
• Report of the staff member visiting the student during the industrial period.
• When necessary, the Industrial Training Committee may interview a student on his
activities during the industrial period and recommend a decision on grading for Board
approval.

Degree Classification
There shall be four classes of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering: Distinction, Merit, Credit,
and Pass. The classes of the degree awarded shall be determined by the Senate on the
recommendation of the Board of Studies. The classification shall be based on the grades which the
students obtained in all the courses required in the years 4 and 5 of a normal programme, except
that the grade obtained in any repeated course shall count as zero for this purpose.

A candidate who has satisfied all the conditions prescribed for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering and any other conditions prescribed by the University shall be entitled to apply for

11
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering.

INTERPRETATION OF REGULATIONS

On matters concerning the interpretation of these regulations, the decision of the University Senate
shall be final and binding.

General Guidelines for Students

Guidelines on Deferred Examinations
1. Requests for deferred examinations together with supporting documentary evidence must be
filed with the Dean two days prior to the start of examination.
2. In exceptional circumstances, a request may be made just before the examination, but in such
a case the student cannot be guaranteed an immediate response. The student may therefore
be advised to consider attending the examination while efforts are made to review the
request.
3. The Dean shall appoint a committee chaired by the Assistant Dean (Undergraduate) whose
members will include the Head of Department and one other member of the department
(preferably the class tutor), and in the case of students not attached to any department, one
senior member of staff and a second year tutor to consider requests for deferred examinations
from students.
4. The committee shall make a recommendation to the Dean who shall then inform the student
about the outcome of the request.
5. The committee may be guided in its review by, but not limited to, the following:
(a) In cases of physical or mental illness, or other medical condition, the committee shall
rely only on the express recommendation of the Medical Officer of the University of
Zambia who shall be required to certify that the student is unfit to attend an
examination.
(b) In cases of bereavement, the committee shall consider only the death of relations in
the immediate (nuclear) family of the student and legally registered guardians of the
student.
(c) In cases where the student is under police custody or other incarceration, the committee
shall verify with the authorities involved and decide on the basis of evidence at hand.
A student who misses an examination under these circumstances, but is later released
with or without being charged by the Police but who has not been convicted may be
considered for deferred examinations. A student released from other forms of bondage
may also be considered for deferred examinations after consultations with relevant
authorities.

Guidelines on Grades
The course grades and comments in Table 1.2 will used:

Table 1.2: Course grade and comments

Points Points
Grade Range (Half (Full Description
course) Course)
A+ 90 – 100 2.5 5.0 Distinction with Excellence
A 80 – 89 2.0 4.0 Distinction

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 B+ 70 – 79 1.5 3.0 Meritorious
B 60 – 69 1.0 2.0 Very Satisfactory
C+ 50 – 59 0.5 1.0 Definite Pass
C 40 – 49 0 0 Bare Pass
D+ 35 – 39 0 Bare Fail
D 30 – 34 0
Definite Fail
E Below 30
NE No Examination taken
LT Left without permission
WP Withdrawn with permission
DA Deferred Assessment (For School use only)
DF Deferred examination
S Satisfactory
U Unsatisfactory
P Pass in a Supplementary Examination
F Fail in a Supplementary Examination
WD Withdrawn with penalty
IN Incomplete

Guidelines on Quota Allocation

Department Allocation (%)
Agricultural Engineering 12
Civil and Environmental Engineering 22
Electrical and Electronic Engineering 26
Geomatic Engineering 14
Mechanical Engineering 26
Total 100

Weighting Factors for Second Year Courses Used in Quota Allocation

Civil and Electrical and
Agricultural Geomatic Mechanical
COURSE Environmental Electronic
Engineering Engineering Engineering
Engineering Engineering
CEE 2219 3 4 3 2 3
EEE 2019 3 3 4 1 2
ENG 2159 2 3 2 2 3
MAT 2110 4 4 4 4 4
MEC 2009 3 3 3 2 4

A student who has a diploma in a specific field of study will be allocated to his or her first choice
quota in order not to disturb his or her career. This is the case only when the student wishes to
pursue the same programme as that in which he or she has a diploma.

Students whose private sponsors indicate a special preference are also allocated to their first choice
quota in order not to disturb their sponsorship. A letter from the sponsor is required as proof for
this condition to apply.

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The Board of Studies of the School of Engineering reserves the right to review the conditions for
quota allocations. Examples of this may include cases when it wishes to promote engineering
among female students or to promote a specific programme of study. In these cases special
considerations may be applied. These considerations will be communicated to students before the
quota allocations are done.

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 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
NATURAL SCIENCES COURSES

BIO 1412: CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS (Credit 2.5)

3 hours lectures and 3 hours laboratory/tutorial per week

The cell:
Cell structure and division: An elementary study of chromosome structure. Nucleic acids (DNA,
RNA) structure and role in protein synthesis: Enzymes and factors regulating enzymatic activity:
The mitochondria and cellular respiration.
Genetics:
The principles of Mendelian genetics: Monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance including back-cross
and test-cross; Sex determination and sex linkage; Multiple alleles; Gene interaction;
Chromosomal change.

Prescribed Text
1. Phillips, W.D. and Chitton, T. 1989, A Level Biology, Oxford Univ. Press, London. ISBN
0-19-914089-8

Recommended Text
1. William, P.D., Solomon, E.P. and Berg, L.R. 1990, The World of Biology, Saunders College
Publishing.

CHE 1000: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY 1 (Credit 2.5)

3 hours lectures, 1 hour tutorial, 3 hours laboratory per week

Stoichiometry:
(a) Measurements: significant figures, units and unit conversion, uncertainties in experiments;
(b) Elementary idea of atoms, molecules and ions; Atomic structure; Relative atomic mass and
relative molecular mass; The mole concept, Avogadro’s number.
(c) Chemical formula: empirical, molecular and structural formulae; Determination of empirical
and molecular formulae from percentage composition; Atomic mass from percentage
composition.
(d) Chemical equations, balancing of equations.
(e) Mass or mole relations of reactants and products in a chemical reaction; Reactions in
solution; Molarity; Reactions involving acids and bases, titrations.
(f) Reaction types; Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases; Oxidation - reduction
reactions (definition); Oxidation number; Balancing of oxidation - reduction reaction
equations; Calculations involving precipitation and oxidation - reduction reactions.
Electrochemistry:
Electrolysis; Laws of electrolysis; Cells; Reduction potentials; Electrochemical reactions.
Physical state of matter:
Nature of solids, liquids and gases; The gas laws; Avogadro’s or Gay-Lussac’s laws; law of partial
pressures in gas mixtures; Graham’s law of diffusion; elementary treatment of the kinetic theory

15
of gases; Van der Waals equation; Liquefaction.
Atomic structure:
Light and spectra; Bohr model of the atom, quantum mechanical model, electronic configuration,
Periodic Table trends.
Chemical bonding, structure and shape of molecules
Ionic and covalent bonding, Lewis structures; resonance; shapes of molecules; VSEPR theory;
polar moles; hybridisation.
Periodic Table: metals, non-metals, metalloids; trends in ionisation potential, electron affinity and
electronegativity.
Thermochemistry:
Heat of chemical reactions and determination; Hess’s law; Bond energy; Resonance energy.

Recommended Texts
1. Brady, James E. and Humiston, Gerald E., General Chemistry, Principles and Structures, 4 th
Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
2. Banda, S.F. and Kumar, G., Introductory Chemistry, Part I, University of Zambia, Lusaka,
1995

CHE 1000: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY II (Credit 2.5)

3 hours lectures, 1 hour tutorial and 3 hours laboratory per week

Chemical kinetics:
Reaction rates and their measurements; Factors influencing rates of reactions; Rate equation or
rate law; Theory of reaction rates; Activation energy and activated complex; Catalysis.
Equilibrium:
Equilibrium, phase and chemical equilibria; solubility product constants; Le Chatelier’s Principle.
Acids and bases: pH, buffers, titration curves, hydrolysis of salts.
Intermolecular forces:
Intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole bonds, polar molecules; dispersion forces, polarisability;
hydrogen bonding. Applications in liquids: surface tension; capillary action; viscosity;
dimerisation of carboxylic acids. Changes of state; vapour pressure; critical point; Clausius-
Clapeyron equation; phase diagrams.
Solutions and their properties:
Solution terminology: dilute / concentrated; unsaturated /saturated / supersaturated; weak and
strong electrolytes / non-electrolytes. Concentration units: mass percentage; mole fraction;
molarity; molality. Principles of solubility; enthalpy of solution; effect of temperature and
pressure on solubility, Henry’s Law. Colligative properties: vapour pressure lowering, Raoult’s
Law; boiling point elevation; freezing point depression; osmotic pressure; electrolytes - van’t Hoff
factor.
Introduction to organic chemistry:
- Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds: classification; a survey of organic
functional groups; IUPAC system; naming of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, alcohols,
and cycloalkanes.
- Bonding in organic compounds: a non-mathematical treatment of covalent bonding; molecular
orbitals; orbital hybridisation: sp, sp2, sp3 orbitals with respect to (a) C-C, C-H, C-N, C-O,
carbonhalogen, N-H and O-H bonds, and (b) benzene; polarisability of covalent bonds; co-ordinate

16
bonds; concept of resonance.
- Isomerism: structural isomerism; basic treatment of cis - trans isomerism with reference to C=C
and cycloalkanes only.
Hydrocarbons: structure, physical properties and reactivity; Combustion of hydrocarbons;
Reactions; Mechanism of halogenation, orientation and relative reactivities of alkanes towards
halogenation; Synthesis of alkanes via Grignard reagents and lithium dialkylcuprates; Pyrolysis -
cracking of petroleum; Simple treatment of fractional distillation.

Recommended Texts
1. Brady, James E. and Humiston, Gerald E., General Chemistry, Principles and Structures, 4 th
Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
2. Banda, S.F. and Kumar, G., Introductory Chemistry, Part I, University of Zambia, Lusaka,
1995

MAT 1100: MATHEMATICAL METHODS I (Credit 2.5)

3 hours lectures and 3 hours laboratory/tutorial per week

Introductory set theory:

Definition of sets; the empty and universal set; subsets; union and intersection of sets; de Morgan’s
laws: complement of a set; binary operations; relations; mappings; functions and their inverses;
sets of numbers - integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers.
Preliminary Algebra:
Quadratic equations: completing the square; maximum and minimum values of quadratic functions
and their graphs, polynomials, the factor theorem; the remainder theorem; approximation to the
roots of equations; solutions of surd equations and fractional equations; inequalities.
Elementary Functions:
The standard functions; sinx, cosx, ex, sinhx, coshx on R, their properties including basic identities
and graphs; inverse functions.
Elementary Differential Calculus:
Limits; continuity; derivatives; derivatives of sums, products; quotients and composite functions;
derivatives of trigonometric functions, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, exponential
functions, logarithmic functions; higher order derivatives.
Prescribed Text
1. Backhouse, J.K. and Holdsworth, S.P.T. 1985, Pure Mathematics 1, Longman
Recommended Text
1. Kaufman, J.E., 1987, College Algebra and Trigonometry, PWS Publishers.

MAT 1100: MATHEMATICAL METHODS II FOR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES

5 Hours lecture + 2 hours tutorial hours + 3 hours Clinic per week

Mathematical Induction:
Factorial; Cr; (r); Binomial; n positive integer extended with n a rational number to be used in
the expansion of (1+x)n, nQ considering the conditions –1, x, 1
Analytical Geometry:

17
Plane coordinate system (x,y) the Cartesian system; loci; Equation of a point moving under certain
restrictions; First degree equations: ax + by + c = 0 representing a line; Perpendicular lines; Angle
between two lines; Second degree equations: ax² + by² + cxy + dx + ey + f = 0 representing two
intersecting lines; a Parabola; an Ellipse; a Hyperbola; a Circle (conics); Circle, equation, centre
and radius; Tangent and normal to a circle intersection of a circle and a line, of two circles;
Applications
Three Dimensional Vectors
Geometrical representation; Magnitude of a vector, Vector operations: a + b, a.b, axb, and the laws
of algebra: a(b + c) = a.b + a.c and ax(b + c) = axc: Applications
Trigonometry
Inverse trigometrical function and graph; Extended sum and difference of angles; Double and half
angle formula; Factor formula.
Further Trigonometry
Exponential functions and the graph; Hyperbolic functions and inverse hyperbolic functions,
logarithmic functions and the graph; Applications.
Further Complex Numbers
Argand diagram; Polar form of a complex number; Roots of complex numbers.
Matrices and Determinants
Concept of matrix; particular matrices 0 and 1; Transpose AT of A; Addition and subtraction of
matrices; Multiplication by a scalar Multiplication of matrices; Determine of A Minors and
cofactors); Properties of determinants; Use of determinants in the solution of a system of
simultaneous linear equations (using Cramer’s rule or using adjoint matrix and inverse matrix);
Applications.
Further Differential Calculus
Rate of change: Implicit differentiation; Higher order derivatives; concavity; Stationery point
(point of inflection); Curve sketching of polynomials (domain, parity, asymptotes – vertical and
horizontal, f(x) and f(x); Rational and radical functions; Derivatives of trigonometric functions
and inverse trigonometric functions. Derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions,
Applications.
Integral Calculus
Indefinite integral as the inverse operation of differentiation; Integration of standard functions; the
substitution method; Integration of rational functions; Integration by parts; Definite integral; Area
under a curve and applications; Separable differential equations of first order and applications.

Prescribed Textbooks
1. Pure Mathematics I and II, Backhouse J.K. and S.P.T. Houldsworth, 1985, Longman
2. Essential Pure Mathematics, Backhouse J.K., Houldsworth S.P. T. Horrid, and Wood, 1995,
Longman.

Recommended Textbooks
1. College algebra and Trigonometry, J.E. Kaufman, 1987, PWS Publishers
2. Essential mathematics for A-level, Taylor and Atkinson, 1991, Nelson
3. The Complete A-Level Maths, Gough, 1987, Heinemann
4. Modular Mathematics for London AS and A-level P1, P2 and P3, Mannali and Kenwood,
1994, Heinemann.
5. Further Pure Mathematics, Boardman, Burghes and Cross, 1994, Heinemann
6. Analytic Geometry, Thomas G. B. and R. L. Finney, 1988 Addison Wesley.

18
PHY 1010: INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS I (Credit 5)
3 hours lectures and 3 hours laboratory/tutorial per week

Vectors and their use Uniformly accelerated motion; units Newton’s laws Work and energy Linear
momentum Motion in a circle, Rotational work, Energy and momentum, Static Equilibrium,
Mechanical properties of matter, Gases and the kinetic theory, Thermal properties of matter.
Thermodynamics, Vibration and waves, Sound.
Fluid Mechanics
Pressure in a fluid; Archimedes principle; Viscosity; Bernoulli’s equation; Laminar and turbulent
flow;
Stokes’ law; Terminal velocity
Molecular Properties of Matter
The mole and Avogadro’s number; Ideal gas and applications; Molecular speeds.
Thermodynamics
Processes in gases; Order and disorder; Entropy; Carnot engine; Heat engines; Kelvin scale.
Waves
Description of a wave; Wave reflection; Wave resonance; Longitudinal and transverse waves;
Compressional waves; Sound and Acoustic Phenomena: Sound waves in air, Speed of sound;
Sound intensity; Reception of sound by the ear; interference of sound waves; Beats, Resonance of
air columns; Doppler effect.
Electric Forces and Fields
Electric change, Insulators and conductors; Electroscope; Methods of charging; Coulomb’s law;
Electric fields; electric field in various systems.
Electric Potential
Electric potential energy; Potential difference; Equipmentials; Electronvolt; Absolute potentials;
Capacitors; Dielectrics; Energy stores in a field.
DC Circuits
Electric current; Ohm’s law; Resistivity; Power and energy in circuits; Kirchhoff’s rules; Resistors
in series and parallel; Various circuit problems; EMF of a battery.
Magnetism
Magnetism field; Magnet field of current; Force on a current; Force on a moving charge; Particle
motion in a magnetic field; Magnetic materials; Force and torque on a current loop; Motors and
meters.
Electromagnetic Induction
Induction phenomena; Motional emf; Magnetic flux; Faraday’s law; Lenz’s law; inductance;
Inductive time constant; Magnetic energy; Generators; Transformers.
Alternating Currents
Effective current and voltage; Phasors; Resistance, inductance and capacitance; The LRC series
circuit; Series resonance; LRC parallel circuits; Rectifying systems.
Electromagnetic (EM) Waves
Wave characterisation; Speed of EM waves; Electromagnetic spectrum; Radio waves.
Properties of light
Concept of light; Speed of light; Reflection; Convex, concave and place mirrors; Mirror equation;
Refraction; Snell’s law; Total internal reflection; Lenses; The lens of forma; Image formation;
Combination of lenses.

19
Optical Instruments
The eye; Simple camera; Magnifying glass; Microscope; Telescope; Binoculars; Prism
spectrometer.
Physical Optics
Interference of light; Coherent sources; Double slit; Interference in this films; Diffraction grating;
Diffraction; Resolving power, Polarization; Scattering.
Relativistic Mechanics
Einstein’s postulates; Speed of light; Simultaneity; Length contraction; Time dilation;
Mass/energy relation; Special effects.
Waves and Particles
Planck’s discovery; Photoelectric effect; Photons; Compton effect; Matter waves; De Broglie
wavelength; Wave mechanics; Stationery states; Probability and uncertainty.
The Atom
The Bohr model; Hydrogen energy levels; Atomic spectra; Emission and absorption spectra;
Quantum
Theory of the atom; Quantum numbers; Exclusion principle; The periodic table; Lasers.
The Nucleus
Nuclear composition; Isotopes; Size and stability; Binding energy; Radioactivity; Exponential
decay; Radioactive series; Nuclear reactions; Detention of radiation and units; Medical
applications; Radioactive dating; Fission and fusion; Reactors.

Prescribed Textbooks

Recommended Textbooks

20
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING COURSES

COURSE DETAILS

THIRD YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: AEN 3412

COURSE TITLE: SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING

Rationale
One of the principal reasons for the siltation of irrigation canals, reservoirs, drainage ditches and
low productivity in agriculture is the progressive deterioration of soil due to erosion. Soil erosion
is a result of misuse of land. There is also a need to understand the physical properties and attributes
of soil because they affect engineering, agricultural and environmental processes such as:
1. Engineering and construction: strength of earthen dams and foundations
2. Agricultural work: tillage power requirements, soil compaction problems, irrigation and
drainage systems
3. Plant growth: water availability, root penetration, nutrient availability
4. Environment management: transport of contaminants in groundwater, selection of landfills
and graveyards

This course in Soil and Water Conservation Engineering will provide the students with the
knowledge and skills needed for the management of sustainable agricultural production systems,
construction dewatering and safe environments. Sustainable productivity can be achieved by
implementing soil and water conservation techniques which will reduce erosion to acceptable
levels, maintain soil fertility and minimize adverse environmental impacts. The course will stress
soil and water conservation principles as they apply to natural situations and human-induced
agronomic systems. The design of erosion control structures as well as the factors which influence
the rate of erosion (rainfall, runoff, wind, soil, slope, plant cover, presence or absence of
conservation measures) and their control will be highlighted and taught in detail.

Course Objectives
After completing the course the student should be able to:
1. Describe the basics of soil physical properties and processes
2. Explain the effect of soil physical properties on crop growth and soil water movement in a
given situation using readily available information
3. Determine the structure and textural composition of soil and related classification schemes
4. Calculate the soil moisture content and plot soil moisture content profiles for given soil
horizons
5. Apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation and demonstrate its applications
6. Draw and produce sustainable land use conservation plans
7. Apply engineering principles to the solution of soil and water conservation problems
8. Explain the use of structural and non-structural conservation practices

Course Content

21
Review of Hydro-Physics
Soil physical parameters; effective soil depth, soil texture, soil structure, bulk density and pore
space, infiltration and intake rate, tilth, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water.
The soil as a reservoir; calculating soil moisture content, methods of determining soil moisture
content. Darcy’s equation, hydraulic conductivity, soil temperature, soil aeration, soil strength,
soil compaction and consolidation, soil water distribution, soil water balance, crop water
requirements
The Soil Erosion System
Erosion and civilisation, historical perspective, natural and accelerated erosion. Agents of erosion;
biophysical, economical and social factors contributing to erosion. Effects of erosion on land
productivity and on water and air quality
Water Erosion
Principles of water erosion; factors affecting erosion by water: climate, soil cover, vegetation, and
topography. Forms of water erosion: splash, sheet (interrill), gully. Mechanics of water erosion:
detachment and transport of soil particles by raindrops and overland flow, runoff process, runoff
estimation, measurement of sediment, residual effects of agricultural chemicals. Rainfall erosivity:
definition, estimation and uses. Soil erodibility: definition, factors, estimation, interaction with
erosivity. Predicting soil loss: model types, USLE and SLEMSA and their applications
Wind Erosion and Its Control
Factors affecting wind erosion. Soil movement by wind; types of movement, the effects of wind
erosion, quantities of soil moved, estimating soil loss by wind. Control methods: agronomic
methods; land management, crop management, tillage techniques and implements, windbreaks and
shelterbelts
Soil and Water Conservation
Agronomic methods; principles, crop management: cover crops, rotations, mulching, cropping
methods. Mechanical methods of erosion control; contours, waterways, storm water drains,
terraces: types and design methods, conservation tillage methods, gully erosion control: principles
and design of stabilization structures. Drainage and wetlands: principles
Soil Management, Reclamation and Soil Conservation Planning
Diagnosis, characteristics, classification and reclamation of: saline, saline-sodic and sodic soils.
Management of problem soils. Soil conservation planning; maps and mapping, land evaluation,
soil surveys and classification, feasibility, social economic and political issues.

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours per week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours per week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignment 5%
Laboratory Reports 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Fangmeier, D.D., Elliot, W.J., Workman, S.R., Huffman, R.L & Schwab, G.O. 2011. Soil

22
 and Water Conservation Engineering. 6th Edition. Delmar Cengage Learning. ISBN: 1-
892769-79-4.

Recommended Readings
1. Hudson, N. 1995. Soil Conservation. Batsford. ISBN: 0813823722.
2. Morgan, R.P.C. 2004. Soil Erosion & Conservation. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-
1781-4.
3. Hausenbuiller, R.I. 1985. Soil Science: principles and practices. Wm. C. Brown Co. Pl.
ISBN: 0697058565.
4. Viessman, W., Knapp, J.W., Lewis, G.L. & Harbaugh, T.E. 2003. Introduction to
Hydrology. Harper & Row Pl. ISBN: 0673991652.

FOURTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: AEN 4311

COURSE TITLE: FARM POWER

Rationale
Power is needed on the farm for a variety of operations, which may be either mobile or stationary.
Power requirement for field operations involved in crop production invariably need to be mobile.
This limits the potential power sources for crop production to human power, animal draft power
and mechanical power. The decision as to which of these three would be most suitable will vary
with the situation.

This course is intended to provide tools that will enable students to make decisions on how to most
effectively apply each power source to any given situation, by matching each situation to the
inherent characteristics of each power source, which are extensively covered.

In addition to the traditional sources of farm power, agriculture today has become reliant on
electrical energy and its use has continued to grow. It is therefore very important that students
understand the basic principles of electricity and develop the ability to apply them to practical
situations. This course also assists the students in attaining a basic understanding of the nature of
electricity and in developing skills in solving the problems associated with applying electricity in
agriculture.

Course Objectives:
Upon completion of the course, students should be able to:
1. Outline the role played by human power in crop production
2. Describe how the power is produced in each power source
3. Outline the procedure for selection of animals for draft power
4. List the major systems essential for smooth operation of a mechanical power source and state
their respective roles in the operation of the power unit
5. Analyse farm power requirements for a given situation and make appropriate
recommendations.

Course Content:

23
Human Power
Changing Roles of Human Power in Agriculture; Characteristics of Human Power; Energy
Metabolism and Muscular Activity; Physical Work Output and Power Consumption
Animal Draft Power (ADP)
Characteristics of Draught Animal Species Found in Zambia, Selection Procedure of Draft
Animals, Energy Conversion in Draught Animals, Harnesses for Draught Animals, Forces on
Draught Animal-Implement Combination, Draft Animal Housing and Health.
Mechanical Power
Basic Thermodynamics of Engines: Laws of Thermodynamics, Gas Laws Governing the
Operation of Engines, Theoretical Otto Cycle, Theoretical Diesel Cycles, Dual Cycle Engine,
Practical Engine Cycles, Engine Classification, Engine Components, Engine Timing, Ignition and
Injection Timing. Firing Order and Interval. Power Efficiencies and Measurement: Mean
Effective Pressures, volumetric Efficiency. Engine Tests.
Fuels and Fuel Systems
Fuel Properties and Additives, Fuel Combustion Process, Stoichiometric Air - Fuel Ratio, Petrol
and Diesel Fuel Systems, Introduction to Biofuels
Cooling System
Functions of Engine Cooling System, Cooling System Classification, Cooling System
Components, Radiator Selection.
Lubrication Systems
Functions of lubrication oil, Classification of Lubricants, Lubrication Oil additives, Lubrication
System Classification, Components of Lubrication Systems.
Hydraulics
Basic Principles of Hydraulics, Hydraulic Components, Symbols and their Performance, Pumps,
Valves, Cylinders, Motors, Accumulators and lines. Hydraulic Fluids, Hydraulic Systems, Open
Centre Systems, Closed Centre Systems, Graphical Representation of Hydraulic Circuits.
Hydraulic Hitches: Three Point Linkage, Implement Control Systems; Draft Control System,
Position Control System
Power Train
Functions of a Power Train, Classification of Transmissions, Components of a Power Train, Basic
Theory of Transmissions
Farm Electrification
Fundamentals of Electricity, Analysis of Electric circuits; Resistive, Inductive, capacitive and
Combination Loads ,Power Factor and Power Factor Correction, Power Transmission and
Distribution Systems, Planning Farmstead Power Distribution System. Electro-mechanical Energy
Conversion i.e. Electric Motors and Generators / Alternators. Regulations for Electrical Power
Supply for Domestic, Shop and Farm Processing Facilities.

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week,
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week
Assessment:
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Lab Reports 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

24
Prescribed Books
1. Jonsson, L. 1989. Ox-Mechanisation, Training Manual for Agricultural Engineering Extension
Staff. Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries, Republic of Zambia.
2. Goering, C.E. & Hansen A.C. 2004. Engine and Tractor Power. 4thEdition. ASABE,
Michigan, USA. ISBN: 1-892769-42-5.
3. Gustafson, R.J. & Morgan, M.T. 2004. Fundamentals of Electricity for Agriculture.
3rdEdition. ASABE Michigan. ISBN: 1-892769-39-5.

Recommended Readings
1. Goering, C.E., Stone, M.L., Smith, D.W. & Turnquist P. K. 2005. Off-Road Vehicle
Engineering Principles. ASABE Michigan. ISBN: 1-892769-26-3.
2. Alder, U. 1994. Automotive Handbook. 3rdEdition. Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuggart, Germany.
ISBN: 1-56091-372-X.
3. Crossley, P. & Kilgour, J. 1983. Small Farm Mechanisation for Developing Countries. John
Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 0 471 901016.

COURSE CODE: AEN 4112

COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY DESIGN

Rationale
Manufacture of agricultural machinery in Zambia is very limited with most of the agricultural
implements being imported from outside the country. These implements benefit only the few large
commercial farmers leaving the bulk of the small scale farmers struggling with whatever tools they
can lay their hands on. Secondly the lifetime of the imported machinery is limited due to the
inadequacies of installation and maintenance knowledge of agriculture machinery. Hence the need
for the course in Agricultural Machinery Design.

Engineering design is defined as the total activity necessary to provide an artifact to meet market.
Therefore Agricultural Machinery design is the total activity required in producing a machine for
agricultural process use. It is also highly complex, highly iterative and highly interactive.

The course provides understanding in the design and manufacture of agricultural equipment for
the local environment and maintenance of agricultural equipment. In addition it provides students
an atmosphere to develop and integrate creative and analytical skills for solving open-ended
problems faced in engineering practice.

Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
1. Define the requirements or the specifications of a design
2. Synthesise alternative design approaches
3. Apply analysis techniques to develop a selected design.
4. Determine stresses and compare them with the strength of the element being examined.
5. Match a power source to the load and design the transmission system involved.
6. Design and select the common machine elements
7. Determine the production methods that can be used in producing machine elements.

25
8. Design simple agricultural implements
9. Test the performance of an agricultural machine

Course Content:
Introduction to Machine design
Basic material science: Structure construction and basic mechanical properties of polymers, soil
cement/concrete, ceramics and metals. Carbon steels and their classification. Alloying and heat
treatment for desired properties, metals and their physical properties, corrosion, oxidation and
abrasion
Mechanical properties, elasticity creep, work hardening. Fracture and fatigue, crack propagation.
Basic production engineering casting, extrusion, rolling, forming processes, fabrication etc.,
machine tools, lathes, shapers, planers, drills, reamers etc.
General structure design:
Basic principles; materials and manufacturing considerations in designing; marking stresses,
fatigue and endurance limit; ISO codes; design of basic machine parts like shafts, keys, splines,
couplings, levers, etc., design of joints, design and selection of machine components like gears,
bearings and belts; complete analysis, design and drawing of simple machine units, use of CAD
for design.
Agricultural Machine design
Structure configuration of main machinery types. Calculation of peek loads and how these loads
are computed in design strength considerations and material selection in cultivation crop
establishment, harvesting etc.
Structure design features of the main agricultural implements i.e. ploughs seeding mechanism. A
mini project will be included to ensure that the students get a comprehensive view of the design
process.

Prerequisites:
MEC 3352

Related courses
MEC 4055
MEC 5051

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Practical/Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments and practicals 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Shigley, J.E., Mishke, C. & Budynas, R. 2003. Mechanical Engineering Design. McGraw-
Hill. ISBN: 0072921935, 9780072921939.
2. Hurst, K. 1995. Rotary Power Transmission Design. Mc. Graw-Hill. ISBN: 0077078527.

26
3. Christianson, L.L. & Rohrback, R.P. 1986. Design in Agricultural Engineering, ASAE. St
Joseph, MI. ISBN: 0916150-80-11986.

Recommended Readings
1. Srivastavia, A.K. Goering, C. E. & Rohrbach, R.P. 2005. Engineering Principles of
Agricultural Machines. ASAE. ISBN: 1892769506.

COURSE CODE: AEN 4512

COURSE TITLE: FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING

Rationale
Food processing involves a combination of procedures aimed at achieving intended changes to
food raw materials. This is done in a number of ways such as the application of heat to the food or
passing the food through some size reduction devices. High agricultural yields have not been
matched with high processing capacity resulting in high food losses. Food processing therefore
reduces food losses and adds much more economic values to agricultural products than they
originally had.

Aims
1. To increase the variety of foods available to the consumer by changing the flavours, aromas,
colours, texture and form of the food.
2. To preserve the food by inhibiting microbial and biochemical changes and thus extend the
shelf life of the food.
3. To provide the nutrients required for good health.
4. To make money and provide employment to people.
5. To add value by developing products of greater economic value from food raw materials.

Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
1. Describe material and energy balances in food processing operations.
2. Describe the preservation of foods.
3. Design food processing equipment.
4. Explain unit operations in food engineering.

Course content
Basic Principles of Food Process Engineering
Conservation of mass, engineering process, dimensions and units, material and energy balances.
Engineering principles
Pumps and fans: positive displacement pumps, jet pumps, air-lift pumps, propeller pumps and
fans, centrifugal pumps and fans; pumps for the process industries; matching of pumps and
pipelines.
Heat transfer theory: heat conduction, surface heat transfer, unsteady heat transfer, radiation heat
transfer, convection heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer from condensing
vapours, heat transfer to boiling liquids.
Heat transfer applications: heat exchangers, thermal processing, refrigeration, chilling and
freezing.

27
Unit Operations of Food Engineering
Drying: basic theory, mass transfer in drying, psychrometry, equilibrium moisture content, air
drying, conduction drying, drying equipment, moisture loss in freezers and chillers.
Evaporation: single-effect evaporator, multiple-effect evaporator, vapour compression, boiling-
point elevation, evaporation of heat sensitive materials, evaporation equipment.
Contact-equilibrium separation processes theory: concentrations, gas-liquid equilibrium, solid-
liquid equilibrium, equilibrium-concentration relationships, operating conditions, calculation of
separation in contact-equilibrium processes.
Contact-equilibrium separation processes applications: gas absorption, extraction and washing,
crystallization, membrane separations, distillation.
Mechanical separations: velocity of particles moving in a fluid, sedimentation, centrifugal
separations, filtration, sieving.
Size reduction: Grinding and cutting, emulsification.
Mixing: characteristics of mixtures, measurement of mixing, particle mixing, liquid mixing, and
mixing equipment.
Some engineering applications of process engineering in the food industry: meat industry, dairy
industry

Time allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours /week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Fellows, P.J. 1997. Food Processing Technology - Principles and Practice. Woodhead
Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK. ISBN:185 573 271 8.
2. Earle, R.L. 1983. Unit Operations in Food Processing. Revised edition. Pergamon Press,
Oxford, UK. Available at: [Link]/unitoperations/[Link]. ISBN: 0080255
361.

Recommended Readings
1. Brennan, J.G., Butters, J.R., Cowell, N.D. & Lilley, A.E.V. 1990. Food Engineering
Operations. Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK. ISBN:185 166 444 0.
2. Sahay, K.M. & Singh, K.K. 1994. Unit Operations of Agricultural Processing. Vikas
Publishing House PVT Ltd. New Delhi, India. ISBN: 0 70 69 7768 8.

COURSE CODE: AEN 4612

COURSE TITLE: INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL

28
Rationale
The ability of agricultural engineers to measure the extent or intensity of a physical phenomenon
equips them with tools to begin tackling problems in the agricultural production and food industry.
This course intends to teach students fundamental knowledge and provide students practical
experience in instrumentation and measurement. It will teach students guidelines of designing
engineering measurement systems, selecting commercial sensors, and analysing test data. The
course concentrates on the principles involved in the sensing, acquiring, processing, display and
storage of measured physical parameters. Computer assisted data-logging techniques will be
introduced in this course. The engineer may also be concerned with the physical and chemical
processes that characterise the agricultural production systems. Once the Agricultural engineer is
able to fully define a system through measurements of the parameters, he/she may wish to
introduce adjustments to the system. Process control occurs when corrective actions meant to
offset or reverse the adverse effects of disturbances to a given system are taken. The engineer
requires an understanding of the system and its processes and the methods available for controlling
them to produce specific conditions that satisfy required specifications.

Course Objectives
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. Select commercial sensors and data-loggers and acquire signals from instruments
2. Process, condition and analyse signals from instruments
3. Display, record and store acquired and analysed data
4. Define the mathematical modelling of systems
5. Apply available process control methods for control of systems
6. Design and apply a practical engineering measurement and control system

Course Contents
Instrumentation for agricultural and environmental systems
Sensor and transducer theory and applications; Digital systems for data acquisition; Temperature
measurement; Air velocity measurement; Solar radiation measurement ; Relative humidity
measurement; Rainfall measurement; Measurement of force ; Displacement measurement;
Pressure measurement; Level measurement; Flow measurement
Automatic process control
Open loop and closed loop control systems; First and second order feedback systems; Transfer
functions; Accuracy and stability: steady state and transient response, stability criteria, gain margin
and phase margin; Root locus method: root locus plots, construction and interpretation of root
locus diagrams
Design of closed loop systems
Types of control: On/Off, proportional, integral and derivative action; The PID controller; Phase
lag and lag-lead series compensation
Applications to agricultural and environmental systems
Controlling and actuating equipment; Applications of control in mechanization for crop
production; Applications of control in livestock buildings; Applications of control in horticultural
crop production (greenhouses); Applications of control in post-harvest technology

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours per week

29
 Tutorial/laboratory sessions 3 hours every week (alternately)

Assessment:
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory practical 15%
Tests 20%
Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Xavier, S.P.E & Babu, J.C. 2004. Principles of Control Systems. [Link] and Company Ltd,
New Delhi, India. ISBN: 81-219-1778-6.
2. Haslam, J., Summers, G. & Williams, D. 2008. Engineering Instrumentation and Control.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ISBN-13: 978-0-7131-3431-5.

Recommended Readings
1. Albright, L.D. 1997. Environmental Control for Animals and Plants. ASAE. St Joseph,
USA. ISBN: 0-929355-08-3.
2. Cox, S.W.R. 1997. Measurement and Control in Agriculture. Blackwell Science Ltd. UK.
ISBN: 0-632-04114-5.
3. Kamp, P.G.H. & Timmerman, G.J. 1996. Computerised Environmental Control in
Greenhouses. IPC-Plant, Netherlands. ISBN: 90-75627-01-7.
4. Morris, A.S. 2001. Principles of Measurement and Instrumentation. Prentice-Hall
International (UK) Ltd. ISBN: 07-5065-5081-8.
5. Schwarzenbach, J. & Gill, K.F. 1992. System Modelling and Control. Edward Arnold, UK.
ISBN: 10: 0340543795.

FIFTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: AEN 5211

COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES AND INFRASTRUCTURES

Rationale
There is a great need for better farm structures in many developing countries including Zambia.
Farm buildings are an integral part of the farming enterprise and professionals are required to
produce designs and specifications for functional buildings that provide good environment and
durable construction, thus contributing to an efficient and economically sound farm operation.
Other duties of farm building specialists may include research work aimed at finding solutions to
problems relating to the construction and use of agricultural buildings. It is also necessary for the
farm building specialist to understand rural and farmstead life and the economic situation and
needs of farmers especially with respect to provision of rural infrastructures such as roads, bridges,
water and sanitation facilities. It exposes the students to a range of building materials and emphasises
the use of low-cost construction techniques. The topics covered in this course are an important
introduction for students who aim to become farm building specialists and whose work will involve
the planning, design and construction of improved structures for the farmer and his animals and crop.

30
Aims
This course is intended to provide students with knowledge required for planning and design of
structures and infrastructures in keeping with the demands of modern agriculture.

Objectives
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. Identify and determine loads to which buildings are subjected and the risks involved in the
use of structures,
2. Select and specify appropriate building materials, being conversant with their properties,
3. Describe the effects of the quality of the environment in agricultural buildings on farm
animals and stored products,
4. Apply the methods of controlling the environmental factors in and around agricultural
buildings in order to obtain desirable conditions,
5. Design farm buildings for humans, animals, and farm products, being conversant with the
farm building functional planning requirements,
6. Design farmsteads and rural settlements
7. Design simple roads, bridges, drainage systems, and rural water supply and waste
management infrastructures.

Course Content
Building Materials
Introduction to building materials: availability, cost, durability, aesthetics, cultural aspects,Timber,
Soil, Concrete, Steel, Building hardware.
Building construction technology
Foundations and Footings, Floors, Walls, Retaining walls, Roofs, Fixed Fittings and Finishes,
Doors, Windows and shutters, Internal and external finishes, Mechanical services.
Introduction to climatic factors in farm buildings
Zambia's climate and its effects on the materials, form, layout and orientation of farm buildings.
Desirable conditions in farm buildings for farm animal shelters and storage structures.
The control of climatic factors aimed at achieving desirable conditions.
Functional planning of farm buildings
Building legislation, Construction costing, Economic feasibility, Building maintenance.
Organisation of building construction: management, drawings and specifications, tenders,
contracts.
Functional design of buildings: livestock buildings, crop storage structures, farm workshops,
dwellings.
Preparation of building documents: Principles of farmstead and rural settlement planning.
Rural Infrastructure
Provision of water to rural households: quantity, quality, distribution, treatment and storage.
Rural sanitation: low-cost methods of farm-waste management and household sewage.
Rural roads, bridges and drainage systems.

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Tutorial/laboratory 3 hours/week

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Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory practical 15%
Tests 20%
Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Lindley, J. A. 1997. Agricultural Buildings & Structures. Revised edition. American Society
of Agricultural & Biological Engineers. ISBN: 0929355733 and 978-0929355733.

2. Bengtsson, L.P. & Whitaker, J.H. (Editors). 1986. Farm Structures in Tropical Climates - A
Textbook for Structural Engineering and Design. Food and Agricultural Organisation,
Rome, Italy.

Recommended Readings
1. Albright, L.D. 1997. Environmental Control for Animals and Plants. ASAE. St Joseph,
USA. ISBN: 0-929355-08-3.
2. Barry, R. 1970. The Construction of Buildings. Volume 5. Engineering Services, Granada
Publishing House, London, UK. ISBN: 0 258 96798 6.
3. Chudley, R. 1987. Construction Technology. Vol 1. Longman, London, UK. ISBN: 0 582
10264 2.
4. Midwest Plan Services. 1983. Structures and Environment Handbook. Ames, Midwest Plan
Service, USA. ISBN: 0893730572.
5. Jackson, N. & Dhir, R.K. 1988. Civil Engineering Materials. MacMillan, London, UK.
ISBN: 0 333 46501 6.
6. Spence, R.J.S. & Cook, D.J. 1983. Building Materials in Developing Countries. John Wiley
and Sons, Chichester, UK. ISBN: 0 471 10235 0.
7. Midwest Plan Services. 1984. Small Farm-Livestock Buildings and Equipment. Ames,
Midwest Plan Service, USA. ISBN: 0893730602.
8. Mann, H.J. & Williamson, D. 1982. Water Treatment and Sanitation, Simple methods for
Rural Areas. Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK. ISBN: 090303123X.

COURSE CODE : AEN 5421

COURSE TITLE : IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING

Rationale
The course will provide the students with the skills and knowledge needed for the design, operation
and management of small and large irrigation schemes. It is designed to guide them through
various techniques of artificial addition of water to the soil for crop production. Irrigation will be
understood by students as a means of reducing dependency of rain fed agriculture and a way of
providing effective water control and increasing cropping intensities by artificially extending the
wet season to allow for two or more crops to be grown in a year on the same land. The major
component of the course is firmly based on the soil-plant-water relations, irrigation system design
and the study of the irrigation pumping plant. The drainage engineering component is essential

32
for sustainable crop production in irrigated farming. It guarantees the long-term viability of
irrigation through its influence on the water table levels, salinity control and wet zone aeration.

Course Objectives
After completing the course, the student should be able to:
1. Evaluate the irrigation needs and opportunities for any particular situation and select the
system of irrigation.
2. Calculate the irrigation water requirements and assess water resource option.
3. Select pumps and evaluate the performance of pumping plants for surface and groundwater
sources.
4. Design channels for water conveyance and on farm water storage structures.
5. Explain the major devices and methods of measuring flow in irrigation and drainage systems.
6. Design appropriate surface irrigation and pressurized irrigation systems.
7. Design appropriate surface and sub-surface drainage systems.
8. Evaluate the performance of an existing irrigation project and develop solutions to technical
and management problems.

Course Content
Introduction
Role of irrigation in agricultural production, irrigation defined, extent of irrigation. Scope and
importance of drainage, benefits of drainage, drainage and environment.
Water Sources
Rainfall, watershed, surface water, runoff, streams, rivers, groundwater, boreholes and wells.
Farm ponds and hydraulic structures
Farm ponds, site selection, capacity, dam design, earth dam design and construction, outlets,
spillway design. Conveyance and control of irrigation water, flow measurement structures; weirs,
flumes and orifices. Design of channels for water conveyance, lined and unlined canals, velocity
control structures, flow dividing structures and turnouts.
Water requirements and factors in scheduling
Plant-soil-water relationships. Methods of determining soil moisture, water holding capacity of
soils, moisture availability, reference crop evapotranspiration and crop water requirements, crop
coefficients. Calculating evapotranspiration, combination (Penman) methods, and empirical
methods. Irrigation scheduling methods, full irrigation, deficit irrigation, frequency of irrigation,
amounts to apply per irrigation and uniformities.
Pumps and irrigation pumping plants
Review of pumps and water lifting devices, power for pumping, total pumping head, pump
characteristic curves, pump selection, field testing and maintenance of pumps.
Sprinkler irrigation systems
Types of sprinklers systems, sprinkler system components and parameters, hydraulics of sprinkler
systems, pressure pipeline design, principles of sprinkler selection, design and layout.
Trickle (Drip) irrigation systems
Benefits and problems associated with trickle irrigation, trickle systems components and
parameters, trickle irrigation methods, filtration and fertiliser injection, trickle system design.
Surface irrigation systems
Surface irrigation methods and components, low head pipeline design, surface irrigation design;
wild flooding, basin, border and furrow. Layout and management. Surface irrigation processes and
effectiveness.

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Agricultural land drainage
Drainage needs and benefits, types of land requiring drainage, drainage nomenclature, sources of
excess water. Hydraulic conductivity and its measurement. Surface and subsurface drainage
systems. Design procedures; drain layout, spacing and depth. Drain spacing formula; steady-state
conditions, Hooghoudt equation, falling water table (transient) conditions, Glover-Dumm
equation. Maintenance of drainage systems.
Evaluating irrigation projects
Field procedure for collecting required data for a full evaluation, irrigation system, irrigation
method, uniformity, efficiency and seepage losses.

Prerequisites
AEN 3412, CEE 3311, CEE 4311

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours per week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours per week

Assessment
Continuous assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory Reports 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book
1. FAO.2002. Irrigation Manual; Planning, Development, Monitoring & Evaluation of
Irrigated Agriculture with Farmer Participation. SAFR. ISBN: 0-7974-2316-8.

Recommended Readings
1. Jensen, E.M. 2007. Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems. ASAE. Second
Edition. ISBN: 1-892769-64-6.
2. Michael, A.M. 1986. Irrigation Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing. House, PVT Ltd.,
New Delhi. ISBN: 0-7069-4399-6.
3. Luthin, J.N. 1978. Drainage Engineering, Robert E. Krieger Publ. Co. ISBN: 0-88275-578-
1.
4. Kay, G.M. 1993. Surface Irrigation: Systems and Practice. Cranfield Press. ISBN: 0-947767-
26-6.
5. Stern, H.P. 1989. Small-Scale Irrigation. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd. ISBN:
0-903031-64-7.
6. Smedema, L.K. & Rycroft, D.W. 1988. Land Drainage. B.T. Batsford Ltd. ISBN: 0-
7134-6045-8.
7. James, G.L.1988. Principles of Farm Irrigation System Design. Wiley, New York. ISBN:
0- 471-83954-x.
8. Kay, G. M.1983. Sprinklers Irrigation: Equipment and Practice. English Language Book
Society, ELBS. ISBN: 0-7134-4716-8.

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COURSE CODE: AEN 5322
COURSE TITLE: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Rationale
The relevance of this course stems from the fact that in almost all developing countries the demand
for energy is growing as populations increase and economic development takes place; a process
which is often conventionally associated with increasing per capita consumption of energy.
In most of these countries however, it is too clear that there are limits on the ability of existing
energy resources and delivery systems to meet this increasing energy demand, especially in the
energy forms needed by low income groups and at prices they can afford. This situation varies
between and within countries.
This course gives options available in every resource of non-fossil nature. Its purpose is to explain
what can and cannot be done, what realistically can be expected and, not least, to point out the
potential problems both practical and economic, which might have to be faced in using various
techniques and technologies.

Aims
The course is intended to equip students with principles and design tools of renewable energy
sources such as solar, wind, biomass and hydro-power.

Course Objectives
Upon completion of the course, students should be able to:
1. Describe the principles of solar energy utilisation
2. Calculate the available power in wind
3. Design small-scale hydro power stations
4. Design biogas plants

Course Content
Introduction to renewable energy
Principles of renewable energy, fundamentals, renewable energy sources and prospects of
renewable energy sources
Solar Energy
The sun, the solar constant, direct radiation effects of turbidity and cloud cover, spectral
distribution of extraterrestrial radiation, variation of extraterrestrial radiation, direction of beam
radiation, angles of tracking surfaces, ratio of beam radiation on tilted surface to that on horizontal.
Pyrheliometers and Pyrheliometric scales, pyranometers, measurements of duration of sunshine,
atmospheric attenuation of solar radiation, short-wave and long-wave radiation, Estimation of
average solar radiation.
Radiation transmission through glazing; absorbed radiation, reflection of radiation, absorption by
glazing, optical properties of cover systems, Transmittance for diffuse radiation, transmittance-
absorptance product.
Flat-plate collectors, description of flat-plate collectors, basic flat-plate collector energy balance
equation, temperature distributions in flat-plate collectors, collector overall heat loss coefficient,
temperature distribution between tubes and the collector efficiency factor, temperature distribution
in flow direction, collector heat removal factor and flow factor, heat capacity effects in flat-plate
collectors.
Wind Energy

35
Basic principles of wind energy conversion, the nature of the wind, the power in the wind,
maximum power, forces on the blades and thrust on turbines, wind energy conversion, lift and
drag, wind data and energy estimation, site selection consideration. Basic components of a WECS
(Wind Energy Conversion System)
Biomass Energy
Sources of biomass, biomass conversion technologies, thermal chemical conversion, fermentation,
wet processes and dry processes, biogas generation, advantages of anaerobic digestion, factors
affecting bio-digestion, classification of biogas plants, community biogas plants, materials used
for biogas generation digester design considerations, digester sizing, problems related to biogas
plants, utilization of biogas
Hydropower
Introduction to hydropower, distribution of hydropower resources in Zambia. Principles of
hydropower, assessing the resource for small installations, impulse turbine and reaction turbines,
hydroelectric systems, the hydraulic ram pump, estimation of water power potential.

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments: 5%
Lab Reports: 15%
Tests: 20%
Final Examination: 60 %

Prescribed Books
1. Twidell, J. & Weir, T. 1994. Renewable Energy Sources. Chapman and Hall. Reprinted.
ISBN: 0 419 12010 6.
2. Rai, G. D. 2007. Non Conventional Energy Sources. Khanna Publishers. ISBN: 8174090738,
ISBN: 13 9788174090737.

Recommended Readings
1. Hislop, D. (Editor). 1992. Energy options: An introduction to small-scale renewable energy
technologies. IT Publications, UK. ISBN: 1-85339-082-8.
2. Duffie, J. A. & Beckman, W. A. 1991. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. Second
edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. USA. ISBN: 0-47151056-4.

COURSE CODE: AEN 5132

COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION

Rationale
Agricultural Mechanization is that aspect of Agricultural Engineering that deals with all forms of
mechanical assistance (at all levels of sophistication) in crop and animal production. This
definition embraces hand tool, animal draft power and mechanical power technologies. The farm

36
mechanization course as outlined below is however restricted to activities involved in arable
farming under semi-arid environment, as is the case in Zambia. The cost and complexity of farm
machinery increases year by year, and in order to justify the capital investment involved, it is
essential that operators should be able to exploit to the full each machine's capacity. Efficient
operation calls for a sound knowledge of the working principles of the machine and an
understanding of the basic husbandry objectives of each operation.

This course is intended to provide the foundation of knowledge that can be used to make the most
efficient machinery management decisions and help keep the farming business competitive. Each
topic is dealt with under objectives of the operation, construction and working principles of
machinery used to carry out each operation and the required operational adjustments.

The course is divided into two sections, namely; Machinery for Crop Production and Agricultural
Machinery Management. Machinery for Crop Production covers processes involved in arable crop
production, starting with land clearing up to harvesting. Farm machinery management on the other
hand deals with optimisation of the machinery for agricultural production. It is concerned with
the efficient selection, operation, repair and maintenance and replacement of machinery.

Course Objectives
After completing the course, the student should be able to:
1. Outline objectives for carrying out each field operation involved in crop production.
2. State alternative methods and machinery for carrying out each field operation.
3. Select appropriate implements and machines for field operations involved in crop
production.
4. Adjust farm implements and machines for prevailing field conditions.
5. Determine the cost of carrying out each field operation.
6. Evaluate farm machinery

Course Contents
Machinery for Crop Production
Introduction to Agricultural Mechanization: Definition of technical terms commonly used in
agricultural mechanization, Classification of mechanization levels, Objectives for mechanizing
agricultural field operations to higher levels, Advantages and disadvantages of each level of
mechanization.
Land Clearing and Levelling: Objectives for land clearing and levelling, Methods, tools and
machinery for land clearing and levelling
Seedbed Preparation: Definition of Tillage terms, Tillage objectives, Tillage operations: Primary
Tillage, Secondary Tillage; Implements for primary and secondary tillage operations
Crop Planting: Objectives for crop planting, Planting machinery and its calibration
Fertilizer Handling and Application: Objectives for applying fertilizer, Classification of fertilizer,
Machinery for handling and applying fertilizers, Calibration of fertilizer broadcaster
Crop Protection: Definition of “Agricultural Pests”, Objectives of pest control, Alternative Pest
Control methods, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Equipment for chemical application with
emphasis on sprayers, Nozzle selection, Sprayer calibration, and integrated weed control
Harvesting of Agricultural Crops: Objectives for harvesting crops, Methods, machinery and tools
for harvesting crops, Principles of operation of combine harvesting, Losses in harvesting process
and how to minimize them, Forage harvesting

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Precision Farming: Definitions and Terminologies, Components of a Precision Farming System,
Applications
Agricultural Machinery Performance
Machine Capacity: Definition of terms, Factors affecting machine capacity, Estimating capacity
for field operations, selecting the right size of agricultural implements
Tractor-Implement Mechanics: Tractor Power Performance Criteria, Forces acting on tractor-
implement combination, Methods of implement attachment to the tractor and their influence on
Tractor-Implement forces, Tractor Performance Prediction using Nebraska Tractor Test Data and
Performance Predictor Chart, Selection of power units for field operations, Field determination of
wheel slip. Management
Costing of Agricultural Operations: Objectives for determining costs of field operations, Field
operation cost components, Total cost of carrying out field operations
Machinery Financing Methods: Purchase with own cash, Bank Loan, Hire purchase, Leasing.
Machinery Selection Methods: Minimum cost system, Break-even analysis, Partial Budgeting,
Discounted Cash Flow

Related Courses:
AEN 4311, AGC 3815, ENG 4129

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Tutorial/laboratory: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments: 5%
Lab Reports: 15%
Tests: 20%
Final Examination: 60 %

Prescribed Books
1. Hunt. D. 2001. Farm Power and Machinery Management. 10th Edition. Iowa State
University Press. ISBN: 0-8138-0582-1.
2. Srivastava, A. K., Goering C. E. & Rohrbach, R. P. 2006. Engineering Principles of
Agricultural Machines. 2nd Edition. ASABE Michigan. ISBN: 0929355334.

Recommended Readings
1. Kaul, R.N. Egbo, C.O. 1985. Introduction to Agricultural Mechanisation. Macmillan
Intermediate Agricultural Series. ISBN: 0333391489.
2. Oudejans, J.H. 1994. Agro-Pesticides: Properties and Functions in Integrated Crop
Protection. ESCAP, United Nations. ISBN: 974 88754 8 2.

COURSE CODE: AEN 5222

COURSE TITLE: THEORY OF STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Rationale

38
This course forms an important introduction for students who aim to become farm building specialists
and whose work will involve the design and construction of improved structures for the farmer, his
animals and crop. Such specialists will also help to interpret and explain building details and
documentation to farmers, as well as supervise the construction works and thus contribute to the
development of agriculture in the country. This course is focused sharply on an elementary treatment
of the analysis of structural behaviour. By studying the theory of structures, the student who wishes
to become a farm building specialist will develop and cultivate his or her appreciation, feeling and
intuition for structural behaviour. By studying structural design, the student develops his or her
judgement, perception, imagination and creativity – to produce designs and specifications for
agricultural structures. While it is true that farmers can normally erect a building using traditional
materials and methods, construction of improved structures will normally require the services of a
building specialist with knowledge of the design and detailing of good but cheap agricultural
buildings.

Aims
This course also aims to introduce the student to the technologies and methods required to
construct farm building elements using local materials.

Course Objectives
At the end of this course unit the student should be able to:
1. Define and determine the loads on buildings due to weights of permanent construction and
fittings and due to agricultural use.
2. Analyse a wide range of structural components using standard methods of structural
analysis for determinate and indeterminate structures.
3. Design a number of structural components such as beams, tension members, compression
members, etc., and make detail drawings of these components in concrete steel, timber and
masonry.
4. Identify the main functions of building components such as foundations, floors, walls,
roofs, etc and describe how these building elements interact in a complete structure.
5. Describe the methods of construction of building components such as foundations, floors,
walls, roofs, etc. and hence outline the construction of a whole structure.

Course Contents
Structural Analysis
Loads in Agricultural Buildings: dead loads, live loads, wind loads, other loads, Analysis of
statistically determinate beams and frames, Analysis of statically determinate plane and space
trusses, Deflection of structures, Analysis of statically indeterminate structures
Structural Design
Philosophy of structural design, Reinforced concrete to BSB110, Structural steelwork to BS590,
Structural timber to BS5268 and ZS032, Design of masonry structures to BS5628
Building Construction
Foundations and Footings: functions of foundations and soil-foundation interaction, construction
of different types of foundations and footings,
Floors: Functions of floors and loading, Construction of grade floors and above-grade floors
Walls: Functions of and materials for construction of walls, construction of different types of walls
Roofs: Functions and types of roofs and materials for roof construction, Timber and steel roof
framing, cladding.

39
Fixed Fittings and Finishes: Doors, Windows and shutters, Internal and external finishes

Pre-requisites
AEN 5211

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Tutorial/laboratory 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Lab Reports 15%
Tests 20%
Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Bengtsson, L.P. & Whitaker, J.H. (Editors).1988. Farm Structures In Tropical Climates - A
Textbook for Structural Engineering and Design. Food and Agricultural Organisation,
Rome, Italy. ASIN: B009PO0CZU.

Recommended Readings
1. Arya, C. 2009. Design of Structural Elements, E and FN Spon, London, UK. ISBN:
0415467209.
2. Baird, J.A. & Ozelton, E.C. 2006. Timber Designers Manual. Second Edition. Blackwell
Science Ltd, London, United Kingdom. ISBN: 1405146710.
3. Chudley, R. 1987. Construction Technology. Volume 4. Longman, London. ISBN: 0-582-
10264-2.
4. Coates, R.C., Coutie, M.G. & Kong, F.K. 1988. Structural Analysis. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
London, UK. ISBN: 0-278-00035-5.
5. Feirer, J. L. & Hutchings, G.R. 1986. Carpentry and Building Construction. Glencoe
Publishing Company, New York, USA. ISBN: 0-218-52234-7.
6. Kong, F.K. & Evans, R.H. 1987. Reinforced and Pre-stressed Concrete. 3rd Edition.
Chapman and Hall, London, UK. ISBN: 0-412-37760-8.
7. Mettem, C.J. 1986. Structural Timber Design and Technology. Longman, Harlow, England.
ISBN: 0582494850.
8. Mosley, W.H. & Bungey, J.H. 1987. Reinforced Concrete Design. Macmillan, London, UK.
ISBN: 0-333-45182-1.
9. Nethercot, D. 1986, Limit States Designs of Structural Steelwork. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
London, UK. ISBN: 0-442-31752-2.

COURSE CODE: AEN 5122

COURSE TITLE: SOIL DYNAMICS IN TILLAGE AND TRACTION

Rationale
Agriculture machinery interacts with soils in a number of ways, and so the processes of tillage,

40
traction and compaction are of vital interest to engineers involved in agriculture. This course
considers these processes by way of developing a detailed understanding of the response of soils
to imposed stresses and their resulting deformations and modes of failure. It uses both classical
soil mechanics and recent developments in the application of critical state soil mechanics to
unsaturated soils to establish a theoretical framework which explains and describes the action of
tillage tools, the development of tractive forces, and the process of compaction.
It investigates the interface between tracks and tyres and a soil and shows how this knowledge
may be used to predict tractive forces. This knowledge is also important in developing an
understanding of soil compaction and its consequences for plant growth.

Aims
The course provides a basic understanding of the process of soil disturbance by tillage tools and
outlines methods for calculating tillage forces.

Course Objectives
Upon completion of the course, students should be able to:
1. Describe and quantify soil physical properties
2. Explain the basic concepts of critical state soil mechanics, and interpret and predict soil
behaviour using these concepts.
3. Carry out shear and compression testing of soil samples.
4. Describe the tillage process and calculate tillage forces.
5. Measure soil forces and design simple tillage tools.
6. Calculate tractive forces for both wheels and tracks.
7. Describe and interpret the process of compaction of soils, calculate its effect on soil
properties, and discuss its effects on plant growth.
8. Describe soil structure, understand its importance for plant growth, and discuss the
methods that are being used to sample and quantify it.

Course Content
Soil physical properties, description and measurement
Dry bulk density, Porosity, Void ratio, Soil moisture content, Grain size distribution, Soil Pore
size distribution, Air permeability
Empirical properties of soils
Abrasiveness, Soil consistency and atterberg limits, Penetrometer pressures and depth of
penetration Stickiness, Shatter resistance, Cutting resistance, Soil Mechanics, Soil deformation,
Soil shear strength – Coulomb equation, Determination of soil shear strength, Indirect shear
(Triaxial), Mohr - Coulomb soil failure criteria, Sliding friction between soil and other materials
Application of Soil Mechanics
Slope stability
Trenches and retaining walls – Active Rankine State, Trial wedge analysis, Bearing capacity of
Foundations
Principles of off-highway mobility – Soils and traction
Development of traction by wheels and tracks, Calculation of forces and contact pressures, Ideal
maximum thrust, Thrust – slip relationship, Rolling resistance, Steering, Soil compaction and
smear
Application of Soil Mechanics to Tillage
Blade and passive earth pressure – Passive Rankine State, Passive (General Soil Mechanics

41
Equations), Stress theory, Soil failure and mechanical behaviour of soil elements, The tillage
process and soil failure modes. Calculation of tillage forces, Analysis and design of tillage tools
and implements.
Soil friction, adhesion, cohesion, scouring and the effects of water content, Compaction.
Description and analysis of the process. Calculation of soil response, implications for root and
plant growth. Current research findings. Controlled traffic.

Prerequisites
AEN 4311, AEN 4112

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Practical / Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 10%
Lab Reports 10%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60 %

Prescribed Book
1. Chancellor W.J., 1994, Advances in Soil Dynamics, ASAE Monograph No. 12, ASAE, St
Joseph, USA. ISBN: 0929355520.

Recommended Readings
1. Koolen, A. J. & Kuipers, H. 2011. Agricultural Soil Mechanics. Springer Verlag. ISBN-10:
3642690122.
2. McKyes, E. 1985. Soil Cutting and Tillage. Elsevier. ISBN: 0444419403.
3. Atkinson, J. H. & Bransby, P. L. 1978. The Mechanics of Soils, An Introduction to Critical
State Soil Mechanics. McGraw Hill, UK. ISBN: 0070840792.
4. Smith, M.J. 1991. Soil Mechanics. Addison Wesley, Longman, Higher Education, UK.
ISBN: 0582033802.
5. Gill, W. R & Vanderberg, G.E. 1967. Soil Dynamics in Tillage and Traction. Agriculture
Handbook No. 316. USDA, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 9788172338039.

COURSE CODE: AEN 5522

COURSE TITLE: POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

Rationale
More than half of the world’s population is involved in food production to meet the total world
food demand. Agriculture is one of the few industries that creates resources continuously from
nature in a sustainable way because it creates organic matter and its derivatives by utilising solar
energy and other material cycles in nature.
Increases in crop production have not been matched by technical improvements in post-production

42
practices. Double and triple cropping, and the development of higher-yielding hybrids have led to
significant production gains but the lack of post-harvest storage and processing facilities have
resulted in greater post-production losses.

Aims
The course aims at equipping students with an understanding of post-production systems and also
give them the capability to design post-harvest facilities.

Course Objectives
At the end of this course unit, the student should be able to:
1. Explain the principles of post-harvest technologies of agricultural products.
2. Design post-harvest storage and processing facilities.
3. Explain the Engineering properties of Agricultural materials and how they affect post-
harvest processing.
4. Use the Psychrometric chart to determine air properties and analyse drying and storage
processes.

Course Content
Grain structure and composition, Engineering properties of Agricultural materials: physical
properties, thermal properties, water diffusion, equilibrium moisture content, latent heat of
vaporization, grain moisture measurement, rheological properties of single grain kernels, stress-
strain behaviour of bulk grain. Cleaning and Grading of grain, root crops and vegetables: dry and
wet cleaning methods. Airflow measurement, Bulk crop resistance to airflow, Fans and Blowers:
system characteristic curves, on-floor and sub-floor ducts, airflow rates. Crop Drying in thin layers
and deep beds: theory and simulation of grain drying, sun drying, bin drying, high-capacity grain
drying systems. Psychrometric chart: construction, sensible heating and cooling, heating with
humidifying, cooling with dehumidifying, drying, mixing two air streams. Storage: grain, potato,
onion, cassava, fruits and vegetables. Threshing, Dehusking and dehulling, Polishing, Size
reduction and Screen analysis: types and analysis of size reduction equipment, types and analysis
of screens, Materials handling and Transportation, Agricultural effluent treatment.

Prerequisites
AEN 4512

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 10%
Labs 10%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Sahay, K.M. & Singh, K.K. 1994. Unit Operations of Agricultural Processing. Vikas

43
 Publishing House PVT Ltd. New Delhi, India. ISBN: 0706977688.
2. Brooker, D.B., Bakker-Arkema, F.W. & Hall, C.W. 1992. Drying and Storage of Grains and
Oilseeds. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New Yold, USA. ISBN: 0-442-20515-5.

Recommended Readings
1. Henderson, S.M., Perry, R.L. & Young, J.H. 1997. Principles of Process Engineering. 4th
Edition. ASEA. St Joseph, USA. ISBN: 0-929355-85-7.
2. Wimberly, J.E. 1983. Paddy Rice Post-harvest Industry in Developing Countries.
International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines. ISBN: 971-104-075-1.

COURSES OFFERED BY THE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

COURSE CODE : AGA 3335

COURSE TITLE : FUNDAMENTALS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
4 hours lectures and 3 hours practical per week

Animal Anatomy:
Functional anatomy, skeletal systems, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system.
Animal physiology:
Digestion, circulation, temperature regulation, endocrine system, reproduction.
Animal Nutrition:
Chemical constituents of animal body, water, protein, carbohydrates, fats and minerals. Feed value
estimation, chemical analysis, animal and energy requirements. Nutrients sources. Ration for
livestock and poultry.
Animal Breeding:
Process of inheritance, elements of population genetics, selection, breeding systems, species
hybridisation, artificial insemination.

Animal Husbandry:
Husbandry of meat animals: beef cattle, sheep, goat, rabbit and poultry. Husbandry of dairying:
dairy animals, breeding plans, milking. Animal production in Zambia.

Prescribed Book:
1. Payne, W.J.A. 1990. An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. Longman Group
UK. ISBN: 0-470-21569-0.

Recommended Readings:
1. Thomas, D.G. 1983. Animal Husbandry. Bailliers Tindall, London. ISBN: 0702009733.
2. Youdeowei, A., Ezedinna, F.O.C. & Onazi. O.C. 1986. Introduction to Tropical Agriculture.
Longman and New York. ISBN: 0582 643902.

COURSE CODE : AGC 3135

COURSE TITLE : FUNDAMENTALS OF FIELD CROP PRODUCTION
4 hours lectures and 3 hours laboratory practicals

44
Physiological factors affecting plant growth and development; climatic, soil and biotic factors.
Cropping system; crop rotation, crop mixtures.

Inter-cropping, relay cropping. Crop improvement and crop production role, importance and
choice of varieties in different production systems.

Crop pests and their control-method of pest control (chemical), cultural, biological and integrated.
Classification and application of pest control chemicals, handling and safety of pesticides.
Economic yield, biological yield and yield components. Production and use of pasture and forage
crops; handling forages, principles of silage and hay making. Harvesting, storage and preparation
for marketing of food, feeds and seed crops - (storage requirements for different crops).

Production of some field crops in Zambia:

Maize, sunflower, soyabeans, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, potatoes, cassava.

Prescribed Book
1. Webster, C.C. & Wilson, P.N. 2013. Agriculture in the Tropics. Longman. ISBN: 1313033227.

Recommended Reading
1. Martin, J.H. & Leonard, W.H. 2005. Principles of Field Crop Production, 2nd Edition. Prentice
Hall. ISBN: 0130259675.

COURSE CODE : AGG 3811

COURSE TITLE : RURAL SOCIOLOGY
4 hours lectures and 3 hours practical/tutorial per week

Rural Sociology:
Rural sociology as a discipline, its historical development and relevance to agricultural
development. Brief introduction to the socio, cultural and economic foundation of African systems.
Basic concepts of social life: Social grouping roles, values, status, norms, social stratification,
social, systems and rural institutions, population’s dynamics. Birth and mortality rates. Population
growth, immigration and rural-urban drift, settlement programmes, family planning, peasants and
peasantry, diffusion and adoption processes for agricultural innovations.

Rural Extension Education:

History and concepts of extension objectives philosophy and scope comparative extension systems
and development principles and the theory of learning, principles of adult teaching and learning -
strategies of promoting non formal education. Extension teaching aids and devices organisation
for teaching learning in extension, programme planning phases and steps, needs, objectives,
background statements. Activity schedules and evaluation, leadership, theories and principles,
types of leaders, identification, training and maintenance, communication and diffusion adoption
processes.

Prescribed Book
1. Rogers, E.M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press, New York. ISBN:
0743222091.

45
Recommended Readings:
1. Adams, M.E. 1983. Agricultural Extension in Developing Countries. Longman, Bumt Mill,
Harlow, Essex, U.K. ISBN: 0582650259.
2. Forster, G.M. 1973. Traditional Societies and Technological change. Harper and Row, New
York. ISBN: 0060421290.
3. Swanson, B.E. (editors). 1998. Agricultural Extension. A Reference Manual. FAO Rome.
ISBN: 92-5-104007-9.

46
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING COURSES

COURSE DETAILS

SECOND YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: CEE 2219

COURSE TITLE: STATICS AND INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS

Rationale
The knowledge and the understanding of the basic principles and concepts of Statics, and
Mechanics of Materials are essential for all branches of engineering which address the various
consequences of forces.

Aim
This course is intended to introduce the basic concepts of statics and mechanics to the beginners
in the engineering study.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
(a) Construct and solve mathematical models which describe the effects of forces on rigid bodies
under statical conditions.
(b) Learn the essential concepts in dealing with similar problems involving deformable bodies.
(c) Develop the habit of clear and logical thinking leading to a well-disciplined method of attack
from hypothesis to solution.

Course Content
Statics:
Basic concepts, composition and resolution of force, couple and moment, resultant of a system of
forces and moments, analysis of trusses, frames and machines, phenomena and types of frictional
forces, problems involving dry friction in wedges, screws, bearings and belt drives. Determination
of centre of mass and centroid of area, definition and determination of second moments of area
and mass, parallel axis and inclined axis theorems, Mohr’s circle of inertia.
Strength of Materials:
Mechanical and elastic properties of materials, concepts of stress and strain, elasticity and elastic
constants, direct and shear stresses and strains, strain energy. Indeterminate problems involving
thermal stresses, compound stress and strain, general two dimensional stress system, principal
stress and strain, Mohr’s circle for stress and strain. Analysis of beams, bending moment and shear
force diagrams, relationships between distributed load, bending moment and shear force in a beam.

Prerequisites
None

Time:
2 hrs of lectures + 1.5 hrs tutorial or lab/week

47
Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Meriam J.L. (2008) Engineering Mechanics (Vol. 1) - Statics. J. Wiley, New York
2. Hibbeler R. C. (2010) Mechanics of Materials (Eighth edition), Pearson Prentice Hall, New
Jersey

Recommended Reading
1. Beer F.P. and Johnston E.R. (2010) Vector Mechanics for Engineers (Statics), Mcgraw Hill,
New York.
2. Morley A (1980) Strength of Materials, Longman, London.

THIRD YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: CEE 3111

COURSE TITLE: CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PRACTICE

Rationale
A Civil Engineer needs to be acquainted with the fundamentals, applications and uses of
construction materials.

Aim
To provide students with a comprehensive foundation on the standards and performance
characteristics for the most common construction materials.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to have a sound knowledge and appreciation of
the materials used in construction

Course Content
Part 1: CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
General Introduction
Common construction materials, properties, manufacture and applications. Cost of construction
materials and availability.
Metals as construction materials
General behaviour of metals, structural steel, construction in non-ferrous metals, connections
(bolting, riveting, welding)
Concrete and its Constituents
Concrete constituents and their manufacture, plain (mass) concrete, reinforced concrete, fibre-
reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete, composite construction

Timber as a construction material

48
Species and sources of timber, conversion of timber, defects in timber, timber preservation,
mechanical properties, grades of timber, common uses of timber
Bituminous Materials
Tar, Bitumen, Bitumen Stabilized Gravels (BSG), Emulsions
Soil as a Construction Material
Types of soil and properties, soil stabilisation, reinforced earth, uses of soil in construction
Polymers
Hydrocarbon polymers, other Carbon chain polymers, Heterochain polymers, Network polymers,
Copolymers, alloys and hybrids
Masonry
Masonry units (bricks, blocks, stabilized soil blocks, Adobe), tiles, stone (Rubble Masonry), mortar.

Part 2: CONSTRUCTION
Building Codes, housing layout and environment, Low-cost mass housing
Foundations, dewatering, trenches
Brick, hollow-block, and rubble masonry construction
Bonding and damp proof course
Openings-door and windows
Roofing-pitched roofs, slab and shell roofing
Formwork and scaffolding
Ventilation, lighting and plumbing
Part 3: CIVIL ENGINEERING ORGANISATION
General Introduction
Key players in a construction project, role of Quantity Surveying, Quality Management
Introduction to Quantity Surveying
Taking off, Squaring of dimensions, abstracting or working up, Billing,
Analysis of prices in the building trade
Tendering Process
Preparation of Contract Documents, invitation of tenders, Open tendering,
Invited Tenders (pre-qualification), Opening and adjudication of tenders, Selection of the tender
Legal Aspects
Law of Contract, types of Contracts, Sub-contracts, Settlement of disputes
Cost Planning and Control
Budget, cash-flow control, Costing, Site costing system

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments and Lab 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books

49
1. Taylor G.D., Materials in Construction An Introduction 3rd Ed, 2000.
2. Chudley R., Greeno R., Construction Technology 5th Ed, 2011.
3. Neil J and Dhir, R. K, Civil Engineering Materials, 1997.

Recommended Reading
1. Neville, A. M., Properties of Concrete, 1981
2. Desh, H. E., Timber; Its Structure, Properties and Utilization, 6th Edition, 1981.
3. Seeley, I. H., Civil Engineering Quantities, 4th Edition, 1990.
4. The Institution of Civil Engineers, Civil Engineering Procedure, 3rd Edition, 1979.

COURSE CODE: CEE 3112

COURSE TITLE: CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

Rationale
Engineering concepts can never be complete if they cannot be presented in a way that can be
deciphered by all the stakeholders/players involved in transforming the concepts into reality.
Drawing presents itself as practical means of communication in the field of Engineering. Drawing
has been made easier by the use of computer packages. There are many on the market but one of
the popular Computer Aided Drawing in Civil Engineering is AutoCAD. This course is designed
to provide civil engineering undergraduates with basic understanding of the theory and practice of
engineering drawings and computer aided design for civil engineering applications.

Aim
The main objective of this course is to equip Students with the basic drawing tools to enable them
effectively transmit their engineering concepts.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. understand and produce architectural floor plans, sections and elevations;
2. understand and complete typical reinforced concrete structural and steel members detailing;
3. understand and read road plans and sections;
4. understand and read water supply and sewerage system drawings;
5. understand and know how to apply computer software to prepare 2D civil engineering
drawings; and
6. understand basic BIM’s requirements and standards

Course Content
Introduction to Civil Engineering drawing
General principles of building construction drawings, drawings, elevations, plans, sections, types
and contents of building drawings, conventional symbols, scales dimensioning.
Architectural drawings
Fundamentals of architecture as it relates to standards and drawing of buildings

Detailing in structural Engineering

Steel structures, riveted, bolted and welded joints, concrete structures, reinforcement details and
bar bending schedule, timber structures, joint details, roofing details.

50
Detailing in Highways
Highway drawings communication to the highway engineer & contractor
Detailing in Environmental Engineering
Water supply and sewerage systems
Computer Aided drawing
Introduction to computer aided drawing, creating a drawing file, setting up the drawing
environment, familiarization with simple commands, making basic civil engineering drawings,
labelling, dimensioning.
Introduction to Building Information Modelling (BIM)
Fundamental requirements and management principles to operate collaborative building
information modelling (BIM) projects.

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Steel Detailers’ Manual by Alan Hayward, Frank Weare and Anthony C. Oakhill (2011)
Wiley-Blackwell ISBN 0-632-03523-4

Recommended Reading
1. Thomas M.V., A guide to the preparation of Civil Engineering Drawings, Macmillan, 1982.
2. Kim Robert H., Kim Jai B. (2001), Bridge Design for the Civil and Structural Professional
Engineering Exams, 2nd Edition, PPI, ISBN: 978-1-888577-71-6
3. Newton P., Structural Detailing, Macmillan, 1986
4. AutoCad 2013 and AutoCad LT 2013, Essentials, by Scott Onstott, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN 978-1-118-24481-4
5. Littlefield David (2008) New Metric Handbook Planning & Design Data Elsevier Ltd., Great
Britain ISBN: 978-0-7506-5281-0

COURSE CODE: CEE 3211

COURSE TITLE: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Rationale
The analysis of the behaviour of various structures when subjected to loading requires basic
understanding of engineering mechanics by use of the relationships between loading, materials
properties material and mechanical deformation; and compatibility conditions.

Aim
The aim of the course is to provide students with the means of analysing various load bearing
structures, when subjected to loading.

51
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students shall be able to:
1. Analyse relationships between stress, strain and displacement in deformable bodies.
2. Find the stress state of bodies subjected to axial, torsional, transverse, and/or bending loads
3. Find the displacements of bodies subjected to axial, torsional, and/or bending loads.
4. Transform plane stresses into a different coordinate system
5. Find principal stresses for a state of plane stress
6. Describe widely used failure theories for ductile and brittle materials
7. Find the stability limits of members subjected to axial compressive loads
8. Analyse structures under ultimate conditions
9. Conduct experiments involving load, deflection, and/or strain measurements, analyse
experimental data, and write concise laboratory reports.

Course Content
Flexural members
Types of load. Classification of beams. Review of statics. Relation between the intensity of
loading, shearing force, and bending moment in a straight beam.
Pure bending of beams. Shearing stresses in Beams. Distribution of shear stresses in a thin-walled
sections. Shear centre. Analysis of stresses and strains at a point. Elastic strain energy of bending
Beams of composite materials.
Torsion
Deformations and stresses in circular shafts. Solid non-circular members. Deflection and stresses
in closely coiled helical springs. Strain energy of elastic torsion.
Compound Stresses
Superposition of stresses and its limitations. Unsymmetrical bending. Combined bending and
direct stresses. Thin-walled pressure vessels. Combined bending and torsion.
Structural connections
Eccentrically bolted and welded connections.
Theories of failure
Maximum Principal stress theory (Rankine), Maximum shear stress (Tresca and Haigh), Strain
Energy Theory (Haigh), Shear Strain Energy Theory (Von Mises and Hencky), and Maximum
Principle Strain Theory ( St. Venant).
Deflection of beams
Differential equations for deflection of elastic beams. Solution of beam deflection problems by
direct integration, Virtual work/unit load method, Moment-Area Method, Conjugate-beam
method. Simple statically indeterminate beams. Impact loads. Deflection of trusses.
Elastic buckling of columns
Stability of equilibrium. Analysis of buckling behaviour. Flexural Buckling of a pin-ended strut.
Generalised Euler formula and limitations. Strut with eccentric load. Secant formula. Perry-
Robertson formula. Strut with lateral load.
Plastic theory of bending
Assumptions in the plastic theory, Plastic hinge, Moment of resistance at a plastic hinge.

Collapse load and Load Factor. Regions of plasticity. Combined bending and direct stress. Limit
analysis of beams.

52
Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Gere JM and Goodno BJ, 2009, Mechanics of Materials, 7 th Edition, Cengage Learning,
ISBN 13:978-0-495-43807-6, ISBN 10: 0-495-43807-3

Recommended Reading
1. Case J. and Chilver, A.H. Strength of materials and structures, 2nd edition, Edward Arnold,
1988.
2. Popov, E.P., Mechanics of materials, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall International Editions, 1978
3. Ryder G.H., Strength of Materials 3rd Edition, Macmillan (ELBS), 1983, London.
4. Todd J D., Structural Theory and Analysis 2nd Edition, Macmillan, 1981

COURSE CODE: CEE 3222

COURSE TITLE: THEORY OF STRUCTURES

Rationale
Theory of structures involves the methods of structural analysis used in the determination of the
effects of loads on physical structures and their components. The results of the analysis are used
to verify a structure's fitness for use.

Aim
This course is intended to introduce students to structural analysis methods of structures under
static loading

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1) To translate a stated problem in theory of structures to an analytic form.
2) To apply appropriate solution techniques to the problem.
3) To be able to actually solve the problem.
4) To understand the meaning of the outcome, and
5) To be aware of the limitations of the methods of solution and the outcome

Course Content
Introduction
Historical review. Philosophy of structural design. Structural forms. Analysis of structural
behaviour. Engineering structures. Types of loads. Allowable Stresses. Factor of safety. Practical
and ideal structures. Equations of static equilibrium. Stability and indeterminacy of structures.

53
Free-body sketches.
Analysis of statically determinate systems for stationary and moving loads
Analysis of trusses (application of method of joints, method of sections and combination). Two-
dimensional rigid frames. Review of shearing force, bending moment, and axial resisting force
diagrams. Definition and properties of influence lines. Influence lines for beams and girders
(determination of loading positions for maximum bending moment and shear force). Influence
lines for trusses. Alternative approach for determination of influence lines. Muller-Brestau’s
principal.
Energy theorems and principles
Virtual work concept, Reciprocal theorems. Strains Energy method. Castigliano’s theorems.
Complimentary energy theorem. Potential energy theorems and applications
Force and displacement methods of analysis for statically indeterminate systems
Compatibility method-Flexibility Method, equilibrium (Displacement) Method-Slope deflection
Method, Deflection superposition- Additional examples involving temperatures, settlements, etc.,
Direct Displacement Method, Moment Distribution Method (application to beams and frames).
Influence lines for statically indeterminate Structures
Introduction to Matrix methods
Matrix Force Method-Flexibility Method and Matrix Displacement Method-Stiffness Method,
applied to trusses, beams, and frames. Use of computers in structural analysis.
Influence lines for statically indeterminate structures
Influence line by successive position of unit load force. Muller-Breslau’ principle for obtaining
influence line.
Introduction to limit analysis of plane structures
Elastic-plastic behaviour of structural systems. Principle of superposition. General collapse
conditions. Determination of collapse load: lower limit theorem; upper limit theorem. Elementary
mechanisms.
Introduction to Approximate Methods of Analysis
Indeterminate trusses, Single portals and mill bents, Laterally loaded rigid frames (Portal and
Cantilever methods), vertically loaded Rigid frames

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Hibbeler R. C., Structural Analysis, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2011.
2. Norris, C.H., Wilber, J.B., Senor Utku, Elementary Structural Analysis, 3rd edition, 10th
printing, Mc Graw-Hill, 1988.

Recommended Reading
1. Laursen, H.I., Structural Analysis, 3rd edition McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1988.
2. Marshall & Nelson’s, Structures, revised by P. Bhatt and H.M. Nelson ELBS/Longman,

54
 1990.

COURSE CODE: CEE 3311

COURSE TITLE: FLUID MECHANICS 1

Rationale
Fluid Mechanics is a prerequisite to most courses latter in the different engineering disciplines.
Understanding the fundamental laws relating to the static and dynamic behaviour of fluids is
therefore important in applying fluid mechanics to solve various engineering problems.

Aim
To equip students with knowledge on key concepts and fundamental principles of fluid mechanics.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Identify & use key concepts and fundamental principles, together with the assumptions made
in their development pertaining to fluid behaviour, both in static and flowing conditions
2. Deal effectively with practical engineering situations
3. Recognise possible applications and links to other disciplines.

Course Content
Properties of fluids
Units and Dimensions, Manometry, forces on submerged planes and objects, bouyancy and
flotation. Flow characteristics of ideal and real fluids, steady and unsteady flow, uniform and non-
uniform flow, Reynolds number and classification of laminar and turbulent flow.
Control Volumes
Stream tube, Streamlines, and pathlines, Euler’s equation along and perpendicular to streamlines,
Bernoulli’s equation and its application to orifices, sharp-crested weirs and venturimeter. System
control approach, control volume and control volume equation, continuity equation and its
applications.
Applications of the Control Volume
Application of control volume equation to the linear momentum equation, impegement of jets on
fixed and moving vanes, forces on pipe bends, nozzles, obstacles in natural streams and channels,
turbo machines and rotating systems. First law of thermodynamics, application of control volume
equation to steady flow energy equation. Hydraulic and energy grade lines.
Ideal and Real fluids
Concept of ideal flow, rotational and irrotational flow, stream function and velocity potential,
Laplace’s equation, flow nets. Real fluids, boundary layer, resistance in turbulent flow, separation,
drag, application to falling sphere (Stoke’s law).
Flow in pipes
Laminar flow (Hagen-Poiseuille’s formula), turbulent flow (Darcy-Weisbach formula), friction
factor, Moody diagram, head loss in single pipe system, equivalent length, compound, looping,
and branching pipes, pipes in series and pararrel, analysis of pipe networks by Hardy-Cross
method. Use of electronic computers in network analysis.
Flow in open channels
Chezy and Manning’s Formulae, specific energy diagram, Froude number, tranquil and rapid flow,

55
critical slope and critical depth, hydraulic jump, non-uniform flow. Gradually varied flow, rapidly
varied flow, and surges.

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Potter M., Wiggert D. and Ramadan B. (2011). Mechanics of Fluids, 6th Ed., Cengage
Learning, ISBN: 1285225406, 9781285225401.
2. Franzini J.B. and Finnemore E.J. (2002). Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications,
10th Ed., Mc GrawHill, ISBN: 0072432020.

Recommended Reading
1. Douglas, J. F., Gasoriek, J. M., Swaffield, J and Jack, L. (2011). Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed:
Prentice Hall, ASIN B00DJFQ4DU.

FOURTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: CEE 4211

COURSE TITLE: STRUCTURAL MASONRY AND TIMBER STRUCTURES

Rationale
Masonry and Timber are major structural material materials used in the construction of buildings.

Aim
To introduce the students to the design of structures in timber and masonry

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
To develop an understanding of the fundamental concepts and design philosophies related to
timber and masonry elements and to apply this knowledge to the design of conventional building
structures.

Course Content
General Introduction to Structural Engineering
Introduction to Structural Engineering; Components of a structure; Analysis/Design concepts
(Elastic and Limit States designs); Introduction to Codes of Practice; Partial safety factors for loads
and materials; Load Combinations.
Structural Masonry Design
Introduction to Masonry as a construction Material; Masonry units and Strength tests; Load Types

56
on Masonry Structures; Codes of Practice in Masonry; Partial safety factors for loads and
materials; Load Combinations in Masonry, Load Bearing brickwork, Blockwork,
Brick/Blockwork combination, Frame Analysis in Masonry; Flexural members in Masonry;
Laterally Loaded Walls and Shear Walls; Control joints, Design for Accidental Damage and
Robustness; Design of Buildings in Masonry
Structural Timber
Introduction to Timber as a Structural Material ; sawing processes, treatment processes, seasoning,
Analysis/Design concepts (Elastic and Limit States designs); Load Types on Timber Structures
Introduction to Codes of Practice in use; Partial safety factors for loads and materials; Load
Combinations
Design of Flexural Members; Design of Compression members and anchorages; Design of Trusses
; Design of connections, Designs for termite attack and other common damage and serviceability
requirements, Building Design in Timber.

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Bull, John W., The Practical Design of Structural Elements in Timber, 1989, Gower
Publishing Company (UK), ISBN 0 556 09028 7.
2. Andrew Orton, Structural Design of Masonry, 1992 Edition, Longman ISBN-
10: 0582091012
3. Hendry A.W., Sihna B.P., Davies S.R. Design of Masonry structures, 2004 Edition, E & FN
Spon, ISBN 0 419 21560 3.

Recommended Reading
1. Morton J, Limit State Philosophy, Partial Safety Factors and Design of Walls for
Compression and Shear, Based on BS5628: Structural Use of Masonry, 1978, British
Standards Institution (BSI)
2. Morton J, Accidental Damage, Robustness and Stability, Based on BS5628: Structural Use
of Masonry, 1978, British Standards Institution (BSI).
3. Zambia Bureau of Standards, Zambian Code of Practice for Structural Use of Locally Grown
Timber, ZS 032: 1986.
4. Ozelton, E.C. and Baird, J.A., Timber Designers Manual, reprinted 1982, Granada
Publishing, IASBN 0-246-11457-6.
5. Metten, C.J., Structural Timber Design and Technology, 1986, Longman Scientific and
Technical (UK), ISBN 0-542-49485-0.
6. Chanakya Arya, Design of Structural Elements, 2009, Taylor & Francis ISBN10: 0-415-
46719-5.

57
COURSE CODE: CEE 4311
COURSE TITLE: HYDROLOGY

Rationale
Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout earth, and
thus addresses both the hydrologic cycle and water resources. Measurement is fundamental for
assessing water resources. The course will equip the student with a better understanding of the
processes involved in the hydrologic cycle, and insight for environmental engineering, policy and
planning. The course serves as an introduction to the field of engineering hydrology. It covers
fundamentals such as the hydrological cycle, catchment, losses, hydrographs and hyetographs.
Design topics covered will be selected from: flood frequency analysis, determination of design
rainfall intensity and hyetographs, peak flow estimation, design hydrograph estimation,
groundwater process and modelling, and drought risk analysis/yield hydrology

Aim
To allow students to gain an understanding of the principles of hydrology, hydrogeology
(groundwater) and contaminant transport. Students will also become knowledgeable on the
elements (parameters) of river basin modelling and allow them to develop skills on formulating a
simple river basin model.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to understand the Principles and processes
governing the movement of water through the hydrologic cycle, including atmospheric moisture
flow, surface runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow; and Hydrologic statistics, and frequency
analysis techniques applied to problems of engineering hydrologic design Explain the importance
of hydrological processes and the space-time scales associated with them. Quantify them by
expressing them using mass and energy balance as well as estimate them based on system
approaches and statistical techniques.

Course Content
Introduction
The hydrological cycle, Inventory of earth's water, The Hydrologic Budget, Hydrology in
Engineering
Precipitation
Formation of Precipitation, Types of precipitation, Measurement of precipitation, Missing data,
Double mass curve analysis, Point Precipitation, A real Precipitation
Interception and Depression Storage
Interception, Depression Storage
Infiltration
Factors influencing infiltration rate, Measurement of infiltration, Horton's Model, Green-Ampt
Model, Indexes, Soil Moisture
Evaporation and Transpiration
Evaporation, Transpiration, Evapotranspiration, Consumptive use
Hydrometry
Stage measurement, Water depth and bottom level measurement, Streamflow measurement,
Rating curves
Hydrographs, Sedimentation and the River Basin

58
Basin characteristics affecting runoff, Rainfall-runoff relationship, Components of a hydrograph,
Hydrograph separation, Depletion curve, Unit hydrograph, S-curve technique, Derivation of the
UH, Synthetic UH, Sediment transport and Measurement
Groundwater
Occurrence of groundwater: rock properties affecting groundwater, geologic formations as
aquifers, types of aquifers, storage coefficient, Groundwater movement: Darcy's law, permeability,
determination of hydraulic conductivity, groundwater flow directions, general flow equations,
Groundwater and well hydraulics: steady and unsteady flow in confined and unconfined aquifers,
groundwater recharge, pumping and recovery tests, well flow near aquifer boundaries, multiple
well systems, Investigations of groundwater: surface and subsurface methods
Floods and Droughts
Selection of data, Plotting positions, Frequency analysis by plotting, Theoretical distributions of
floods, Selection of design frequency, Droughts, Hydrologic routing

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Viessman, W., Lewis, G. L. and Knapp, J. W., Introduction to Hydrology, Harper and Row,
5th Edition, 2002 ISBN-13: 978-0673993373
2. Todd, D. K., Groundwater Hydrology, Wiley, 3rd Edition 2004 ISBN-13: 978-0471059370

Recommended Reading
1. David Maidment Handbook of Hydrology 1st Edition 1993 ISBN-13: 978-0070397323
ISBN-10: 0070397325
2. Wilson, E. M., Engineering Hydrology, Macmillan, 1990
3. Linsley R. K., Kohler, M. A. And Paulhus, J. H., Hydrology for Engineers, McGrawhill,
1982
4. Ettrick, T. M., An Introduction to Hydrology, Lecture Note Book, UNZA/TU Delft, 1990

COURSE CODE: CEE 4511

COURSE TITLE: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Rationale
Graduates from Civil Engineering will be expected to participate in the design, construction and
maintenance of engineering structures. Virtually all civil engineering type structures eventually
came into contact with soil through foundations (i.e. bridges, office & residential buildings, towers,
etc.).This course equips them with knowledge of geotechnical engineering which is of paramount
importance in ensuring high quality and long term performance of civil engineering type

59
structures.

Aim
The main aim of this course is to introduce Civil Engineering students to the basic concepts and
techniques of Geotechnical Engineering. Emphasis is placed on the principles of soil mechanics
and foundation engineering.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
a) Develop competence in the principles of soil mechanics and application in engineering
practice.
b) Have ability to list the relevant engineering properties of soils and their characteristics and
describe the factors which control these properties.
c) To apply laboratory methods of determining the properties of soils.
d) Have ability to identify common situations when the soil becomes a factor in an engineering
or environmental problem.
e) Have ability to apply basic analytical procedures to obtain the engineering quantity desired
and understand their limitations.
f) Determine the most economical foundation system compatible with the geotechnical
properties of the site and the needs of the structure.
g) Develop appropriate construction procedures.
h) Monitor the progress of construction
i) To give an appreciation of the function and forms of shallow and deep foundations
j) Analyse bearing capacity and settlements of foundations
k) Consider the relevance of site and ground investigation to soil and foundation engineering.

Course Content
Introduction
The origin of soils, principle types of soils.
Simple soil properties and classification
Particle size analysis, consistency limits, soil classification, phase relationships, compaction
Hydraulic properties of soil
Permeability, Darcy’s law, permeability tests
Stresses in Soils
Stress calculations and diagrams, normal, shear and principle stresses, Mohr’s circle.
Compression and Consolidation
Compressibility of soils, one dimensional consolidation theory, settlement and degree of
consolidation, laboratory consolidation tests.
Shear strength
Shear strength tests, skempton’s pore pressure coefficients, behavior of soils under shear
Seepage
Two dimensional seepage theory, flow nets, seepage through earth dams, flow through anisotropic
and non-homogeneous media
Soil pressures/lateral forces
Active and passive earth pressures, design of earth retaining walls
Stability
Stability of slopes of granular and cohesive frictional material, stability criteria for earth dams

60
Bearing capacity
The ultimate bearing capacity, in situ tests on bearing capacity
Foundations
Types of foundations, design of simple footings
Site investigation
Site investigation, foundation problems in Zambia

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Das B.M., Principles of Foundation Engineering, 7th Edition, Cengage learning, 2011
2. Venkatramaih. C., Geotechnical Engineering, 3rd Edition, New Age Publishers., New Delhi,
2008
3. Das B.M., Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 5th Edition PWS Kent Publishing Co.,
Boston, Mass, 2006

Recommended Reading
1. Smith M.J., Soil Mechanics, ELBS with Longman Group (UK) Ltd., 1991.
2. Craig R.F., Craigs Soil Mechanics, 7th Edition, Spon Press., London 2004
3. Shamsher Prakash, Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics, Shamsher Prakash Foundation Rolla,
MO, U.S.A., 1991.
4. Tsytovich N, Soil Mechanics, Mir Publishers., 1986

COURSE CODE: CEE 4412

COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1

Rationale
Issues related to provision of water supply and sanitation services is a huge problem in many parts
of the world especially in developing countries like Zambia. Lack of these services is the cause of
many environmental diseases which have continued to exaggerate the disease burden for most
developing countries. Properly planned and managed water supply and sanitation infrastructure
can help to reduce environmental pollution and hence can result in sound public health in most
communities. It is recognized that Zambia has limited expertise in the field of water supply and
sanitation. This course seeks to bridge the skills and knowledge gaps in aspects of modern water
supply and sanitation management aspects.

Aim
The aim of the course is to equip students with the knowledge, skills and competencies required

61
to design and manage water supply and sanitation systems.

Course objectives
On completion of the course, students should be able to:
1) Explain the relationship between environmental pollution and public health;
2) Carry out water sampling and analysis;
3) Interpret water quality parameters and standards (Physical, Chemical and biological);
4) Identify and characterise water sources;
5) Analyse and design the key components of a water supply system;
6) Describe low cost water treatment technologies (e.g. rural water supply);
7) Demonstrate understanding of the overall objectives of a wastewater treatment;
8) Characterise wastewater;
9) Interpret wastewater quality parameters and standards (Physical, Chemical and biological);
10) Describe and design wastewater treatment unit operations and processes in conventional and
non-conventional wastewater treatment options;
11) Describe different sources of solid waste, characteristics and key challenges relating to it;
12) Demonstrate understanding of basic principles of solid waste characterisation; and
13) Demonstrate understanding of solid waste collection treatment and disposal;

Course Content
Introduction
Environmental concerns in perspective, environmental engineering as a profession
Pollution, Environment and Public health
Ecological concepts, causes and impacts of environmental pollution; water, waste and disease; the
role of the engineer in environmental health
Water quality
Examination and characterisation of water and wastewater; environmental quality objectives;
standards and regulations
Water Supply
Estimation of water demand; sources of water supply and evaluation of their yield potential; urban
water supply systems – unit processes and operations (analysis and design); distribution systems,
service reservoirs and network designs; introduction to rural and peri-urban water supplies
Wastewater
Estimation for domestic, industrial/commercial sewage flows; characteristics of sewage; treatment
methods(unit operations, processes and design concepts); estimation of storm water, combined
versus separate sewerage systems; urban drainage, wastewater treatment methods applicable to
developing countries; on-site sanitation
Solid Wastes
Characteristics of solid wastes with emphasis on developing countries; modes of collection, design
of collection facilities, location of dumping sites, disposal methods

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%

62
 Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. G.S. Birdie and J.S. Birdie., Water Supply & Sanitation Engineering, 9th Edition, Dhanpat
Rai Publishing Company. New Delhi, 2011
2. S.C. Rangwala, K.S. Rangwala and P.S. Rangwala., Water Supply & Sanitation Engineering,
25th Edition,Charator Publishing House PVT Ltd., Gujarat, 2011.
3. Steel, E.W. and Terence, J.M., Water Supply and Sewerage, McGraw Hill, 1991
4. Schaefer, W., Public Health engineering, Lecture Note book, UNZA/TU Delft, 1992

Recommended Reading
1. Sawyer, C.N., McCarty, P.L. and Parkin, G.F., chemistry for Environmental Engineers, 4th
Edition, Mcgraw Hill, 1994

COURSE CODE: CEE 4612

COURSE TITLE: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Rationale
Graduates from Civil Engineering will be expected to participate in the design, construction and
maintenance of roads and highways. This course equips them with knowledge of highway
engineering which is of paramount importance in ensuring high quality and long term performance
of roads and highway.

Aim
The main aim of this course is to introduce Civil Engineering students to the basic concepts and
techniques of Highway and Transportation Engineering. Emphasis is placed on the components of
the highway system, i.e., driver, vehicle, structure and the interaction between them as related to
the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the highway system.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
2. Recognise the basic approach to corridor analysis for highways;
3. Identify elements critical to effective highway operations;
4. Identify and analyse components critical to the safe horizontal, vertical, cross-sectional and
intersection design of roadways;
5. design basic highway sections while balancing all of the independent variables critical to
safe design;
6. design a safe road for appropriate users;
7. Identify and analyse materials and other elements critical to successful pavement and
drainage designs;
8. design flexible pavement designs using current design procedures;
9. Identify different construction and maintenance options.

Course Content
Introduction

63
Overview, Cross sectional elements, general pavement types and structures.
Geometric design
Design elements, alignment, curvature and gradients, intersections.
Soils
Types and methods of classification, compaction and drainage characteristics, and soil
stabilization.
Pavement materials
Granular, bituminous, cementatious materials, and types of surfacings.
Pavement design
Design philosophy and process, structural design and drainage design (surface and sub-surface).
Highway Management System
Highway monitoring and evaluation, maintenance and rehabilitation
Construction and maintenance options
General overview, evolution of construction technology, public works and employment creation,
advantages and disadvantages of various techniques
Machine-based road construction and maintenance: Construction and maintenance techniques,
costs and productivity of equipment.
Labour-based road construction and maintenance: Construction and maintenance techniques,
labour costs and productivity, costs and productivity of tools and equipment, labour-based
contracts.

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Garber, N.J. and Hoel, L.E., Traffic and Highway Engineering, Fourth Edition SI, 2010,
Cengage Learning. ISBN-13: 9780495438533.
2. O’ Flaherty C.A., Highways: The Location, Design, Construction and maintenance of
Pavements, Fourth Edition, 2002, Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 13: 9780750650908

Recommended Reading
1. Mallick R.B. and El-Khorci T., Pavement Engineering: Principles and Practice, 2009, CRC
Press. SBN-13: 9781439870358
2. Gichaga, FJ and Parker, NA, Essential of Highway engineering with Reference to warm
climates, ANSTI Technology Series, Macmillan Publishers, ISBN 0-333-44856-1, 1988.

FIFTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: CEE 5111

64
COURSE TITLE: CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND MANAGEMENT

Rationale
The construction industry is a conglomeration of diverse fields and participants that are loosely
lumped together as a sector of the economy. The industry plays a central role in national
development. The importance of the industry lies in the function of its products that provide the
foundation for industrial production. As such, the construction industry’s impact on national
economies need not be measured by the value of its output or the number of persons employed in
its activities alone. Effective and efficient management of the industry is, therefore, important. The
graduates will be involved in construction activities in one way or the other. This course provides
the foundation knowledge which is needed to understand the techniques employed in construction
as well as the art of management of construction projects.

Aim
The aim of this course is to introduce students to principles of construction management and
techniques.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. know the key players within the construction industry;
2. develop project plans and schedules;
3. understand how project resources can be managed;
4. know the different types of equipment used in construction;
5. distinguish among the different types of specifications;
6. develop good specification writing techniques;
7. appreciate the need to work in a safe environment; and
8. perform basic economic evaluations.

Course Content
Introduction to construction industry
Contractor, engineer, economic considerations
Job planning and management
Construction stages, operations, schedules, materials and manpower, project control and
supervision, cost control,
Critical path methods in construction

Construction equipment
Functional and operational identifications, productivities and efficiencies, equipment selection
factors, equipment ownership, operating and maintenance costs
Types of construction equipment
Compressors and pumps, earthwork equipment, trenching, dredging and tunneling equipment,
power excavators and cranes, foundation and erection equipment, material handling equipment,
aggregate production equipment, concreting equipment, compacting and paving equipment, piles
and pile driving equipment, formwork design and economy
Construction specifications writing
Principles and types of specifications, writing techniques, bidding procedures, conditions of
contract.

65
Construction Safety
Direct and indirect costs of accidents, types of accidents and their prevention, construction
insurance

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Pilcher, Roy (1997). Principles of Construction Management (ISBN 0-07-707236-7),
McGraw-Hill Companies.
2. Harris, F.C. and McCaffer, R. (1999) Modern Construction Management. 5th Edition,
Blackwell Scientific

Recommended Reading
1. Harris F (1989). Modern Construction Equipment and Methods (ISBN 0-470-21320-5),
Longman Scientific and Technical

COURSE CODE: CEE 5122

COURSE TITLE: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Rationale
Civil and building development works usually involve more than one party. Contracts are the
instruments used to ensure that the parties meet their obligations to each other. The course
introduces students to management concepts and techniques used on construction projects. It
includes planning, scheduling, procurement, project organization, communications, cost control,
project/contract administration, and project close out.

Aim
The main aim of this course is to enable students to understand and appreciate project and contract
management in building services engineering and related building industry. Students will gain a
thorough understanding of recognizing and applying the various construction delivery systems,
financial management, quality control, and contract administration to real life projects.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. describe the basic concepts and skills for construction project management;
2. explain the key issues for building contract procedures, management and administration
understand the contract life cycle;
3. recognize construction delivery systems and contract types;
4. identify dispute resolution alternatives;

66
5. prepare contract document components such as RFP;
6. evaluate bids;
7. understand and develop operational budgets and cashflows;
8. understand the EIA process;
9. apply the techniques of project planning and control on building projects; and
10. apply quality control and performance monitoring to the construction process.

Course Content
Introduction to Law of Contracts
Definition, Formation of Contract, Forms of Contracts, Contents of Contract Documents,
Conditions of Contract, Parties to a Contract, Dispute Resolution
Project Planning
Project Preparation, Cost Estimation, Timing, Review and Approval of Design Reports, Review
and Approval of Contract Documents
Project Administration
Definition, Possession of Site, Programme of Work, Site Supervision, Measurement and Valuation
of Work, Payment Certificates, Completion of Work, Personnel Management, Stores, Signing of
Contracts, Supervision of Site Managers
Procurement
Definition, Procurement Authorities, Value of Procurement Ceiling, Procurement Procedures and
Rules, Types of Assignments and Contracts, Selection of Consultants, Preparation of Terms of
Reference and Cost Estimates, Expression of Interest/Pre-qualification of Consultants, Request for
Proposals (RFP), Clarifications, Bid Opening and Evaluation, Negotiation and Awarding of
Consulting Contract, Invitation for Bids, Bidding Documents, Qualification Criteria/Security
Forms, Pre-qualification/Post-qualification, Site Inspection, Clarifications, Bid Opening, Tender
Evaluation, Negotiations and Award
Finance and Accounting
Purpose of Funds, Sources of Funds, Financial Regulations; Criteria for Disbursement, Cash-flow
monitoring Systems, Expenditure Monitoring Systems, Reporting, Value Added Tax, Customs
Duties, Withholding Tax.
Environmental Management
Definition, Policies and International Treaties, Statutory Requirements, Institutional
Arrangements, Screening, Scooping, Assessing, Mitigation and Impact Management, Reporting,
Reviewing, Decision-making, Monitoring and Implementation, Public Involvement
Quality Management
Definition of Quality, Costs and Benefits of Quality, Building a Quality Culture, Defining
Responsibilities, Planning Stage, Design Stage, Procurement stage, Implementation Stage, Quality
Manual, Standards and Specifications, Internal Management Systems, Quality Assurance,
Performance Monitoring

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%

67
 Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Chan, C. T.-W. and Sin, H.-C., (2009) Construction Project Management: From Theory to
Practice, Prentice Hall, Singapore.
2. Thomas E. Uher and Philip Davenport, (2009) Fundamentals of Building Contract
Management, UNSW Press, ISBN 1742230210, 9781742230214

Recommended Reading
1. Pilcher, Roy (1997). Principles of Construction Management (ISBN 0-07-707236-7),
McGraw-Hill Companies.
2. Harris, F.C. and McCaffer, R. (1999) Modern Construction Management. 5th Edition,
Blackwell Scientific
3. Foreman, Dean (1999). Dean Foreman's 28 Laws of Contracting (ISBN 1-58112-790-1).
Universal Publishers.

COURSE CODE: CEE 5132

COURSE TITLE: RURAL AND URBAN PLANNING

Rationale
Urban, rural and regional planning have continually posed challenges to authorities in developing
countries over the years. The rapid development of cities, towns and other settlements has led to
socially, environmentally and economically unacceptable neighbourhoods that have, in many
cases, worsened living conditions. Engineers should therefore be exposed to the basic concepts of
planning since they are key professionals in infrastructure development.

Aim
The aim of the course is to impart the basic principles of urban and rural planning

Course Objectives
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
• apply the basic principles of rural and urban planning
• effectively participate in planning urban, regional and rural developments

Course Content
Introduction
Urbanisation, regionalisation and rural development and their impacts, need for planning, synoptic
approach to issues and disciplines involved; planning principles of Geddes, Howard and other
pioneers, modern trends
General planning
Planning surveys and studies, projection of data, planning standards, elements of a master plan,
drawing up the master plan, redevelopment plans, phasing and budgeting, legal tools and
implementation
Urban planning concepts and their applications
Concepts of neighbourhood planning, elements and standards and their evaluation. Special

68
problems of the Central Business district (CBD)
Regional planning
Introduction to regionalisation and regional planning, elements of regional development plans and
econometrics of regional development
Rural planning
Land development and consolidation, soil and water conservation, village and farmsettlement
schemes, cultivation, irrigation, roads and service plans. A forestation, land tenure systems
Housing policies
Concepts and trends; National Housing Policy of Zambia, case studies and critical evaluation

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Tutorial: 3 hours/week
Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments: 5%
Practical 15%
Test: 20%
Final Examination: 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Berke, P.R and Godschalk, D.R. Urban Land Use Planning, University of Illinois Press. 2006
2. Adams, D. Urban Planning and Development Process. UCL Press. 1994
3. Glasson, J. An Introduction to Regional Planning. UCL Press. 1992

COURSE CODE: CEE 5211

COURSE TITLE: DESIGN OF REINFORCED AND PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE

Rationale
Industrial, commercial and multi-storey residential structures and bridges are the key components
in economic growth of our nation, and are on the increase at all times.
Therefore, it is of cardinal importance that graduates from Civil Engineering participate in the
design, construction and maintenance of the above stipulated structures. This course equips them
with knowledge of design of structural elements using reinforced and pre-stressed concrete
materials, which are of paramount importance in ensuring high quality and long term performance
of industrial, commercial and multi-storey buildings and bridges.

Aim
The aim of this course is to provide methods of analysis and design of reinforced and pre-stressed
concrete structural elements using manual methods as well as the most up to date computer
software of PROKON, and prepare these design drawings as they are required in the industry,
ready for implementation.
Furthermore, this course offers trips to sites of industries as a practical induction of real life
experience after graduation.

Course Objectives

69
At the end of the course students should be able to: Design and prepare structural drawings of
Reinforced and pre-stressed concrete elements, and be able to supervise construction of the same.

Course Content
Introduction
Reinforced Concrete as a structural material, Codes of Practice factors of safety, Ultimate limit
state and the distribution of strains and stresses across a section and general design equations.
Shear, Bond and Torsion: Shear, Anchorage Bond and laps in reinforcement; Section subject to
Torsional Moments.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Span-effective depth ratios, Design for bending and shear; Continuous Beams, Cantilever Beams;
Design for combined bending and torsion. Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs: Span-effective
depth ratios; Reinforcement Details, Solid slabs spanning in two directions; Ribbed and Hollow
Block floors.
Column Design
Loading and moments; short and slender column; reinforcement details. Serviceability and
Durability: Span-effective depth ratios, calculation of deflections; Flexural cracking; Creep,
Thermal and shrinkage cracking; stability.
Foundations
Pad footings; combined footings; strap footings; strip footings; raft foundation; piled foundation.
Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings:
Types and structural action, load combinations; frame analysis; stability; Building Design
Example.
Pre-stressed Concrete
Principles of prestressing; Methods of prestressing; Analysis and Design at the ultimate limit state;
Design for the serviceability limit state

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books and Software of Structural Design

1. Chanaya Arya Design of Structural Elements 3rd Edition, 2009, by Taylor and Francis. ISBN
0-203-92650-1
2. PROKON.

COURSE TITLE : WATER MANAGEMENT AND HYDRALIC STRUCTURES

COURSE CODE : CEE 5311

Rationale
The water resources of the world are one of its most important assets. Water is essential for human

70
consumption and sanitation, for the production of food and many industrial goods, for navigation;
water is a significant factor in recreation and transport. However water is unequally distributed
about the earth and its availability at any place varies greatly with time; in its use water is polluted;
excessive water (floods) cause substantial damage and loss of life. Therefore it is only possible to
achieve a level of efficiency in water use when skilled planning and careful management is applied.
So it is the privilege of the civil engineers to fulfil this essential task for the well-being of human
society.

Aim
To equip students with knowledge on planning and management of water resources projects, and
design, construction and management of dams and other hydraulic structures

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Design hydraulic structures including reservoirs, dams and spillways;
2. Select pumps and turbines;
3. Model hydraulic structures;
4. Design irrigation systems
5. Plan and manage water resources

Course Content
Reservoirs
Physical characteristics, Mass curve and demand curve, Reservoir yield, Reservoir sedimentation,
Reservoir routing for alleviation of floods.
Dams
Types and their choice, Stability of dams, Design of spillway crests, Outlet works and energy
dissipaters
Hydraulic machinery
Hydropower, Classification and selection of turbines, Pump selection and pump characteristics.
Hydraulic models
Geometric, Kinematic and dynamic similarity, Models of rivers and channels, Selection of criteria,
Parameters and scales, Distorted models, Erodible bed models, Hydraulic structure models,
Experimental techniques and analysis of errors.

Irrigation
Principles of irrigation, Basic soil-water-plant relations (soil moisture retention curve), Salinity
problems in soil and water, Irrigation requirements, Consumptive use, Irrigation Methods, Design
of irrigation network lines and earth canals, Regime and tractive force methods, Irrigation
structures, Drainage, Operation and maintenance.
Water resources planning
Reconnaissance and feasibility studies including legal, social and environmental impacts,
Problems of uncertainty and lack of data, Introduction to multipurpose projects, Application of
optimization techniques such as linear programming.

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

71
Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. David A. Chin, 2006. Water Resources Engineering, 2nd Ed, Pearson Prentice Hall, ISB: 0-
13-148192-4
2. Hoffman G. H, Evans R. G., Jensen E. M., Martin D. L., and Elliot R. L. (2007). Design and
Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, ISBN:
1-892769-64-6.

Recommended Reading
1. Mays, L. W. (2011). Water Resources Engineering, 2nd Ed: Wiley India Pvt. Limited, ISBN
9788126531646
2. Novak, P., Moffat, A. I. B., Nalluri, C., & Narayanan, R. (2007). Hydraulic Structures,
Fourth Edition: Taylor & Francis, ISBN. 9780203964637

COURSE CODE: CEE 5222

COURSE TITLE: DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

Rationale
Industrial, commercial and multi-storey residential structures and bridges are the key components
in economic growth of our nation, and are on the increase at all times.

Therefore, it is of cardinal importance that graduates from Civil Engineering participate in the
design, construction and maintenance of the above stipulated structures. This course equips them
with knowledge of design of structural elements using structural steel material, which is of
paramount importance in ensuring high quality and long term performance of industrial,
commercial and multi-storey buildings and bridges.

Aim
The aim of this course is to provide methods of analysis and design of structural steel elements
using manual methods as well as the most up to date computer software of PROKON, and prepare
these design drawings as they are required in the industry, ready for implementation.

Furthermore, this course offers trips to sites of industries as a practical induction of real life
experience after graduation.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to: Design and prepare structural drawings of
Structural steel elements, and be able to supervise construction of the same.

Course Content

72
Steel as a structural materials, Codes of Practice, Load factors, Structural sections.
Design of tension members, Design of flexural members (beams); Combined bending and tension;
Design of compression members (including built up sections ); Column bases; Combined bending
and axial load. Design of connections. Design of Trusses. Design of frames. Building Design
(Design Project).

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books and Software of Structural Design

1. Chanaya Arya Design of Structural Elements 3rd Edition, 2009, by Taylor and Francis. ISBN
0-203-92650-1
2. PROKON

Recommended Reading
1. Abraham [Link] 1991 Schaum’s Outlines Structural Steel Design by Mc Graw-Hill. ISBN
0-07-053563-9

COURSE CODE: CEE 5232

COURSE TITLE: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

Rationale
The analysis and design of dynamically sensitive civil engineering structures, such as tall
buildings, towers and chimneys and long span bridges, requires the application of structural
dynamics tools and knowledge.
Aim
The course aims at introducing the concepts of structural dynamics and the response of civil
engineering structures to time-varying loads, including those due to wind and earthquakes. This
requires the extension of structural theory to include the effects of the mass and damping and to
evaluate the action of various deterministic and random dynamic loads.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Set up and solve the equation of motion for simple mass-spring-damper systems under
harmonic force or base motion.
2. Determine the response of SDOF systems to arbitrary force or ground motion by both
Duhamel integral and time-stepping integration methods.
3. Understand the origin and nature of seismic ground motion, and be able to construct and use
response spectra.
4. Formulate and solve the equations of motion for simple MDOF systems to obtain natural

73
 frequencies and modes.
5. Conduct dynamic analyses of simple MDOF systems using modal superposition, spectral-
modal analysis and equivalent static force methods.

Course Content
Review of Engineering Dynamics Basic concepts, Newton’s law of motion under constant and
variable forces, work-energy, impulse momentum and conservation principles. Dynamic systems
with single-degree of freedom equation of motion free and forced vibration, transient response in
elastic and elasto-plastic systems. Dynamic systems with multi-degree of freedom free and forced
vibration of two degree of freedom systems, matrix iteration for the determination of natural
frequencies, stiffness method and flexibility method. Vibration of continuous systems-
mathematical modelling, transverse vibration of beams.

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Biggs J.M., Introduction to Structural Dynamics. McGraw-Hill, 1964

Recommended Reading
1. J.W., Penzien J., Dynamics of Structure, McGraw-Hill, 1970.

COURSE CODE: CEE 5242

COURSE TITLE: BRIDGE ENGINEERING

Rationale
There is growing demand for infrastructure development, especially in the road sector. Based on
regional market analysis, there are very few specialists in the field of Bridge Engineering hence
the need to prepare a base for young Engineers who might need to further their specialization in
this area.

Aim
The main aim of this course is impart a solid background to students who may need practice or
further their knowledge in the field of Bridge Engineering.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Plan and Select suitable bridges
2. Analyse and design bridges
3. Select sites and supervise bridge construction

74
4. Select suitable bridge bearings
5. Conduct Bridge Load Capacity Evaluation and Rating
6. Apply CAD in Bridge Engineering

Course Content
Introduction
Concepts of bridge design, design codes, bridge classification and types: pre-cast, composite, pre-
stressed concrete, suspension/cable-stayed bridges, siting.
Bridge Planning and Selection
Traffic Studies, Hydrotechnical Studies, Geotechnical Studies, Environmental Considerations,
Economic Feasibility of a Bridge, Factors Considered in Deciding Bridge Type, Aesthetics in
Bridge Design
Loads
Train loads, element dependent loads, temperature, Eigen stress and hydration, statical and
dynamic winds, collision, settlements and vertical adjustments of supports
Bridge Structural Analysis
Continuous beams, girder, slab system, folded structures, cable structure
Analysis Steps and Erection Methods
Construction stages and superposition, incremental launching method, cantilever method. 1 st, 2nd
and 3rd order theory of bridge analysis, non-linear materials and contact elements (slip, flow, and
crack), primary states of deformation, influence lines, hydration, imperfections, buckling, Eigen
values and Eigen mode shapes concepts.
Superstructure Design
Concrete Bridges (Reinforced and Prestressed)
Steel Girder Bridges
Substructure Design
Construction Methods and Quality Control
Bridge Bearings and Joints
Bridge Load Capacity Evaluation and Rating
CAD in Bridge Engineering
Bridge design project

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Richard M. Barker , Jay A. Puckett (2013), Design of Highway Bridges, Third Edition ,
John Wiley & Sons, ISBN-10: 0470900660, ISBN-13: 978-0470900666
2. Demetrios E. Tonias, Jim J. Zhao (2007). Bridge Engineering, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill,
ISBN-10: 0071459030

75
Recommended Reading
1. Wai-Fah Chen; Lian Duan (2003), Bridge Engineering: Construction and Maintenance
(Principles and Applications in Engineering), CRC Press, ISBN: 0849316847
2. Kim Robert H., Kim Jai B. (2001), Bridge Design for the Civil and Structural Professional
Engineering Exams, 2nd Edition, PPI, ISBN: 978-1-888577-71-6

COURSE CODE: CEE 5332

COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT

Rationale
There is growing awareness of the need for comprehensive and integrated water resources
management. Integrated water resources management seeks to manage the water resources in a
comprehensive and holistically. The course will therefore equip the students with the necessary
skills in this emergent area.

Aim
The aim of the course is to impart the basic principles of Integrated Water Resource Management
(IWRM) and the implied multidisciplinary approach to water resources management.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
1. Define IWRM and understand the basic principles and concepts
2. Apply the concepts and principles in management and development of water resources at
local and national levels

Course Content
IWRM in context
Traditional development practices, Challenges of IWRM, Management Principles in the context
of IWRM, Steps in establishing IWRM institutions
Concepts and definitions
The water cycle, three characteristics of water, integrated water resources management,
Policy principles, Sustainability of water resources, Institutional aspects, Strategic issues
Introduction to system thinking and problem analysis
What is a system? Some examples of systems, Some historical aspects on the study of systems,
Basic systems terminologies, Basic systems models, The concept of systems-ware, The
performance of systems, Systems, strategic planning and policy development.
Water allocation: some general consideration
Introduction, Balancing demand and supply, Issues in water allocation
Urban Water Demand
Estimation of urban water demand, Pricing of urban water
Rural Water demand
Water use, Different types of domestic water use, Determinants of water use, The deterioration in
piped water supply, The burden of water collection, The true cost of water, Cost of alternatives,
Health effects of alternative water sources and sanitation facilities
Agricultural Water demand

76
Yield response to water, Crop water requirements, Rain fed agriculture, Irrigation, Yield reduction
due to water shortage,
Environmental Water Demand
Introduction, quantifying environmental water requirements

Prerequisite:
CEE 4311

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Tutorial/Assignments: 20%
Test: 20%
Final Examination: 60 %

Recommended Reading
1. Jos G. Timmerman, Claudia Pahl-Wostl, and Jorn Moltgen The Adaptiveness of IWRM
Analysing European IWRM research (2008) IWA publishers • ISBN: 9781843391722
2. Catalyzing Change: A handbook for developing integrated water resources management
(IWRM) and water efficiency strategies (GWP)Printed by: Elanders 2004 Production

COURSE CODE: CEE 5412

COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II

Rationale:
An introductory appreciation on the background, future and other complex issues that are linked
to the environment.

Aim:
To provide an understanding on environmental ethics and material balances.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to understand the basic concepts that articulate
environmental issues including urbanisation, pollution, hazardous waste management and general
environmental management:

Course Content
Introduction
Historical developments, urbanisation, industrialisation, population growth and the environment;
sustainable development, the project cycle.
Water Supply and Wastewater Problems and Practices
Treatment processes in developmental stages, design of municipal water and wastewater treatment

77
systems; design of reservoirs, transmission and distribution systems; sewage and water collection
works; comprehensive engineering reports and cost estimates; operation and maintenance
economics; industrial water supply and wastewater problems – measures for treatment and
disposal; technical, administrative and regulatory aspects; introduction to institutional affairs.
Low-cost Water Supply and Sanitation
The goal of universal coverage and the obstacles/pitfalls; conventional versus alternative
approaches in water supply and sanitation; community-based approaches, appropriate/alternative
technologies in water supply and sanitation; rural water supply and peri-urban water supply – the
challenges.
Solid Waste Management
Principles of the theory, design; operation of waste collection, transport and disposal systems;
recycling of solid waste, introduction to hazardous waste management.
Cleaner Production
Waste reclamation, reuse and recycle; reuse of wastewater for agriculture, the 3rs
Environmental Management
Definitions, basic principles of environmental management, environmental planning, monitoring,
assessment (EIAs), auditing; legal and socio-economic considerations in environmental
management
Projects
Complete design/analysis projects for water, wastewater, solid wastes and environmental systems

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week/Design exercise per week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%
Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Vesilind P.,Morgan S.,and Heine L., Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 2010
2. Cairncross, S. And Feachem,R.G., Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics, John
Wiley and Sons, 1993

Recommended Reading
1. Tchobanoglous G. and Schroeder, E.D., Water Quality, Addisson-Wesley, 1985
2. Tchobanoglous, G. and Burton, F.L., Wastewater Engineering – Treatment, Disposal and
Reuse, 3rd Edition, McGraw-hill, 1991
3. Twort, A.C., Law,F.M., Crowley, F.W., and Ratnayaka, D.D., Water Supply, 4 th Edition,
Arnold, 1994
4. Tchobanoglous,G.,Thiessen,H. And Vigil, S., Integrated Solid Waste Management,
McGraw-Hill, 1993

COURSE CODE: CEE 5612

78
COURSE TITLE: TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

Rationale
Civil Engineers involved in Transportation are expected to participate in the planning of
transportation systems, provision of safe and efficient transportation systems and in solving
problems related to transportation like congestion, pollution and accidents.

Aims
1. To introduce students to transportation planning in urban areas and the management of
traffic. The course emphases on urban transportation planning, transportation data sources
and surveys, fundamentals of travel demand and network modeling, financial issues.
2. To introduce students to traffic analysis and modelling; traffic management principles and
to traffic flow theory and principles of traffic signal operation.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Evaluate and analyse different alternatives in the selection of Projects for design;
2. Design, Conduct and administer surveys to provide data required for transportation Planning.
3. Forecast Travel Demand;
4. Evaluate and analyse different alternatives in the selection of Projects for design;
5. Be familiar with the impact of transportation on the environment with focus on air quality
conformity;
6. Be familiar with Impact of the transportation project on the land use
7. Be familiar the fundamental traffic flow theories and identify basic traffic variables and their
relationships including speed, density and flow.
8. Analyze a variety of traffic facilities and evaluate capacity and level of service (LOS).
9. Design signalized intersections including isolated, coordinated and roundabouts.
10. Assess, evaluate and justify methods of traffic management and control.
11. Evaluate traffic impacts on the environment and safety.

Course Content
Transportation planning
Transportation systems and their characteristics, fundamental concepts and requirements in
planning, appropriate modelling techniques, surveys for transportation studies.
Evaluation of transport schemes: Economic, environmental.
Traffic engineering analysis
Traffic characteristics, volumes and speed, traffic growth, traffic flow analysis.
Road capacity
Road functions and classifications to select appropriate elements of road links, geometric design.
Traffic management and control

Time:
4 hrs of lectures + 3 hrs tutorial or lab/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 20%

79
 Test 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Garber, N.J. and Hoel, L.E., Traffic and Highway Engineering, Fourth Edition SI ,2010,
Cengage Learning. . ISBN-13: 9780495438533.
2. Khisty C.J. and Lall B.K., Transportation Engineering: An Introduction, Third Edition, 2003,
Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 13: 9780130335609

Recommended Reading
1. Mannering F. and Washburn S., Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis,
Fifth Edition, 2012, John Wiley and Sons. SBN-13: 9781118120149
2. C.S. Papacostas, P.D. Prevedouros, Transportation Engineering and Planning, 2005,
Prentice Hall. ISBN 13: 9780131973091

80
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING COURSES

COURSE DETAILS

SECOND YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: EEE 2019

COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING

Rationale
Students who have entered the school of engineering, intending to study various engineering
disciplines such mechanical, civil and agricultural engineering, require basic knowledge of
electrical and electronic engineering for application in their fields. This course introduces the basic
concepts of electrical and electronic engineering. It has now been reviewed to to account for
developmental trends in the field including analysis tools.

Aim
The course is meant to introduce all engineering students to the basics of electrical and electronic
engineering.

Objectives
Upon completion of the course, will be able to:
1. analyse simple DC and AC circuits
2. use Thevenin and Norton theorems in analysing Circuits
3. determine AC steady-state responses of resistance, inductance and capacitance circuits
4. solve problems relating to operational amplifiers
5. analyze logic gates, diodes, transistors and transformers
6. perform electrical measurements and construct circuits on circuit boards

Course Outline
Introduction
Electrostatics; Electric Field, Charge, electric flux, electric flux density, capacitance, stored
energy.
Electromagnetism: Magnetic Field, magnetic flux, magnetic flux density, B-H Characteristics of
Magnetic materials, magnetic circuits, Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law, Self and Mutual Inductance,
Stored Energy, electric and magnetic fields measuring instruments.
Circuit Analysis
Electric Circuit Components: Current and Voltage sources; Current, voltage, resistance,
inductance, capacitance, RLC current / voltage linear relationships, resistance as a function of
temperature.
DC Circuit Theory
Power absorbed or transmitted , Parallel and Series circuit connections, Network simplifications-
Star-Delta Transformation, Voltage and Current Divider Rules, Direct application of Ohms Law
and Kirchhoff’s current & voltage Laws, Nodal and Mesh Analysis. Network Theorems:
Superposition, Thevenin, Norton. DC Transients: RL and RC Circuits.

81
AC Circuit Theory
Time-varying periodic wave forms, average values, r.m.s values, form factor, Harmonic Distortion
Factor, magnitude and phase angle of ac voltages and currents.
Single-phase and Three-phase Circuits
The j-operator, star-delta voltage and current line-phase relationships, resistance, capacitive and
inductive reactance, Impedance, conductance, capacitive and inductive susceptance, admittance,
power factor triangles and power factor correction, apparent power, active power, reactive power.
Applications: AC transformers, single phase and three-phase generators and motors.
Electronic Circuit Components
Diode, Transistor, Integrated Circuits examples; Diodes and Transistors as switches examples,
Transistors as amplifiers examples. Analogue Diode and Transistor Logic Gates examples (AND,
OR GATEs Truth Tables).

Prerequisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 2 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 1.5 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments/ Tutorials: 8-10 5%
Laboratories/Mini-Projects: 6-10 15%
Tests: 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books:
1. William H. Roadstrum and Dan H. Wolaver, Electrical Engineering for All Engineers,
(2008), John Wiley and Sons, ISBN :10:0471271780

Recommended Readings:
1. Jimmie Cathey and Sayed Nasar, Basic Electrical Engineering, Schaum’s Outline Series,
(1996), McGraw Hill 2nd edition, ISBN -10: 0070113556
2. Charles I. Hubert , DC/AC Electric Circuits, (1982), McGraw Hill, ISBN-10: 0070308454;
ISBN-13: 978-0070308459

COURSE CODE: ENG 2139

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY

Rationale
Information and communication technology (ICT) curriculum provides any student with the
analytical, interpersonal, and technical skills they require to be active participants in the digital
and dynamic world. The range and repertoire of the ICT skill is continually changing. This
reviewed course has adapted to these changes.

82
Aim
The aim of the course is to provide entry level skills and introduce introductory level tools for
information and communication in an engineering environment.

Objectives
Upon completion of the course the students should be able to:
1. Use the C ++ programming language as an engineering tool in solving engineering
problems.
2. Develop a basic understanding of computer architecture, real time scheduling and
optimization.
3. structure an advertisement campaign from a Graphic Designer's perspective
4. creatively solve design problems
5. manage design projects
6. manage mobile information systems and their functional networking
7. to implement new findings of the natural sciences in a problem-solving-oriented way of
thinking

Course Outline
Introduction to Computer Hardware and Software
Computer hardware: input/output devices, CPU, control devices, memory, ROM, RAM, PC
Architecture, Disk System Architecture, How Printers work.
Computer Software: introduction to Computer operating system, using the operating system GUI,
installing and using Windows OS family (XP, Vista, 7 and 8), Introduction to Open Source OSes
(e.g. Linux). Application installation and configuration. Utilities, Files, introduction to application
software: Microsoft word, excel, PowerPoint and access.
Networking
Network layers, Type of Networks, Protocols (TCP/IP), Network technologies, Network media,
Connectivity devices, Installation and upgrades, Troubleshooting techniques.
Database Management System
Introduction to SQL Language, installation and using Microsoft server, data security, data storage,
storage systems
Introduction to Programming
Programming in C++, structure, syntax, compiling application to engineering problem, Classes
and objects. Using Math Lab to draw engineering graphs

Prerequisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 2 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 1.5 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments/ Tutorials: 5%
Laboratories/Mini-Projects 15%

83
 Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Canale, Introduction to Computers, McGraw-Hill, Inc. (2003)
2. S. Goodson, ‘Teach Yourself C++ in 24 hours, (2001), Sams Publications ISBN-10:
0672322242, ISBN-13: 978-0672322242.

Prescribed Readings
1. Michael Miller, Easy Computer Basics, (2005), Que Publishing, ISBN: 0-7897-3420-6.
2. David Growth and Dan Dressen, A+ Complete Study Guide, (2003)John Wiley.

THIRD YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: EEE 3121

COURSE TITLE: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Rationale
This course will provide students with the basic tools required for understanding linear systems,
and the effect that such systems have on deterministic signals. It will prepare students for more
advanced studies in Digital Signal Processing, Telecommunications Systems including Wireless
Communication System Design, as well as Dynamic Systems and Control Engineering. In
addition, due to the importance of DC circuits in electrical and electronic systems, techniques and
tools to analyse DC circuits are therefore an important knowledge and skill for the future electrical
or electronic engineer.

Aim
This course aims at equipping students with necessary technical understanding on the importance
nature and types of signals as information carrier entities, either as input or output to any given
linear system.

Objectives
A student completing this course will be able to:
1. Apply the differential and integral relationships between charge, current, voltage, power and
energy.
2. Set up and solve node and mesh equations for circuits containing resistors, independent
sources, dependent sources, and operational amplifiers.
3. Simulate circuit behaviour using P-SPICE.
4. Perform Laplace calculations
5. Comprehend linearity through the use of superposition; and the notion of an impulse
response.
6. Analyse and design simple circuits with operational amplifiers.
7. Solve for the complete response of RL and RC circuits with DC inputs.
8. Solve a linear constant coefficient differential equation using Laplace transform techniques.
9. Compute the Fourier series or Fourier transform of a set of well-defined signals from first
principle be able to solve a linear constant coefficient differential equation using Laplace

84
 transform techniques.
10. Understand the intuitive meaning of frequency domain and the importance of analysing and
processing signals in the frequency domain.
11. Compute the Fourier series or Fourier transform of a set of well-defined signals from first
principles, and further be able to use the properties of the Fourier transform to compute the
Fourier transform (and its inverse) for a broader class of signals.

Course Outline
Review of fields and Circuits
Main Characteristics of electric and magnetic fields. Relation between field and circuit concepts.
Kind of electric current.
Network Analysis
Revision of sinusoidal steady-state analysis, network theorems. Single phase and three phase
circuits, phase and line quantities.
Concepts related to Signal Representation:
Linear convolution, Fourier analysis, and sampling of continuous-time signals. Time and
frequency domain representation of signals. Periodic and non-periodic signals. RMS and average
values of non-sinusoidal current, voltage and e.m.f. Effect of triple harmonics on three phase
systems. Signals and linear networks, transmission requirements and distortions in transmission
(particularly of pulses). Power spectra and correlation. Introduction to random signals. Statistical
waveform measures, Gaussian and other useful types of distributions. Noise, its physical sources
and characteristics. Measures of system noise, noise figure, noise temperature, noise in cascaded
systems. Detection of pulses in noise.
Transient Response:
Transient defined, transient performance of linear electric circuits. Transient in RL and RLC
circuits, switching rules. Transient response as related to s-plane location and of roots.
Laplace Transformations:
Fundamentals of Laplace transforms. Transforms of derivative and integral, frequency response
and bode plots. Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws in operational form. Solution of circuit problems by
the Laplace transform method. Partial faction expansion. Shifted unit step function, ramps and
impulse functions. Waveform synthesis, convolution integral and applications.
Two Port Networks:
Two port network equations. Two port parameters. Cascade and parallel connection of two port
networks. Network functions for one port and two ports.

Prerequisites
EEE 2019

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments/ Tutorials 5%
Laboratories/Mini-Projects 15%
Tests 20%

85
 Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. C.L. Wadhwa, Basic Electrical Engineering, 2nd Ed., (2006), New Age International (P) Ltd
Publishers, ISBN-10: 8122417531, ISBN-13: 978-8122417531
2. Kuo F.F., Network Analysis and Synthesis, 3rd Ed., (1996), J. Wiley (SE), ISBN 10-471-
51118-8.

Recommended Readings
1. Anderson B., Network Analysis and Synthesis, A modern Systems Theory Approach,
(2006), J. Wiley (SE), ISBN 10-048645357X, Paperback

FOURTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: EEE 4682

COURSE TITLE: COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

Rationale
The critical role telecommunications systems have been playing in the modern exchange of
information makes it imperative to introduce students intending to specialise in electronic and
telecommunications engineering to fundamental communication principles.

Aim
This course aims at equipping students with fundamentals in Telecommunications Engineering
principles and techniques.
Course Objectives
A student completing this course should be able to:
1. to determine the power and bandwidth requirements of the signal, given a signal consisting
of simple function,
2. determine its spectral representation of a signal
3. Determine the bandwidth required for various modulation techniques (AM, FM, PM) for a
signal.
4. Determine the Nyquist sampling rate, required number of bits/sample needed to achieve the
desire SNR and the resulting bit-rate for a signal.

Course Outline
Communication Concepts
Source, channel, sink, encoder, decoder. Modulation; carrier wave and baseband modulation and
transmission. Bandwidth, frequency spectrum, power spectral density. Frequency and time
division multiplexing. Thermal noise and shot noise, noise factor. Attenuation and filtering.
Review of Fourier Analysis
Complex exponential form of Fourier series. Fourier transform representation of periodic signals.
Linear Modulation Scheme:
Baseband signal transmission, equalisation, distortion and compounding. Double side band (DSB),
amplitude (AM), and single side band (SSB modulation theory. High level and low level amplitude
modulation. Modulation and demodulation circuits and techniques. Signal to noise ratios, pre-

86
emphasis and de-emphasis filtering.
Angle Modulation schemes:
Phase (PM) and Frequency (FM) Modulation theory; Narrow Band FM and Wide Band FM;
Modulation and demodulation circuits and techniques; S/N ratios, threshold effects and threshold
extension.
Pulse Modulation Schemes:
Pulse amplitude (PAM), pulse position (PPM), and pulse duration (PDM modulation.
Digital Modulation Scheme:
Amplitude (ASK), phase (PAK), and frequency (FSK) shift keying. Pulse code modulation (PCM).
Power and bandwidth requirements, S/N ratios.
Transmission Lines in telecommunication:
Electrical equivalent circuits. Characteristic impedance, standing waves, Smith chart. Quarter and
half wavelength lines.
Propagation of Radio Waves:
Ground waves, troposopheric waves, ionospheric waves and related topics.

Prerequisites
EEE 2019 and EEE 3571

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments/Tutorials: 5%
Laboratories/Mini-Projects 15%
Tests: 20%
Final Examination: 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 5th Ed., (2009), ISBN-10: 0471697907,
ISBN-13:978-0471697907

Recommended Readings
1. Coates R.F.W., Modern Communication Systems, 2nd Ed., (1987), Scholium International,
ISBN :10-333-358325
2. Vachani J,.Modern Communication and Information Systems, (2006), Kanishka Publishers,
ISBN 10:8173911941.

COURSE CODE: EEE 4352

COURSE TITLE: ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Rationale
Electrical machines permeate many fabrics of modern daily life in the conversion of power to the
useful mechanical form for industrial and domestic applications. Electrical machines are also

87
useful for the conversion of various types of raw power, in the form of hydropower and fossil-base
types, to the more convenient and more easily transmittable form of electrical power. Although
electrical machine theory and analysis has evolved over the last 30 years, this course emphasises
tested analytical techniques to treat well-established traditional electrical machines that have
survived applications in the wake of new power conditioning apparatus. The course also sets the
scene for the advanced and modern analytical approach in an advanced course in the programme.

Aim
The aim of the course is to introduce students to operational characteristics and considerations of
the main forms of classical direct and alternating current electric machines.

Objectives
The objectives of the course are to:
1. describe operational and constructional features of various configurations of transformers
2. analyse operational features of dc motors and generators
3. evolve the concept of the rotating magnetic field for synchronous and asynchronous
operation of polyphase ac machines
4. develop equivalent circuits for analysis of synchronous and asynchronous ac machines
5. apply phasor diagrams for analysis of synchronous and asynchronous machines
6. describe testing and commission requirements for transformers, dc motors and ac motors

Course Outline
Transformers:
Introduction to three-phase transformers, constructional features, parallel operation;
autotransformers, multi-winding transformers and instrument transformers
DC machines:
Armature reaction; commutation; Steady-state load characteristics of dc motors and generators.
Constructional features.
Polyphase synchronous machine:
Concept of synchronous operation; theory of synchronous operation; theory of synchronous
machine with uniform airgap; Equivalent circuit, voltage equation, typical phasor diagrams,
electrical power as a function of load angle; operating characteristics with constant power and
varying excitation, relationship to phasor diagram; torque angle.
Polyphase induction machine:
Transition from synchronous to asynchronous operation; derivation of exact equivalent circuit;
modification of exact equivalent circuit by application of Thevenin theorem; 'rotor current'
mechanical power, torque, conditions for maximum torque; effect of rotor resistance on current
and torque characteristics; determination and use of parameters.
Commissioning and testing:
Specifications, testing, and commissioning of transformers and machines

Prerequisites
EEE 3352

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week

88
 Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week
Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15%
Tests 20%
Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Fitzgerald A.E., Kinsley C., Umans S.D., Electric machinery, 6th ed., (2003), McGraw-Hill,
New York, USA, ISBN 0073660094.

Recommended Readings
1. Boldea, I. Tutelea L.N., Electric machines: steady state, transients, and design with
MATLAB, (2009), Taylor & Francis, ISBN 1420055720, 9781420055726.
2. Kothari, D.P. and Nagrath, I.J., Electric machines, (2003), 3rd ed., Tata McGraw-Hill, ISBN
0-07-058377-3.

COURSE CODE: EEE 4221

COURSE TITLE: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Rationale
Due to the critical role digital signal processing plays in today modern world of smart technologies;
Digital Signal Processing drives the operational activities of systems from hand-held devices such
as mobile phone units to motor vehicle and aircraft control systems. Modern telecommunications
heavily depend on Digital Signal Processing for high quality signals and high speed transfer of
information. It has become imperative to equip electronic and telecoms engineers with a
foundation in these state-of-art skills and knowledge to give them a good starting point to take up
more specialised courses in Digital Signal Processing required for a carrier in the Information and
Communication Technologies industry and other related sectors.

Aim
This course aims at introducing students to the theory, practice and applications of digital signal
processing including digital filtering and the discrete Fourier transform.

Objectives
After completing the course, students should be able to:
1. To program a DSP chip to filter signal using any appropriate programming language for
embedded systems.
2. Explain how digital to analog (D/A) and analog to digital (A/D) converters operate and
3. Apply mathematical models for analog (D/A) and analog to digital (A/D) converters.
4. Apply Z transforms and time Fourier transforms to analyse a digital system.
5. Design simple finite impulse response filters
6. Apply Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFTs) on a number of situations requiring digital
systems.

89
Course Outline
Digital signals and systems
Operations in digital signal processing; Fourier representations in discrete and continuous time,
convolution; review sampling; antialiasing, sample and hold, aperture correction; decimation and
interpolation; quantiser structure; exact quantization error, overload probability, fine-quantization
error approximation.
Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT)
Forward and inverse transforms; coefficient ordering; time and frequency resolution; periodic
extension, zero padding and modulo-M reduction; properties of the DFT, circular convolution;
Cooley-Tukey decomposition, recursive application, radix-2 FFT’s, time and frequency
decimation, computational complexity; inverse FFT.7
Short-time spectral analysis
Examples in speech and music analysis; rectangular window and its effects, Dirichlet kernel; time-
frequency tradeoff in design of classical fixed windows (Bartlett, Hann, Hamming, Blackman) and
optimized adjustable windows (Kaiser).
Pole-zero descriptions of digital filters in the z-plane
Regions of convergence of the z-transform; rational-polynomial forms in z and l/z; linear constant-
coefficient difference equations and rational-polynomial forms of transfer functions; stability and
causality; finite impulse response(FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR); time responses of real
pole and complex-conjugate pole pair; frequency responses of poles and zeros; frequency
selectivity and specification; non smooth behavior of magnitude and phase, continuous-phase
representation; generalized linear phase (GLP), symmetry of GLP filters, phase delay and group
delay; allpass factors and minimum phase; zero locations of GLP FIR filters
Designing digital filters
Design characteristics of FIR and IIR filters; design of FIR filters by impulse-response truncation
and windowing; Gibb’s phenomenon, ripple, and transition widths; continuous-time lowpass
filters (Butterworth, Chebyshev, elliptic), pose-zero representations in the s-plane (Laplace
transforms); impulse-invariant transformation; bilinear transformation; digital frequency
transformations.
Implementing digital filters
Block-diagram representations; direct forms; cascade forms, first and second-order factors;
parallel forms; feedback loops transposed forms; linear-phase FIR structures

Prerequisites
EEE 3121, EEE 3132

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week
Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments/ Tutorials 5%
Laboratories/Mini-Projects 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books

90
1. John G. Proakis, Dimitris Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and
Applications”, 4th Edition, (2006), Prentice Hall, ISBN-10: 0131873741, ISBN-13: 978-
0131873742.

Recommended Readings
1. Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer, John R. Buck, Discrete-Time Signal Processing,
2nd Edition, (1999), Prentice-Hall, ISBN: 0137549202 / 0-13-754920-2.
2. Robert D. Strum and Donald E. Kirk, First Principles of Discrete Systems and Digital Signal
Processing, (1988), Addison Wesley, ISBN-10: 0201095181, ISBN-13: 978-0201095180.
3. Richard G. Lyons, Understanding Digital Signal Processing, 2nd Edition, (2004) Pearson
Education, ISBN-10: 0137027419, ISBN-13: 978-0137027415.

COURSE CODE: EEE 4135

COURSE TITLE: MICROCONTROLLER TECHNOLOGY AND EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS

Rationale
The advent of smart technologies with advanced automation and computerised control systems
will not have been possible without microcontrollers and embedded systems. It has therefore
become imperative to initiate electrical engineering students in this cutting-edge technology for in
many market places, such knowledge and skills have become a must-have in an increasing number
of industries which are applying automation and computerised systems such as mining,
telecommunications, electric power systems, etc.

Aim
The course introduces electrical and electronic engineering students to the latest concepts of
microelectronic systems. This will enable students to appreciate the basic principles of operations
that govern all the current electronic gadgets especially with regards to automation and control
systems.

Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the students should exhibit abilities to:
1. Describe the operations/functions of all the components of a Microcontroller and Embedded
systems.
2. Distinguish between a processor, an embedded system, a Microcontroller and personal
computer.
3. Apply embedded system & microcontroller terminology.
4. Program Control Instructions.
5. Apply the concept of addressing modes.
6. Explain the concept of data handling and shift registers.
7. Write and use programs to achieve single and specific task(s) to integrate and run into a
simple device and/or larger system for the controlling and monitoring the systems purposes.
8. Interface the system to external peripheral(s)

Course Outline
Introduction to Computing

91
Numbering and coding systems, digital primer. Basic wave forms. Inside the computer. Overview
of microcontrollers and embedded processors. Arithmetic & logic instructions: arithmetic
instructions, signed number, arithmetic operations, logic and compare instructions, rotate
instruction and data serialization.
Software
Programming in assembly language and in C basics: data types and directives; data conversion
programs, flag bits, register banks, stack, subroutines, interrupts and resets. Loop, jump and call
instructions. Time delay for various chips. Addressing modes: immediate and register addressing
modes; accessing memory using various addressing modes, bit addresses for I/O and RAM;
accessing code ROM space. Assembling and running a Microcontroller program.
Hardware and Interfacing
Bus concepts and modes of operation, microcontroller hardware-pin description, clocked
operation, interfacing concepts. Counter, timers, interrupts, serial port programming in assembly
language and in C. LCD interfacing and keyboard interfacing. ADC, DAC, and sensor interfacing.
Interfacing with external memory. RTC interfacing and programming.
Microcontroller World Applications

Prerequisites
EEE 3131

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments/ Tutorials 5%
Laboratories/Mini-Projects 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Textbooks
1. M.A. Mazidi, J. Mazidi and R. McKinlay , 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems:
International Edition, 2nd Edition, (2006) Pearson Higher Education ISBN-10: 0131970895
2. I. S. MacKenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller, 4th Edition, (2007), Pearson Higher Education
Prentice Hall ISBN-10: 0130195626.

Recommended Text
1. Peter Spasov, Microcontroller Technology: The 68HC11: International Edition, 5th Edition,
(2005), Pearson Higher Education, ISBN-10: 0131247913

FIFTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: EEE 5351

COURSE TITLE: ADVANCED ELECTRICAL MACHINES

92
Rationale
Electrical machines permeate many fabrics of modern daily life in the conversion of power to the
useful mechanical form for industrial and domestic applications. Electrical machines are also
useful for the conversion of various types of raw power, in the form of hydropower and fossil-base
types, to the more convenient and more easily transmittable form of electrical power. This course
expands the analytical techniques applied in a lower course to include generalization concepts.
More realistic models are introduced to treat both general and outlier aspects of electrical
machines. Modern electrical machines, on the concept of the reluctance force or torque, which also
escape the power of generalised machine concepts, are introduced.

Aim
The aim of the course is to introduce students to advanced and generalized concepts of electrical
machines. The course also introduces the students to prevailing developmental concepts of modern
electrical machines.

Objectives
The objectives of the course are to:
1. apply specifications / requirements, constraints and competing factors to design of electrical
machines
2. develop generalized concept models for treatment of general electrical machines
3. apply two-axis models for steady-state analysis of ac motors
4. apply the dq model for the treatment of the synchronous machine and the single-phase
induction motor
5. apply appropriate transient analysis techniques to treat transient performance of dc and ac
motors
6. introduce principles of operation and models for machines working on the basis of the
reluctance force or torque

Course Outline
Machine design considerations:
Machines windings; mmf diagrams, winding factors, EMF and torque equations; losses, Concepts
of generalised machines, Machine design aspects; electrical mechanical characteristics,
environment,
maintenance, economic factors; Effects of harmonics.
Circuit analysis of electrical machines:
Development of circuit models from dc machine and synchronous machine routs. Impedance
matrix; instantaneous and phasor variables; real-coil and pseudo-stationary; Impedance matrix;
instantaneous and phasor variables; real-coil and pseudo-stationary coil machines; expressions for
torque and power, transformation of variables with power invariance, examples; general two-axis
machine. Extension of two-axis models to induction motors and links to the steady-state per phase
model.
Steady state models for ac commutator motors:
Parks equations and two-axis equivalent circuits; Derivation of Park’s equation and dq-equivalent
circuits for a general two-axis machine.
Salient pole synchronous machine:
DQ-axis reactance models, salient-pole phasor diagrams, torque and power calculations,
reluctance and excitation torque, voltage and current fed performance, wound-rotor and

93
permanent-magnet types.
Single phase induction motor:
Analysis of simple single-phase salient pole induction motor; derivation of equivalent circuit
showing forward and backward wave effects; torque characteristics, forward and backward
components; practical methods of improving starting characteristics: capacitor motor, shaded pole
motor, split phase motor.
Transient behaviour of machines:
Transients in dc machine, time constants, distinction between electromechanical and electrical
transients, linearization concepts, numerical methods.
Electrical transients effects in ac machines using a sudden symmetrical short circuit in a
synchronous machine as an example; transient and sub-transient reactances and time constants,
engineering importance; discussion of behaviour in physical terms, with reference to equivalent
circuits.
Electromechanical transients in ac machines, natural oscillation frequencies.
Reluctance machines:
Synchronous reactance, stepping motors and switched reluctance machines, principles of operation
and models for operating characteristics.

Prerequisites
EEE 4352

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15%
Test 20%
Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Fitzgerald A.E., Kinsley C., and Umans S.D., Electric machinery, 6th ed., (2003), McGraw-
Hill, New York, USA, ISBN 0073660094.

Recommended Readings
1. Sarma M., Electric machines: steady-state theory and dynamic performance,’ 2nd ed.,
(1997), CL engineering, ISBN 0534938434
2. Boldea I., and Tutelea, L.N., Electric machines: steady state, transients, and design with
MATLAB, (2009), Taylor & Francis, ISBN 1420055720, 9781420055726.

COURSE CODE: EEE 5451

COURSE TITLE: POWER ELECTRONICS

Rationale

94
Power electronics addresses the conditioning of power for modern applications in industry, utilities
and domestic use. Modern electric motor drives and renewable energy technologies are particularly
dependant on power electronics technology. The last 30 years have seen rapid and significant
development of semiconductor devices applied in power electronics to achieve unprecedented
power ratings and switching speeds. The revised course has been fashioned to taken account of
these changes and made resilient and relevant by tracking foreseeable developments in this field.

Aim
The aim of the course is to provide students with knowledge, skills and tools for the analysis and
design of the main circuits and configurations that used in modern power electronic converters.

Objectives
The objectives of the course are to:
1. describe the modern power semiconductors devices, their control and protection
2. describe the operating principles of a general power converter using basic circuit equations
3. outline the control of power converters
4. analyse and dimension common power converters both for electrical and thermal behaviour
5. apply power converters for control of electric motor drives
6. apply power converters for domestic industrial and utility use

Course Outline
Introduction to switching devices; overview of modern power semiconductor devices and their
characteristics.
Semiconductor driver circuits and protection; thermal design.
Principles and analysis of power electronic converter topologies: ac-dc, dc-dc, dc ac.
Converter harmonic calculations and filter technologies.
Motor drive application; control of dc motors, induction motor and synchronous motor.
Residential, industrial and utility applications.

Prerequisites
EEE 4571

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15%
Test 20%
Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Mohan N., Undeland T.M., Robbins W.P., ‘Power Electronics: converters, applications and
design,’ 3rd Ed., (2003), John Wiley & sons, ISBN 0471613428, 9780471613428

95
Recommended Readings
1. Rashid M.H., ‘Power Electronics: circuits, devices and applications,’ 3rd ed., (2004),
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131011405, 9780131011403
2. Lander C. W., ‘Power Electronics,’ 3rd ed., (1993), McGraw-Hill,. ISBN 0077077148

COURSE CODE: EEE 5681

COURSE TITLE: COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Rationale
The advent of Information and Communication Technologies has made it imperative to train
telecoms engineers on principles, analysis, design and operation of Communication Networks.
Especially now, with the technological revolution brought about by mobile (wireless) telephony;
electronic and telecoms engineering graduates are expected to exhibit good understanding of
communication networks, necessary to both their career and/or further studies.

Aim
This course aims to provide students with concepts of communication system that will equip them
with knowledge for networks designs and operations.

Objectives
Upon completion of the course students should be able to:
1. Evaluate the fundamentals on the OSI and TCP/IP models of a communication system
2. Apply the concepts of multiple access in a data communication engineering system
3. Design Local Area Networks and its super structures like Campus Area Networks (CAN),
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN)
4. Design and specify network devices such as switches, routers, access points.
5. Design Wireless Networks
6. Apply concepts of Intelligent Network (IN) and different Global System for Mobile
communication networks (1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, etc.)

Course Outline
The OSI and TCP/IP Model
Application Layer, Presentation layer, Session Layer, Transport layer, UDP, reliable data transfer,
TCP, connection management, congestion and congestion control. Network layer, ICPM, Ipv6,
link-state algorithm, distance vector routing algorithm, routing in internet, broadcast and multicast
routing. Data link layer: link layer services, error detection and correction. Physical layer,Electrical
and Physical specification for devices, optic fibre and space communication systems
Multiple access
Multiplexing, CDMA, OFDMA, FDMA, TDMA, Aloha, CSMA, Telecommunication switching
systems, Performance evaluation of Communication Networks (QoS, Basic Mathematics of QoS,
QoS metrics, VoIP, Computer Simulations and Markov Analysis). Authentication, Authorisation
and Accounting (AAA)
LAN and WAN Technologies
IEEE 802 family, MAC, LAN addressing, ARP, RARP, Ethernet, Token Rings, hubs, routers and
switches (L2/L3/L4 switching), soft switch, Multi service platforms.
Wireless Networks

96
Wireless network Fundamentals; architecture and components, signalling, protocols and standards
(SS7, H.323, SIP, MGCP), cellular concept and cellular system fundamentals, call splitting and
sectoring). Fixed Access Networks, Radio Resource Management, Mobility Management.
Wireless Access Technologies and Network trends
GSM and General Packet Radio Service 2.5G Wireless, 3G Wireless, UMTS and CDMA2000,
3.5G and 4G wireless networks. Wireless LAN, Bluetooth Ad hoc networks and Sensor area
networks. Heterogeneous wireless networks.

Prerequisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15 %
Test 20 %
Examination 60 %

Prescribed Books
1. Euginio Iannone, Telecommunication Networks, 1st Ed., (2011), CRC Press, ISBN: 978-1-
4398-4636-0
2. Clark MP, Networks and Telecommunications, (1997), John Wiley ISBN: 0471973467

Recommended Readings
1. William Webb, Introduction to the Wireless Loop, (1998), Artech House, ISBN:
1580530710
2. J. Dunlop and D.G. Smith Telecommunication Engineering, (1994), Chapman Hall ISBN:
0412562707
3. J. Proakis, Digital Communications, (2008), McGraw-Hill Education ISBN: 0072321113
4. B. Sklar, Digital Communication, (2001), Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0130847887
5. Ian Glover and Peter Grant, Digital Communication, (1997), Prentice Hall, ISBN:
0130893994

97
GEOMATIC ENGINEERING COURSES

COURSE DETAILS

THIRD YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: GEE 3511

COURSE TITLE: LAND MANAGEMENT I

Rationale
As demand for land increases, it is of paramount importance that this resource is planned for
prudently so that it can sustain the present and future generations by improving the planning of
land in a way friendly to the environment. This course therefore gives the student the knowledge
to sustainably plan for various activities on land.

Aim
This course aims to provide students with understanding of concepts of Land resource
Management.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Explain the concept of land use planning
2. Explain integrated land resources assessments.
3. Apply the concept of integrated land resources assessments
4. Apply land use planning.
5. Explain Environmental Impact Assessment and its use
6. Execute Environmental Impact Assessment established national and international
procedures.

Course content
Land Use Planning
Definitions and concepts; types and levels of planning; planning horizons; planning steps; land
unit survey; suitability analysis; development plans; development centres; development controls
and monitoring; statutory provisions and controls.
Nature of Land Resources
Definitions and concepts; dimensions; spheres; components; culture and nature
Integrated Land Resources Assessments
Definitions and concepts; fieldwork preparation and execution; data processing
Environmental Impact Assessments
Definitions and concepts; fieldwork preparation and execution; data processing
Pre-requisites
None
Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week
Assessment
Continuous Assessment

98
 Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Glasson J, Therivel R, Chadwik A. (2005)Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment.
Taylor & Francis ISBN: 0415338360, 9780415338363
2. Juergensmeyer J C, Roberts T. E.(2003) Land Use Planning and development regulation
Law, West Publishing Company, ISBN: 0314257802, 978-0314257802
3. Randolph J. (2003) Environmental Land Use Planning and Management, 1st edition, Island
Press, ISBN: 1559639482, 978-1559639484

Recommended Reading (s)

1. Evans, A. (2004) Economics and Land Use Planning. Wiley, ISBN: 140511861X,
9781405118613
2. Berke P. R, Godschalk D. R. (2006) Urban Land Use Planning, 5th edition, University of
Illinois Press, ISBN: 0252030796, 978-0252030796
3. Morris P.(2001) Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment (The Natural and Built
Environment Series), 2nd Edition, Spon Press, ISBN: 0415239591, 978-0415239592

COURSE CODE: GEE 3522

COURSE TITLE: LAND MANAGEMENT II

Rationale
Land constitutes a basis for the Geomatics profession. The increasing demand of land in turn
demands an equally vibrant land management system. Therefore understanding issues concerning
how it is managed and the legal framework within which land is administered is therefore of
paramount importance. This course therefore provides a firm understanding of land management
and its legal framework that has been inadequately addressed previously.

Aim
The course aims at giving students with the understanding of law governing land and the issues of
land administration such as registration and conveyancing

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Explain the origins of land law, land tenure and land administration in general in Zambia.
2. Apply land law in different situations that arise in day to day life
3. Apply concepts of land administration in the ever increasing demand for the land resource,
effectively.
4. Apply statutory provisions and controls in land administration

Course content
Common Law Heritage and its Influence on Land Law in Zambia
Sources of land law; common law; concepts of land; classifications and categories of property;

99
law and equity; Concepts of estates and tenure; statutory provisions and controls
Land Tenure
Definitions and concepts; types of land tenure; formal and informal tenure; land and rights in land;
property rights and property regimes; concept of ownership and interests in land; land tenure in
Zambia; statutory provisions and controls
Land Administration
Definitions and concepts; process; benefits; demarcation, adjudication; allocation; registration;
valuations and economic assessments; land governance and transparency; transparency
assessment; access to information and public participation; professional ethics and integrity;
institutional and organisational reforms; land administration in Zambia; statutory provisions and
controls

Pre-requisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Diane C.(2007), Land Law, Pearson Education, 8th Edition. ISBN13: 9781405858250,
ISBN10: 1405858257
2. John D.(2008)Law Express Land Law, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition. ISBN13:
9781405873611, ISBN10: 1405873612
3. Dale, P. M.(2000) Land Administration (Spatial Information Systems), Oxford University
Press, USA, ISBN: 0198233906, 978-0198233909

Recommended Readings (s)

1. Mvunga M.P.(1982)Land Law and Policy in Zambia, Institute of African Studies
2. Mvunga M.P.(1980) The Colonial Foundation of Zambia’s Land Tenure System NECZAM,
Lusaka,

COURSE CODE: GEE 3622

COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING

Rationale
Data acquisition and processing principles normally cut across a number of courses. It was
therefore noted that a number of lecture hours were lost in duplication of lectures. This course has
therefore been designed to offer a consolidated approach to the previously individual courses. This

100
improves efficiency in time management.

Aim
This course aims to give students a consolidated approach to data acquisition and data processing
which was previously offered in individual courses.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Classify various data acquisition instrumentations
2. Identifythe various data acquisition techniques.
3. Identify the various data processing methods
4. Apply the knowledge acquired in selecting the type of data acquisition technique to
employed in a given task
5. Apply the knowledge acquired in selecting the processing method to be employed in a
particular survey
6. Evaluate the various data acquisition and data processing techniques

Course content
Data Acquisition:
Definition and concepts; data capture, conversion (from surveying instruments, databases, files and
other media, digitising and scanning, etc.); conventional and digital photogrammetry (aerial
photography, orientation parameters, stereoscopic viewing, flight planning); electromagnetic energy
and remote sensing, image characteristics
Data Processing:
Definition and concepts; spatial models; GIS functionality overview; GIS data processing;
photogrammetric data processing (aerial triangulation, orthophotography and close range
photogrammetry); remote sensing data processing (image georeferencing, image enhancement,
corrections, registration, image clipping and mosaicing)

Pre-requisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books(s)
1. 1. Campbell J. B. (2006)Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guildford Press, ISBN
159385319X, 9781593853198
2. Wolf P.R. (2000) Elements of Photogrammetry, 3rd [Link], USA

101
3. ISBN: 0072924543; 978-0072924541
4. Longley P.A. et al, (2006) Geographic Information Systems and Science,John Wiley & Sons.
ISBN 0470870028, 9780470870020

Recommended Readings(s)
1. Moffit F. H & Mikhail E. M. (1980), Photogrammetry, 3rd edition, Happer & Row,
Publishers, New York
2. Bujakiewicz A. (1994), Lecture Notes - Photogrammetry I, UNZA/TUDelft.

COURSE CODE: CEE 3711

COURSE TITLE: SOIL SCIENCE, ROADS, HYDROLOGY AND CIVIL
ENGINEERING DRAWING

Rationale
The Geomatic Engineer does the setting out of structures such as roads and buildings and therefore
needs to be able to interpret drawings, have some knowledge of soils, roads and hydraulics in order
to be efficient. In this regard, the two courses previously taken by Geomatic Engineering students
from Civil Engineering (CEE 3112 and CEE 3711) have been more or less merged into one with
emphasis on what is most relevant to Geomatic engineers. This also served to create room for the
newly introduced practical course GEO 4825 – Survey Camp.

Aim
This course aims at giving a combined approach to the concepts of soil science, roads, hydrology
and civil engineering drawing and how various aspects these concepts interact

Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Explain the types of soils and soil characteristics
2. Explain the aspects of highway engineering and hydrology
3. Explain the aspects of hydrology and its characteristics
4. Explain the concepts of Civil engineering drawings.
5. Differentiate the various classification of high way systems
6. Apply the concepts of Civil engineering drawings
7. Interpret engineering drawings so as to set them out in real world
8. Apply the knowledge acquired in engineering drawing in designing of simple structures
9. Apply the knowledge acquired in Highway engineering in on site road surveys

Course Content
Introduction to Civil Engineering Drawing
General principles of building construction drawings, drawings, elevations, plans, sections, types
and contents of building drawings, conventional symbols, scales and dimensioning
Introduction to Geology; The earth as a whole, the rock cycle, the influence of faulting on
landscape
Introduction to Soil Mechanics
The origin of soils, principle types of soils; Characteristics of Soils; Particle size analysis,
consistency limits; Stabilisation of soils; Soil compaction, C.B.R. test, lime and cement

102
stabilisation
Roads
Traffic Engineering
Highway systems and classification, traffic studies, concepts of highway capacity, highway
location and route design, geometric design
Hydraulics
The hydrological cycle:
Components of the hydrological cycle, process of evaporation and transpiration, infiltration and
surface runoff; Stream flow and drainage basin characteristics; Stream flow and hydrographs,
drainage basin characteristics
Groundwater flow: Groundwater in the hydrological cycle, mathematics of groundwater flow.
Reservoirs:
Physical characteristics of a reservoir, design of reservoir capacity using mass and demand curve

Pre-requisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Craigh R.F.(2004), Soil Mechanics, Spon Press, ISBN:0415327024, 9780415327022
2. O’Flaherty C.A.(1996)Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering.4th edition,
Butterworth-Heinemann; (ISBN-10: 0340662794, ISBN-13: 978-0340662793)
3. O’Flaherty C.A. (1986) Highways and Traffic, 3rdSub edition. Edward Arnold
4. Chudley R., Greeno R. (2010) Building Construction Handbook, 8th Ed. A Butterworth-
Heinemann. ISBN:1856178056, 978-1856178051

Recommended Reading(s)
1. David A. C. (2013)Water-Resources Engineering. 3rd Edition, [Link],
978-02737859100131481924
2. Barnes G.E. (2010) Soil Mechanics: Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN: 0230579809, 978-0230579804

103
COURSE CODE: GEE 3711
COURSE TITLE: SURVEYING

Rationale
This course seeks to introduce students to principles/methods in data acquisition. The review
therefore seeks to remove from the course techniques which are no longer in use especially those
which have even lost their historic importance (like the use of chains) and dedicate more time to
the principles of modern surveying technology and techniques which have been brought about by
the revolution in technology.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to learn, understand and apply techniques of field
surveying

Course Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Differentiate basic surveying instrumentation and data capture techniques
2. Explain the methods of data handling and data manipulation.
3. Execute surveying tasks using such instruments as tapes, EDMs., levels, Theodolites (optical
& electronic).
4. Apply data processing techniques and data presentation
5. Apply the techniques in day to day surveying challenges

Course Content
Introduction
Definitions. Survey units and coordinate systems. Errors and standards of accuracy.
Angular measurements
Horizontal angles. Vertical angles. Directions. Bearings. Application of angular measurements.
Linear measurements.
Tapes (Measurements and corrections).
Electronic Distance Measurements (EDMs) – (Measurement and corrections).
Optical Distance Measurement (ODMs)- (Types and Measurements).
Point Positioning
Single point (intersection, resection, Introduction to GNSS surveying) Principles of measuring and
data processing & Multiple Point Positioning (traversing, triangulation and trilateration) Standards
of accuracy. Error Identification and correction. Computations. Presentation
Levelling
Definitions. Principles of levelling. Types. Booking Methods. Errors and corrections. Classes of
accuracies. Contouring. Longitudinal and cross sections, Setting out levels.
Detail surveying
The polar method, intersection, orthogonal setting out. Field and calculation checks, redundancy,
Plotting the survey

Pre-requisites
None

104
Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%

Prescribed Book (s)

1. Bannister A., Raymond S. and Raymond B. (1998) Surveying. 7thedition, Prentice Hall.
ISBN 0582302498 978-0582302495
2. Uren J. and Price W. F. (2010) Surveying for Engineers. 5th [Link] Macmillan
ISBN: 230221572, 978-0230221574

Recommended Reading (s)

1. Kahmen H., Faig W. (1988) Surveying. Walter deGruytesr, Berlin. ISBN 3-11-008303-5
2. Sheperd F.A. (1982) Advanced Engineering Surveying: Problems and Solutions. Hodder
[Link]: 071313416X , 978-0713134162
3. Schofield W. (2007) Engineering Surveying, 6th Ed. Butterworths-Heinman. ISBN:
0750669497, 978-0750669498

COURSE CODE: GEE 3222

COURSE TITLE: DATA REPRESENTATIONS AND VISUALISATIONS

Rationale
This course gives the firm understanding of the cartographic principles and other data
representation techniques as required by the Geomatic engineer in presenting their work. It gives
a wholesome approach to the understanding output techniques and production management.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to learn, understand and apply processes of data
representations and visualisation in different environments

Objective
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Explain the necessary data representation and visualisation techniques.
2. Evaluate the necessary data representation and visualisation techniques.
3. Apply the concept of visualisation and data representation of various geographic data in a
more appropriate manner.
4. Explain and apply the issues of map scale
5. Generate meaningful maps taking into account international standards

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Course content
Representation and Visualisation Models
Definitions and concepts; the visualisation process; 2-Dimensional (x, y) models; 3-Dimensional
(x, y, z) models; 4-Dimensional (x, y, z, + time) models (temporal models)
Mathematics of Cartography
Definitions and concepts; map projections; shape and size of the earth; coordinate systems and
transformations; map scales and directions; grids and graticules
Cartographic Representation of the Abstraction of Reality
Definitions and concepts; selection and generalisation; cartographic symbol design and the
cartographic communication process; typography and map layout; geographical names; map
proofing and revision
Geographic Data Output Techniques
Definitions and concepts; types of printing techniques; Offset printing; computer graphics
(printers, plotters, film writers and display screens)
Production Management
Definitions and concepts; specifications; flow charts; work schedules; cost and process control.

Pre-requisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Kraak M. J., Ormeling F. (2003) Cartography: Visualisation of Spatial Data.2nd Edition,
Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0130888907, 9780130888907
2. Jones C. (2009) GIS and Computer Cartography.2ndedition, Prentice Hall, ISBN:
0130895997

Recommended Readings(s)
1. Kryger J. and Wood D. (2005) Making Maps: A visual Guide to Map Design for GIS.
Guilford Press. ISBN 1593852002, 9781593852009
2. Slocum T.A. et al¸ (2008) Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualisation. Prentice
Hall. ISBN 0132298341, 9780132298346

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FOURTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: GEE 4122

COURSE TITLE: NUMERICAL METHODS AND PROGRAMMING

Rationale
Computers have now become an inevitable part for the computation, adjustment and analysis of
survey measurements. It is there necessary for students to be equipped with skills to transform
mathematical formulae into their numerical equivalent. Since the amounts of computations are
usually huge, there is a great need for students to be able to write programmes they can use to
speed up the processing.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to learn, understand and apply analysis of survey data
and programming in surveying computations

Course Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Organize and manipulate numerical data.
2. Explain concepts of numerical methods of solving problems using a computer.
3. Apply acquired knowledge by writing personal programs to solve both simple and complex
surveying problems.
4. Explain principles of computer graphics and its applications
5. Apply computer graphics in programming

Course Content
Computer arithmetic and computational errors
Errors, precision, computational limits, iteration and convergence, minimisation of memory of
memory space and computation time
Linear spaces
Definitions, subspaces, linear dependence and dimension, normed linear spaces, linear
transformations, inner product spaces, orthogonality, LU factorisation, pivoting, Cholesky
factorisation, iterative methods, eigenvalues, orthogonal matrices, Householder transformation
Solution of the linear least squares problems
Linearising, normal equations, QR factorisation, Singular Value Decomposition, the seven-
parameter transformation
Programming
Introduction to programming, introduction programming, data flow, expressions, procedures,
variables, operators, data type characters, strings, statements, control flow charts.
Computational geometry
Introduction, background, useful algorithmic strategies, polygon partitioning, algorithms for
spatial databases
Computer graphics
Definitions, two-dimensional geometric transformation, two-dimensional viewing, structures and
hierarchical modeling, three-dimensional concepts, three-dimensional object representations,
three-dimensional geometric and modeling transformations, three-dimensional viewing, visible-
surface detection methods.

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Pre-requisites
MAT 3110, GEE 3711

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Burden R. L. and Faires J. (2004) Numerical Analysis. 8th edition, Brooks-Cole Publishing.
ISBN 0-534-39200-8
2. Rigaux P et. al. (2001) Spatial Databases: with applications to GIS, 2nd [Link]
Kaufmann Publishers [Link] 1558605886, 9781558605886.
3. Hearn D., Baker M. P. and Carithers W. (2010) Computer Graphics. 2nd Edition, Prentice
Hall, ISBN:0136053580, 9780136053583

Recommended Readings(s)
1. Methley B.D.F.(1986)Computational models in Surveying and Photogrammetry. Blackie
ISBN:0216919967

COURSE CODE: GEE 4313

COURSE TITLE: IMAGE ANALYSIS

Rationale
This course builds on the data acquisition and processing course (GEO 3622) to provide the
techniques now available for extracting information from satellite imagery and aerial photography
(digital and otherwise) in a way that is directly usable in GIS, cartography and other disciplines
that may need the data extracted here as input.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to learn, understand and apply techniques in image
classification and analysis and subsequent feature extractions.

Course Objective
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Explain the principles image analysis
2. Explain applications of image analysis
3. Explain the concepts of image correlation and Image matching
4. Classify single and multispectral images

108
5. Apply suitable image analysis techniques in order to get the best out of any given imagery.
6. Explain feature extraction concepts
7. Apply feature extraction on different images
8. Generate DEMs, profiles and sections from images
9. Generate orthophotos and orthoimages

Course content
Image Classification.
Definitions and concepts; hard and soft classifiers; unsupervised and supervised classification of
single, multi and hyper-spectral images; field verification and accuracy assessment; image
correlation and Image matching
Feature Extraction
Definitions and concepts; monoscopic interpretation and digitising; stereoscopic interpretation and
digitising; image segmentation and slicing; NDVI and other indices; principle components; DEM
and orthophoto/orthoimage generation; profiles and sections; feature selection and change
detection.

Prerequisite
GEO 3622, MAT 3110

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Campbell J. B,(2006) Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guildford Press. ISBN 159385319X,
9781593853198
2. Marther P. M. (2004) Computer Processing of remotely sensed Images, 3rd Edition, Wiley.
ISBN: 0470849193

Recommended Reading(s)
1. Lillesand T. M., Kiefer R. W. and Chipman J. W. (2007)Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation, 6th Edition, Wiley. ISBN: 0470052457, 978-0470052457

109
COURSE CODE: GEE 4622
COURSE TITLE: SPATIAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

Rationale
This course has been designed to devote the students’ time to GIS manipulation alone. It will thus
ensure that the students gain very important grounding in GIS analysis and build on the principles
they acquired in the earlier courses.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to learn, understand, evaluate and apply techniques in
spatial data modelling and analysis

Course Objective
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Explain geographic data manipulation and modelling techniques.
2. Explain and analyse different querying techniques
3. Apply spatial analyses on geographic data as it relates to various applications
4. Apply different querying techniques in different situations
5. Evaluate different data manipulation and modelling techniques
6. Explain the concepts of facility management
7. Apply the concepts of facility management in different environments

Course content
Measurements and querying
Definitions and concepts; determination of topological relationships; geometric intersections;
spatial data access for points, lines and polygons
Analyses
Definitions and concepts; spatial analysis (vector and raster overlays, overlays with decision
tables, interpolations; change detection); network analysis (critical path analysis, network
allocation, trace analysis; flow analysis); 3D analysis (DEMs, perspective views, contouring);
Image analysis (geo-referencing, image processing, feature extraction, image under laying)
Space Allocation Modelling
Definitions and concepts; land use planning; rural and urban planning; precision agriculture
Facility Management
Definitions and concepts; utility networks; pollution monitoring and control; mining works
management; property management; infrastructure management

Pre-requisites :
GEO 3222

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%

110
 Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed text(s)
1. Longley P.A., et al, (2006) Geographic Information Systems and Science. John Wiley &
Sons. ISBN 0470870028, 9780470870020
2. Haining R.P. (2003)Spatial Data Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 0521774373, 9780521774376

Recommended text(s)
1. Schabenberger O., Gotway C.A. (2005) Statistical Methods for Spatial Data Analysis. CRC
Press. ISBN 1584883227, 9781584883227
2. Steinberg S.J. (2006) GIS: Geographic Information Systems for the Social Sciences. SAGE,
ISBN 0761928731, 9780761928737

COURSE CODE: GEE 4411

COURSE TITLE: GEODESY I

Rationale
The course is intended to provide a foundation to students. New topics reflecting the trends in the
field are introduced e.g. satellite geodesy. The old classical methods are given in an historical
perspective due to the changed approaches in geodesy. The topic on astronomical geodesy is
reduced as the practice is more less being done away with. In short the changes are aimed at
updating the course.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to learn, understand and apply the basic concepts of
geodesy

Course Objective
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Explain basic geodetic concepts.
2. Explain and differentiate the various branches of geodesy
3. Explain the concepts of the ellipsoid
4. Apply the concepts of the ellipsoid in the computation of the ellipsoid
5. Apply the Theory of Errors
6. Apply the concepts of field astronomy
7. Explain the theory of space geodesy and measurements thereof
8. Apply space based positioning techniques
9. Apply the positions of features in real life situations

Course Contents
Ellipsoidal geodesy
Ellipsoid and Geoid. Geoid undulations and deflection of the vertical. The best fitting Spheroid.
The geometry of the ellipsoid and geoid. Ellipsoid and meridional ellipse, radii of curvature,

111
ellipsoid and astronomical latitude and longitude. The geodetic lines. Adoption of formula from
sphere to spheroid, Cartesian co-ordinates. Conversion of Cartesian co-ordinates into latitude and
longitude and the inverse problem. Geodetic datums. The geodetic datum accepted for Zambia.
History of Triangulation
Continuous net and system of chains. Laplace stations. Triangulation and Trilateration Primary,
secondary, tertiary quaternary order. The Zambia primary and secondary triangulation.
Reconnaissance. Layout bases, directions and distances to be observed, types of figure.
Connection with existing trig. Station building observation towers and masts, signals, and
monumentation. Angular Observation methods. Number of aeros (sets).Eccentric stations and
signals. Corrections of eccentric stations and signals. Corrections of eccentricity.
Base Measurement and Extension Invar tapes. Accurate base-measurement.
Precise Traversing
Combination with third order triangulation/trilateration. Angular and distance measurements.
Estimate of errors in traversing Restrictions.
Computations on the ellipsoid
Clarkes’ formulae
Computation of rectangular co-ordinates
Corrections to measured directions and distances in the Transverse Macerator Projection
Precise Levelling
Instruments. Optical micrometer. Calibration of precise levelling staff. Field works. Motorized
levelling.
Introduction to satellite geodesy
Orbital theory, signal structure, data processing and positioning techniques. GPS, GLONASS, and
GALILEO -GNSS.
Theory of Errors and Network Adjustment
Definitions, Types of errors, Network adjustment by elements, network adjustment by conditions,
weights, residuals, normal equations, error ellipses.
Field astronomy -historical perspective
The celestial sphere, coordinate systems: equatorial and horizon systems. Concepts of siderial and
mean time. The star almanac, the nautical almanac. Determination of azimuth. Observation
techniques. Roelof’s solar prism, astrolabe attachment. Computation of azimuths. Hour angle and
altitude methods. Astronomical determination of latitude and longitude. Bearing correction in the
Transverse Macerator projection. Accuracy.

Pre-requites
MAT 3110, GEE 3711

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

112
Prescribed Books(s)
1. Torge W. (2001) Geodesy. 3rd Ed. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN: 3110170728, 978-3110170726
2. BomfordG. (2012) Geodesy. Clarendon Press, Oxford
3. Survey Control Manual. (1986) Zambia Survey Department
4. Nsombo P. (2010) Ellipsoidal Geodesy. (Lecture Notes)

Recommended Reading(s)
1. Hofmann-Wellenholf B. et al. (2004) GPS, Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag
Mackie, New York. ISBN: 0387824774, 978-0387824772
2. Sir Joseph N. L. (2008) Elements of Astronomy Survey, Hard Press. ISBN: 1406963216,
978-1406963212
3. Vanicek P., KrakiwskyE. (1987) Geodesy: The Concepts. 2ndedition. Elsevier Science.
ISBN: 0444877770, 978-0444877772

COURSE CODE: GEE 4712

COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING SURVEYING

Rationale
The review of this course has been necessitated by the amount of overlap that existed between
GEO 3711, GEO 4712 and GEO 5711. The removal of the overlaps has necessitated the phasing
out of GEO 5711 whose material has been incorporated into this course GEO 4712. This has left
space in 5th year for a new course.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to understand and execute engineering surveys as
applied in different engineering undertakings and projects

Course Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Evaluate the equipment and techniques employed in mine and tunnel orientation of
underground surveys
2. Explain setting out surveys as applied in engineering works
3. Execute deformation surveys
4. Explain how to correctly position Engineering structures (roads, building, etc.)
5. Explain how to correctly auto collimate heavy machinery by methods of surveying
6. Execute area and volume determination surveys
7. Apply techniques in determining earth volumes and hence the cost of earth works
8. Execute simple hydrographical surveys

Course Content
Setting out
Definition, Preliminaries to setting out, methods of horizontal and vertical control establishment,
types of instruments, use of laser equipment, setting out of pipelines, buildings, controlling
verticality in multi-storey structures,
Construction surveys

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Route Surveys, centreline control. Bridge surveys. Dam Surveys, canals, sewer lines, etc.
Deformation Monitoring; Subsidence and ground movement measurements, networks for
deformation monitoring; absolute & relative networks, Analysis of monitoring networks
Curve ranging
Circular curves, types, length of curves, design of curves, methods of curve setting out in the field.
Transition curves, design concepts; radial force, design speed, super elevation, curve length.
Composite curves, design methods for composite curves, Vertical curves; gradients, types,
functions of vertical curves, equations and assumptions, sight distances
Mine surveying
Introduction, mining terminology. Shaft plumbing, mine orientation surveys, use of laser
equipment and gyroscope, error analysis in open-end traverses. Underground surveying
techniques. Interpretation of mine plans, location of exploration holes, control lines, grade lines
and side grades. Stockpile measurements.
Optical tooling
Autocollimation, autocollimation mirrors and prisms, application of autocollimation,
Areas and Volumes
Plan areas, cross-sectional areas and volumes. Formation levels. Mass haul diagrams, properties
of mass haul curve, economics of MHD, and applications of MHD.
Introduction to Hydrographic Surveying
Tidal theory and nomenclature, datum lines, Techniques of fixing points afloat, Echo Sounding,
sampling, sweeping.

Pre-requisites
GEE 3622, GEE 3711, CEE 3651

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Uren J. and Price W. F. (2010) Surveying for Engineers. 5th edition. Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN: 230221572, 978-0230221574
2. Schofield W. (2007) Engineering Surveying, 6th Ed. Butterworths-Heinman. ISBN:
0750669497, 978-0750669498

Recommended Reading(s)
1. Davis E. R. (1997) Surveying. Theory and Practice, 7th ed. McGraw Hill, ISBN:
0070159149, 978-0070159143
2. Kennie T.J.M., Petrie G. (1993) Engineering Surveying Technology, CRC Press. ISBN:
0751401935, 978-0751401936.

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FIFTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: GEE 5411

COURSE TITLE: GEODESY II

Rationale
This course has generally remained the same except for a few topics that have been removed as
they are given in the fourth year course GEO 4411. Instead of emphasis on GPS, we now generalize
the satellite geodesy discussion to GNSS, however, new ideas on GPS modernization have been
added. The fundamental ideas in physical geodesy have been maintained.

Aim
This course gives students an advanced understanding of the concepts of geodesy

Course objectives
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Explain in depth the concepts geodesy both theoretically and practically.
2. Explain and apply both classical and modern concepts of geodesy
3. Explain and differentiate Satellite and Physical Geodesy
4. Differentiate and apply the concepts of heights
5. Explain the different satellite positioning systems
6. Apply the concepts relative and absolute positioning

Course content
Satellite Geodesy
Satellite orbits. Transformation of coordinates/datum shift question. Ephemerides (A/S;
S/A).Satellite signal structure. Systematic errors: ionospheric, refraction/delays;
tropospheric/multipath. Data processing: Differencing/Linear combinations. Positioning
techniques: point/relative positioning; static kinematic etc. real-time.. Examples of satellite
systems: GPS GLONASS, GNSS and other satellites, VLBI. Applications of satellite positioning.
GPS modernization. Datum transformation models. Standard and Abridged Molodensky formulae
Physical geodesy
Attraction and Potential. Potential of a solid body. Level surfaces and gravity. The geod, Normal
gravity. Anomalous gravity field. Gravity anomaly. Geoidal undulations and deflections of the
vertical. Stokes formula. Gravity and geographical Surveys: gravimetric instruments for absolute
and relative determination. Gravimetric stations.
Heights above sea-level
Orthometric, normal and dynamic height, refraction and diurnal variations. Mean sea level and
tidal theory.

Pre-requisite
GEE 4411, GEE 4122

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week

115
 Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Torge W. (2001) Geodesy. 3rd Ed. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN: 3110170728, 978-3110170726
2. Hofmann-Wellenholf B. et al. (2004) GPS, Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag
Mackie, New York. ISBN: 0387824774, 978-0387824772
3. Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Moritz H. (2006) Physical Geodesy. 2nd Corrected ed. Springer.
ISBN:3211335447, 978-3211335444

Recommended Reading(s)
1. Seeber, G. (2003) Satellite Geodesy. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN-10:3110175495
2. Leick, A. (2003) GPS Satellite Surveying. 3rd Ed. John Wiley& Sons. ISBN: 0471059307

COURSE CODE: GEE 5812

COURSE TITLE: INTEGRATED MAPPING

Rationale
The course integrates all the theoretical principles and technologies the student has encountered in
the Geomatic engineering degree program. Therefore, the emphasis of this course is on practical
work by way of applying the principles and technologies. Coursework is highly dependent on
input from preceding courses; therefore, most course topics are not covered in greater detail but
more as an overview. In short, this is a mini project undertaken by the whole class.

Course Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course students are expected to be able to:
1. Appreciate the integration of surveying (total stations, GPS), Satellite Remote Sensing,
Photogrammetry, Cartography, and GIS.
2. Design a mapping project based on all the major components of mapping.
3. Execute a mapping project based on all the major components of mapping.
4. Analyze and manipulate field data to be used in a mapping project
5. Produce a map digital and or hard copy in conformity with the mapping standards

Course content
Definition of Case study
Identification of problems involved in case study. Selection of project area. Definition of input and
output data.
Various Techniques for Digital Geo-data Acquisition.
Database Creation
Quality Aspects of Spatial Data

116
Database Management
Visualization and Presentation of Data

Pre-requisite
All 4th Year courses

Time Allocation
Field work/Lectures: Every Thursday 08:00-17.00hrs

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Bi-weekly individual presentations 25%
Term test 20%
Final Exam Oral 25%
Final written report 30%

Prescribed Books
1. Kennie T. J. M. and Petrie. G., (1998) Engineering Surveying Technology, CRC Press,
ISBN: 0751401935, 978-0751401936,
2. Mather P. M., (2004) Computer Processing of Remotely Sensed Images, Wiley. 3rd Ed. 2004.
ISBN-10: 0470849193
3. Wolf Paul R, DeWitt Bon A. (2000) Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS.
McGraw-Hill. 3rd ed. ISBN-10: 0072924543

Recommended Reading (s)

1. Jones C. (2009) GIS and Computer Cartography, Prentice Hall, 2nd Ed. ISBN:0130895997
2. Hofmann-Wellenhof et al. (2004) GPS - Theory and Practice. Springer –Verlag 4th Ed.,
ISBN -10: 3211835342
3. Anderson, J.M, Mikhail,E. (1997) Surveying: Theory and Practice. McGraw-Hill. 7th Ed.
ISBN-10: 0070159149

COURSE CODE: GEE 5610

COURSE TITLE: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Rationale
The course has been so designed to equip the students with the necessary knowledge to design a
geographic system while taking cognisance of the existing legislation and issues of intellectual
property which were previously not adequately catered for and also to give the students a firm
understanding of creating and managing databases as well as giving them the knowledge to ensure
provision of quality data and easier access of the data by various users.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to understand, analyse and design a geographic
Information system and a geographic database

117
Course Objectives
At the end of the course the student will be able to
1. Analyse and conceptualise a geographic information system while taking into account
existing legislation.
2. Design and implement a geographic information system while taking into account existing
legislation.
3. Create and model a geographic databases while taking data quality and user access into
account
4. Create a geographic databases that have inbuilt quality assurance measures and easier access
to the users.

Course content
Systems Design
Definitions and concepts; system analysis; system conceptual, logical and physical design;
modelling language; system implementation, Institutional and organisational, Political and Legal,
Technical, Cultural and Socio-Economic Issues
Geographic Information Legislation
Definitions and concepts; intellectual property (copyrights, patents, trademarks and licensing);
data access and distribution, data ownership, liabilities; privacy; pricing, security, Zambian
legislation and policy
Geographic Databases
Definitions and concepts; data models (relational, network and object-orientated data models);
geographic database creation; geographic database management; distributed and centralised
databases; database manipulation languages, SDI.
Data Quality and Access
Definitions and concepts; data quality; metadata; clearing houses and data warehouses; data users
and producers networks; internet and internet mapping

Pre-requisites
GEO 4122, GEO 4622

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Bennet S., McRobb S. and Farmer R. (2005) Object-oriented Systems Analysis and Design
using UML. McGraw-Hill Education. ISNB 0077110005, 9780077110000
2. Rigaux P., Scholl M.O. and VoisardA. (2002)Spatial Databases: With Application to GIS,

118
 Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1558605886, 9781558605886

Recommended Reading(s)
1. Dennis A. and Wixon B.H.(2005) Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0: An
Object-Oriented Approach. John Wiley& Sons. ISBN 0471348066, 9780471348061
2. Korte G. (2001) The GIS Book: How to Implement, Manage and Assess the Value of
Geographic Information Systems. Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 0766828204,
9780766828209

COURSE CODE: GEE 4812

COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF GEOMATICS

Rationale
Different professionals at one time or the other need the services of a Geomatic Engineer. They
require comprehension of the principles of Geomatics in their day to day activities. The course
introduces the basic concepts of Geomatics to the students in fields listed in “target group”.

Aim
This course gives students an opportunity to non Geomatic Engineering students to learn,
understand and apply different instrumentation and techniques in data acquisition and processing
and application of such data

Course Objectives
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Apply these concepts in their professions when the need arises;
2. Differentiate the basic surveying equipment for the different data capturing requirements
3. Explain the different data acquisition and processing techniques
4. Apply the different positioning techniques in surveying
5. Apply the different data acquisition and processing techniques
6. Execute a simple analysis of the data captured in the field
7. Explain and apply the concepts of Photogrammetry Or GIS Or Remote sensing

Course Content
Basic concepts
Introduction, basic definitions, the different fields of study in Geomatic Engineering. Types of
surveys, principles, co-ordinate systems (including WGS84), angular systems, Error types.
Angular Measurements
Concepts, angle measuring instruments, error sources, checking, temporary adjustment.
Observation procedures, booking and calculation. Uses of angles.
Compass and GPS surveying
Azimuths, declination compass traversing, local attraction. Graphical adjustment of a traverse.
Handheld GPS.
Point determination
Single point determination, Multiple point determination, triangulation, trilateration, traversing.
Tacheometry, polar radiation, instrument types, free set up, plotting.
Linear Measurements

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Tape and optical square, optical distance measurement, Electronic distance measurement.
Levelling
Concepts and applications. Types of levelling surveys. Types of instruments (including digital
levels). Error sources, corrections, checking and adjustment. Examples of applications of levelling.
Field procedures. Areas and volumes. Computation from plans, co-ordinates, measurement.
Intersections, gradients, intervisibility.

Options (Any one of the three)

Civil & Agricultural Engineering Mining Engineering
1. Introduction to GIS
2. Photogrammetry
3. Remote Sensing

Pre-requisite
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Book(s)
1. Bannister A., Raymond S. and Raymond B. (1998) Surveying. 7thedition, Prentice Hall.
ISBN 0582302498 978-0582302495
2. Campbell J. B. (2006) Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guildford Press, ISBN 159385319X,
9781593853198
3. 2. Wolf P.R. (2000) Elements of Photogrammetry, 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill, USA ISBN:
0072924543; 978-0072924541
4. Longley P.A. et al, (2006) Geographic Information Systems and Science, John Wiley &
Sons. ISBN 0470870028, 9780470870020

Recommended Reading (s)

1. Schofield W. (2007) Engineering Surveying 6th Ed. Butterworths-Heinman. ISBN:
0750669497, 978-0750669498
2. Bujakiewicz A. (1994), Lecture Notes - Photogrammetry I, UNZA/TUDelft.

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSES

COURSE DETAILS

SECOND YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: ENG 2109

COURSE TITLE: MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

Course Rationale
The rationale of the course is to provide Mechanical Engineering students the first level
introduction to principles of production engineering and basic principles of electricity and
electronics, thus giving the students an essential foundation for the production engineering
specialization courses that spread over a period of three years within the BEng Mechanical
Engineering programme. The course also introduces hands on practical experience for mechanical
and electrical workshop processes.

Course Objective
The course objective is to impart workshop based knowledge to students and introduce practical
workshop skills such that upon successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Describe workshop processes for metal and wood cutting and related machine tool kinematic
designs;
2. Conduct precision measurements associated with machined products;
3. Operate basic machine tools and electrical workshop appliances;
4. Manufacture metal and wood products using the various workshop machine tools and casting
facilities;
5. Describe safety procedures and standards applicable to mechanical and electrical workshops.

Course Content
A. Mechanical Workshop Technology
i) Workshop and Industrial safety
Introduction to workshop safety. Factory Act and safety.
ii) Materials used in workshops
Common materials used in the workshop: steel, aluminium, copper and some alloys.
iii) Workshop secondary processes
Introduction to various workshop secondary processes: metal cutting – turning,
shaping, milling, drilling, reaming, boring, broaching, grinding, shearing, blanking.
iv) Workshop primary processes
Introduction to casting, metal forming – forging, rolling, drawing, extrusion, bending
v) Welding
Introduction to metal joining: arc welding, oxy-acetylene gas welding, resistance
welding, spot welding, brazing, soldering.
vi) Engineering metrology
Introduction to mechanical measurements, micrometer, vernier caliper, gauges, linear
and angular measurements.
vii) Production process planning
Manufacturing process planning; selection and sequence of operations; case study

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 involving manufacture of a multi-component product.
viii) Production costing
Introduction to costing of manufactured products.
ix) Manufacturing project
Production practical leading to the manufacture of a product by students.

B. Electrical Workshop Technology

i) Workshop, industrial and home safety
Safety of people and protection of equipment, codes of practice, wiring regulations,
cable sizes and types, earthing, shock, typical domestic and industrial installations.
ii) Basic electrical components
Introduction to basic electrical components, their types, ratings and restrictions;
resistors (carbon, wire wound, liquid), inductors (self, mutual, cores, losses),
capacitors (electrolytic, paper-tantalum). Fuses, miniature circuit breakers. Heat
dissipation, screening, layout of components. Connections: temporary (plugs and
sockets), permanent (bolted, soldered, cable jointing).
iii) Electrical workshop practice
Workshop practice will include: use of tools, light and heavy soldering, brazing, silver
soldering, mounting a wide range of components, stripping and splicing cables, coaxial
and multi-core cables. Correct usage, calibration and care of electrical test equipment.

Number of Lectures
Twenty six (26) lectures . Two lectures per week each lasting 2 hours.

Number of Laboratories/Tutorials
Twelve (12) workshop practicals leading to the manufacture of a multi-processed product . Up to
six (6) assignments are to be given to students.

List of Practical Exercises:

A. Mechanical Workshop Technology
Essential Laboratories:
i) Casting practical
ii) Machining practicals
iii) Welding practical
B. Electrical Workshop Technology
i) Electrical workshop practicals (up to 3)

Pre-Requisite Courses
None

Co-requisite Course(s)
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 2 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 1.5 hours/week

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Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
A. Mechanical Workshop Technology
1. Chapman W. A. J., (1972), Workshop Technology Part 1, 5th Edition, Arnold, ISBN 0
7131 3287 6
2. Chapman W. A. J., (1972), Workshop Technology Part 2, 5th Edition, Arnold, ISBN 0
7131 3287 6
3. K. C. John., (2010), Mechanical Workshop Practice., ISBN-13:978- 8120341661

B. Principles of Electricity and Electronics II

1. Ian McKenzie Smith, John Hiley and Keith Brown,(2005) Hughes Electrical and
Electronic/ Edward Hughes.- 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13–114397-2
2. Allan R. Hambley: (2008), Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications:
International Edition, 4/E, Prentice Hall,ISBN-10 0132066920

Recommended Readings
A. Mechanical Workshop Technology
1. Black S.C., Chiles V., Lissaman A.J. and Martin J.J., (1996), Principles of Engineering
Manufacture, 3rd Ed., Arnold, ISBN - 0-340-63195-3.
2. Kalpakjian S., (1995), Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Ed., Addison-
Wesley, ISBN - 0-201-84552-0

COURSE CODE: MEC 2009

COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING DRAWING

Rationale
In a field that requires highly developed visualization skills, this engineering drawing training -
the first of a two part series (MEC 2009 and MEC 3001), greatly reduces the learning curve by
beginning to bridge the gap between theoretical and applied learning. Students entering the School
of Engineering will be provided with a firm understanding of 2 dimensional engineering drawing.
The fundamental principles of orthographic projection, as well as the topics of dimensioning
techniques, sectional views, auxiliary views, descriptive geometry, and assembly drawings will be
covered.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the end of the course, students will develop knowledge, understanding and
skills to:
1. Sketch and accurately draw shapes and machine component to communicate information to
specific audiences

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2. Interpret, and evaluate a variety of graphical presentations using a range of manual drawing
techniques which include sectional and assembly drawings.
3. Produce a variety of graphical presentations using a range of manual drawing techniques
which include sectional and assembly drawings

Course Contents
Introduction:
Use of drawing instruments and lettering techniques, Drawing standards and conventions: scale
lay-out selection of views, abbreviations and symbols used in engineering drawing, title block
information.
Projection Methods:
Basic projection principles: isometric projection, first and third angle orthographic projections.
Engineering Graphics:
Representation of solids, conic sections, problems in loci, cycloid and epi- and hypo-cycloids,
helix involute, Archimedean spiral. Intersection of regular solids, development of geometrical
surface of solids, orthographic projection of lines, traces, oblique plane auxiliary projections.
Machine Drawing:
Dimensioning techniques, conventional dimensioning practices, basic rules for dimensioning for
production, dimensioning terminology, ISO conventions for dimensioning. Sectional views:
purpose of sectional views, cutting plane lines and identification letters, different types of sections
i.e. full section, half section, auxiliary sections, section in thin materials, ISO conventions in
sectioning. Elementary assembly drawing: lay-out of assembly drawing, parts identification and
parts list, parts drawing, assembly of standard parts.
Sketching Techniques:
Free hand sketching, pictorial sketching, sketching in orthographic projection, sketching as an aid
to design.
Electrical and electronics drawing syllabus.

Pre-requisites
None

Co-requisite Course
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 2 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 1.5 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Simmon C.H., Maguire D.E., (2004), Manual of Engineering Drawing to British and

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 International Standard, Elsevier Newnes 2nd Edition, ISBN 0 7506 5120
2. Morling K., 1977, Geometrical and Engineering Drawing SI Units, Edward Arnold, London,
ISBN ISBN 0-471-61718-0
3. Handout for Engineering Drawing, UNZA.
4. Ken Morling., (2012),Geometric and Engineering Drawing. ISBN-978-0-415-53619-6

COURSE CODE: MEC 2309

COURSE TITLE: PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS I

Course Rationale
Mechanical engineering involves the selection and use of materials in design, maintenance and
modifications. In all these aspects, engineers find themselves faced with the task of selection
materials suitable for each application in order to achieve optimum results. This course is intended
to introduce undergraduate engineering students to the properties of engineering materials at this
early stage in their programme. It is an introduction and a preparation for the more advanced course
in the same subject later in the programme.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Explain the atomic structure of engineering materials
2. State the properties of the various engineering materials.
3. Explain the phase transformations of metals
4. Discuss the heat treatment of steel
5. Explain how properties of materials can be used to select materials for specific applications
in engineering design.

Course Content
Atomic theory of materials:
Structure of Materials, Types of bonding, atomic structure, crystal structures, amorphous
structures.
Bond theory of solids:
Types of bonding in solids, metallic conductors, insulators and semi-conductors, dielectrics
permittivity, breakdown, covalent bond model of a semi-conductor p-n junction, transistor and the
field effect transistor.
Electrical properties of materials:
Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity and conductivity, magnetic properties of materials,
hysteresis, permeability.
Mechanical properties of materials:
Strength, hardness, toughness, ductility, resilience, stress-strain diagrams, tensile test hardness test
behaviour of materials in service fracture, fatigue, creep.
Phase diagrams:
Phase metallic alloy systems, total solid solubility, partial solid solubility iron-carbon system,
peritectic diagrams, intermetallic compounds, effect of alloying elements on properties, allotropy.
Phase Transformations in Metals:
Important Concepts and Definitions (Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems, Phase Boundary,
Equilibrium of Phases), Thermodynamics of Phase Stability and Phase Transitions,

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Thermodynamics versus Kinetics, Microstructure versus Macrostructure, Classification of Phase
Transformations, The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) Equation, Non-Equilibrium Transformations
and Microstructures in Steel, Construction of Time-Temperature Transformation (TTT) Diagrams.
Heat treatment of steel:
Iron and steel production, structure of plain carbon steels-eutectoid, hypo eutectoid, hypereutectoid
steels, annealing normalizing, hardening, tempering case hardening, flame hardening, induction
hardening weldability of steels.
Non-ferrous metals:
Copper and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, tin and its alloys, nickel, etc.
Polymers:
Polymeric reactions, classification of polymers, thermoplastic polymers, thermo setting polymers,
plasticisation, rubbers.
Ceramics glasses and composites:
Structure of Ceramics, properties of ceramics; structure of glasses, properties of glasses; structure
of composites, properties of composites.
Environmental effects:
Corrosion of metals, forms of corrosion.

Pre-requisite Courses
None

Co-requisite Courses
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 2 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 1.5 hours/week
Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Ashby, M. S., (2005), Engineering Materials 1: An Introduction to Properties, Applications
and Design: Vol. 1, Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0750663804
2. William D. Callister Jr. ,David G. Rethwisch., 2010,Materials Science and Engineering: An
Introduction ISBN-0470419970

Recommended Readings
1. Ashby M. S., 2005, Engineering Materials 2: An Introduction to Microstructures Processing
Design, Vol. 2, Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 0750663812.
2. Callister, William D., Jr., 2006,Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Wiley
& Sons, ISBN 0471736961.

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THIRD YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: MEC 3001

COURSE TITLE: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING

Course Rationale
The mechanical engineering curriculum offers two courses in engineering drawing at second year
level (MEC 2009 and MEC 3001). MEC 2009 introduces students to 2D drawing fundamentals,
sketching, geometric construction, and drawing layout using a manual drawing approach. It is a
known fact that computer technology has enabled industry to predominantly produce drawings
using CAD systems. Therefore, besides students understanding the basic 2D drawing
fundamentals, they must also gain a basic understanding of 2D drafting and drawings using
AutoCAD. Consequently, MEC 3001 is designed to have increased emphasis on the application
of CAD systems. MEC 3001 will thus introduce students to mechanical drafting, including
application of dimensioning techniques, assembly and detail drawings, and common threads and
fasteners, and will provide the training to apply these applications using AutoCAD.

Course Objective
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Explain and apply dimensional tolerancing, positional and form tolerancing symbols.
2. Draw sectional and detailed working drawings.
3. Identify and draw common threads and fasteners.
4. Use computer assisted drafting to produce drawings and models.

Course Content
Dimensioning for Manufacture:
Tolerances, general tolerances, ISO limits, ISO fits, geometric tolerances, ISO standards for
geometric tolerances. Machining symbols, surface roughness. Interaction between general
tolerances, geometric tolerances and surface roughness.
Threads and Fasteners:
Standards for screw thread (metric, unified, power screws), Screw thread types: (V-, square,
trapezium, knuckle and buttress), threaded fasteners, nut, bolt, studs, washers, locking devices.
Engineering fasteners: rivets and riveted joints, keys, key ways and splines, and tapers.
Computer Aided Drafting:
Introduction to AutoCAD 2D, Drawing fundamentals, View commands, Modify commands,
Object properties and blocks, Text and dimensions, Drawing layout and plotting, Creating
wireframe, surfaced and solid 3D models.

Number of Lectures
13 two hours lectures

List of suggested laboratory exercises

This is a drawing course, therefore students will be doing drawing exercises every week. The
drawings will cover the following topics:
• Sections drawings

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• Assembly drawings
• Tolerances and Fits
• Bolts and Nuts
• AutoCAD Drawings

Pre-requisites
MEC 2009 – Engineering Drawing I

Co-requisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures 2 hours per week
Drawing tutorials/assignments 6 hours per week.

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Simmons C.H., Maguire D.E. (2003), Manual of Engineering Drawing to British and
International Standards, 2nd Edition, Newnes. ISBN: 978-0750651202
2. Handbook for Engineering Drawing, UNZA.
3. Handout on ISO standards: Fasteners and ScrewTthreads, UNZA.
4. AutoCAD training notes. Notes Revised in line with latest AutoCAD version (AutoCAD
releases a new version in April of each year)

Recommended Readings
1. Firth C.B. and Vander Willigen A.W. (1970), Engineering Drawing Technology, McGraw-
Hill. ISBN: 0070942536
2. Mohrling K. (1974), Geometric and Engineering Drawing: in SI Units, 2nd Edition,
Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN: 978-0713133196

COURSE CODE: MEC 3102

COURSE TITLE: PRODUCTION ENGINEERING I AND PRINCIPLES OF
ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS II.

128
Course Rationale
The rationale of the course is to provide Mechanical Engineering students the first level foundation
topics and principles of production engineering and principles of electricity and electronics, thus
giving the students an essential background for the production engineering specialization courses
that spread over a period of three years within the BEng Mechanical Engineering programme.

Course Objective
The course objective is to impart knowledge to students who, upon successful completion of the
course, will exhibit abilities to:
1. Describe theories associated with metal and wood cutting technologies and machine tool
kinematic designs;
2. Determine cutting forces, velocities, energy dissipation and material dynamics and
associated cutting parameters for metal and wood cutting processes;
3. Conduct and analyse precision measurements associated with machine tools;
4. Describe economics of cutting technologies;
5. Describe and analyse the various functions of electrical and electronic systems associated
with machine tool designs and operations.

Course Content
A. Production Engineering I
i) Theory of Metal Cutting.
Analysis of single and multiple point cutting tools; terminology of cutting geometry
and parameters; the cutting process exponential relationships between cutting force
and cutting parameters Mechant's theory of metal cutting forces and power heat
development and temperatures of tool and work piece material tool materials effects
wear phenomena and tool life, exponential Taylor formulas; effects of cutting fluids.
Theory of grinding; the metal removal process composition, characteristics and
specifications of grinding wheels; types of grinding and grinding parameters.
Economics of machining. Theory of cutting applied to timber as an engineering
material. Introduction to timber cutting technologies. Particle board (PB)
manufacturing technologies.
ii) Theory of Machine Tools.
Design and applications of machine tools for the following processes; turning, milling,
shaping, planing, boring, broaching, grinding elements of machine tool design to
include the following: machine super-structures, slide ways, driving units, spindles,
speed change, gear ratios, gear shifting; machine tool accessories; acceptance tests for
machine tools. Introduction to wood cutting machine tool designs.
iii) Engineering Metrology.
Systematic and random errors; accuracy of instruments. Principles of length and angle
measurements length and angle standards calibration systems. Principles of limit
gauging. Metrology of screw threads, surface texture, flatness, gears. Light waves as
standards of length optical-interferometry. Acceptance tests for machine tools.

B. Principles of Electricity and Electronics II

i) Electrical/Mechanical Energy Conversion
Electromagnetism and Machine Principles: Magnetic field concepts; magnetic circuits;
laws of electromagnetism - Faraday’s law and Lorentz’s law, hysteresis and eddy

129
 currents. Development of magnetomotive force; electromotive force (emf), counter
emf.
Basics of motor and generator: construction and operating principles. Voltage
production and voltage-current characteristics of some D.C. and A.C. generators.
Torque-speed characteristics, motor starters, speed control and power flow diagrams
for shunt, series and compound dc motor. Choice of a motor for load requirements.
Ratings.
Induction Motors: Basic structure. Modeling: equivalent circuit. Torque-speed
characteristics and controls. Single-phase motors.
ii) Electric Power Systems
Energy resources and electric power generation: Energy resources. Conventional
methods of electric energy generation: thermal power plant, hydroelectric power plant,
nuclear power plant. Alternative methods of electric energy generation.
Power system structure & Power system components: Generating system, transmission
system, distribution system, and utilisation. D.C., single-phase A.C., and three-phase
A.C. systems. Star and delta connections. Residential circuits and wiring, safety issues.
Measurement of power in 3-wire and 4-wire three-phase systems.
iii) Logic Circuits
Binary operation, introduction to Boolean algebra, basic logic gates, combinational
circuits, Karnaugh maps, minimisation of Boolean functions.
iv) Review of Measuring Requirements
Both electrical and non-electrical. Transducers. Analogue and digital measuring
instruments and techniques. Moving-coil, moving-iron, and dynamometer-type
instruments .

Number of Lectures
Twenty six (26) lectures . Two lectures per week each lasting 2 hours.

Number of Laboratories/Tutorials
Six (6) laboratories/tutorials .
One Laboratory/Tutorial per every fortnight each lasting 3 hours (Laboratories and Tutorials
alternate).

List of Laboratory Exercises:

A. Production Engineering I
Essential Laboratories:
i) Lathe tool dynamometer cutting forces measurement;
ii) Engineering metrology: diameter, bore, length, angle, thread measurements; Limit
gauging;
iii) Surface texture measurement using Talysurf and Optical Flats;
Demonstration Laboratories:
iv) Acceptance tests for machine tools;
v) Surface flatness measurement.

B. Electrical and Electronic Principles II

i) Single Phase Transformers;
ii) AC and DC Generators,

130
 iii) DC Shunt Motors;
iv) Power measurements in AC circuits;
v) Logic Circuits.

Pre-requisite Courses
ENG 2109, EEE 2019

Co-requisite Course(s)
MAT 3111 Engineering Mathematics II

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
A. Production Engineering I
1. Black S.C., Chiles V., Lissaman A.J. and Martin S.J., (1996), Principles of
Engineering Manufacture, 3rd Ed., Arnold, ISBN – 0 340 63195 3
2. Kalpakjian S., (1995), Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Ed., Addison-
Wesley, ISBN – 0 201 84552 0
3. Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid., (2013)Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
(7th Edition).ISBN - 10: 0133128741

B. Principles of Electricity and Electronics II

1. Ian McKenzie Smith, John Hiley and Keith Brown,(2005) Hughes Electrical and
Electronic/ Edward Hughes.- 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13–114397-2
2. Allan R. Hambley: (2008), Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications:
International Edition, 4/E, Prentice Hall,ISBN-10 0132066920

COURSE CODE: ME 3351

COURSE TITLE: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS I

Course Rationale
Mechanical engineering design, inter alia, involves the use of materials whose sizes and strengths
must be specified. This is done in Strength of Materials. In this introductory course, the student is
introduced to the theory of stress and strain (direct and shear), bending, shearing force and bending
moment, torsion, 3D complex stresses and strain; thin cylinders and spheres, struts and columns,

131
and springs. The course is a build-up on the material covered in the CEE 2219 (Statics and
Introduction to Strength of Materials).

Proposal: This is currently offered in the second semester of the 3rd Year as MEC 3352. However,
due to the proposed re-alignment of the Properties of Engineering Materials courses as MEC 2309
and MEC 4301, it is now proposed that this course be offered in the first semester as MEC 3351
but bearing the same course title.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
(i) Calculate the direct and shear stresses and strain
(ii) Construct the shearing force and bending moment diagrams
(iii) Calculate the deflection of a beam or structure
(iv) Carry out calculations and make specifications for thin cylinders and spheres
(v) Carry out calculations involving columns and struts
(vi) Calculate loads on and deflections of springs

Course Content
Direct Stress:
Load, stress, principle of St. Venant, Normal stress and strain, stress-strain diagrams, Young’s
Modulus of Elasticity, Hooke’s Law; Factor of Safety; Temperature Stresses; Varying cross
section and load, Compound Bars
Shear Stress:
Complementary Stress. Shear strain, Modulus of Rigidity. Cottered Joints and Riveted Joints.
Eccentric Loading
Shear Force and Bending Moment:
Shearing Force and Bending Moment; Types of Loads and Supports, Shear force and Bending
Moment Diagrams. Relationship between w, F and M. Combined Loads. Varying distributed loads
Theory of Bending Stresses:
Pure bending, Moment of inertia, Bending beyond Yield Point, Combined Bending and Direct
Stress, Bending of beams with composite materials. Principal Moments of inertia and
Unsymmetrical bending
Torsion:
Torsion of Circular Shafts of Varying diameter, Compound Shafts. Torsion beyond Yield Point,
Torsion of Thin Tubular Sections, Combined Torsion and Bending.
Three-Dimensional Complex Stress and Strain:
Analysis of Stress and Strain, Principal Planes and stresses, shear strain gauges, Rosettes, Mohr’s
Stress Circle and Mohr’s Strain circle for 45o rosettes. Relationship between materials ELASTIC
CONSTANTS.
Deflection of Straight Beams:
Deflection by calculus, Macaulay’s Method, Moment-Area Method, Method of Deflection
Coefficients, Deflection due to shear, Deflection by graphical method
Shear Stress Distribution In Beams.:
Variation of Shear Stress: Rectangular Section, I-Section, etc., Principal Stresses in Beams of
various sections, Shear Centre
Impact:
Direct stress and deflection of beams.

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Thin Cylinders and Thin Spheres:
Thin cylinders and Thin Spherical Shell under Internal Pressure, Cylindrical Shell with
Hemispherical ends; Volumetric Strain on Capacity. Tube under combined loading, Wire winding
of cylinders, Rotating stresses in thin cylinder.
Springs:
Close-coiled Helical Springs, Open-coiled helical spring, Leaf spring, Flat spiral spring
Struts:
Pin-ended Axially loaded, direction fixed at both ends, partial fixing of the ends direction fixed at
one end and free at the other. Strut with eccentric load, strut with initial curvature, Euler theory,
Rankine Gordon Formula, Johnson’s Parabolic Formula, Struts with lateral loading, struts of
varying cross section – Energy method.

Pre-requisite Courses
CEE 2219

Co-requisite Courses
MAT 2112

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Ryder G. H. (1974), Strength of Materials, 3rd Ed., London: Macmillan
2. Timoshenko S. and Young D.H. (1978), Elements of Strength of Materials, Van Nostrand.
3. Russell C. Hibbeler., (2010), Mechanics of Materials (8th Edition). ISBN:9780133002362
4. Timothy A. Philpot., (2010)Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System. ISBN-
10: 0470565144

Recommended Readings
1. Gere, James M and Timoshenko Stephen P (1984), Mechanics of Strength of Materials, 4 th
Ed. Boston: PWS Publishing Company.
2. Benham, P.P. and Crawford R.J. (1994), Mechanics of Engineering Materials, Longman.
ISBN -10:0582251648
3. Popov E.P. (1978), Mechanics of Materials, Prentice Hall
4. Ferdinand Beer, Jr., E. Russell Johnston, John DeWolf, David Mazurek.,(2011) , Mechanics
of Materials. ISBN -10: 0077430794

COURSE CODE: MEC 3352

133
COURSE TITLE: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS II

Course Rationale
Mechanical engineering design, inter alia, involves the use of materials whose sizes and strengths
must be specified. This is done in Strength of Materials. In this last undergraduate course of
Strength of Materials, the students consolidate their knowledge by covering such topics as theories
of failure, strain energy, more topics in torsion, bending of curved bars and rigid frames, rotating
discs and cylinders, thick cylinders and spheres, thermal stresses, continuous and statically
indeterminate beams, beams on elastic foundations, and stress analysis by numerical methods.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Specify loading of components using theories of failure
2. Carry out calculations involving complex stress systems
3. Determine loading and deflection of curved bars and rigid frames
4. Carry out calculations involving rotating discs and cylinders to real life situations
5. Analyse structures that can be reduced to beams that are continuous, statically indeterminate
and/or rest of elastic foundations
6. Analyse thermal effects of structures
7. Carry out stress analysis using the finite element method

Course Content
Theories of Failure:
Failure theories for Ductile and brittle materials, fatigue strength, the S-N curve, Endurance Limit,
Stress concentration, effects of creep on stress strain relaxation
Strain Energy:
Elastic strain Energy (normal direct and shear stresses), Strain Energy in Bending and Torsion.
Torsion:
Torsion of non-circular beams, thin non-circular solids, closed and open sections, the BREDT-
PATHO Theorem, the MEMBRANE ANALOGY.
Bending of Curved Bars and Rigid Frames:
Stresses in bars of small initial curvature, stresses in bars of large initial curvature, deflection of
curve bars (Direct Method), Portal frames, Castigliano’s Theorem.
Rotating Discs and Cylinders:
Discs of uniform thickness, solid disc with central hole, long cylinders, Disc of uniform strength,
Temperature stresses in uniform discs.
Thick Cylinders:
Lame’s theory for Thick cylinders subjected to pressure compound and wire wound thick
cylinders, shrinkage allowances and stresses.
Thermal Stresses
Built-In and Continuous Beams:
Moment Area Method for built-in beams, Macaulay’s Method, Theorem of Three-Moments.
Statically Indeterminate Beams, Beams on Elastic Foundations and Built-In Beams. And:
Restrained Beams, Propped Cantilever, Theory of Three Moments
Introduction to Stress Analysis by Numerical Methods:
Introduction to FINITE ELEMENT METHODS including APPLICATION SOFTWARE

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Pre-requisite Courses
MEC 3351

Co-requisite Courses
MAT 3112

Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/week
Laboratory/Tutorial 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Ryder G. H. (1974), Strength of Materials, 3rd Ed., London: Macmillan
2. Hearn, E J (1997), Mechanics of Materials 2: The Mechanics of Elastic and Plastic
Deformations of Solids and Structural Materials, 3rd Ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
3. Benham, P.P. and Crawford R.J. (1996), Mechanics of Engineering Materials, Longman.
ISBN:- 0582251648
4. James M. Gere , Barry J. Goodno.,(2012),Mechanics of Materials. ISBN - 10: 1111577730

Recommended Readings
1. Timoshenko S. and Young D.H. (1978), Elements of Strength of Materials Van Nostrand.
2. Benham, P P and Warnock, F V (1981), Mechanics of Solids and Structures (SI Units),
London: Pitman Books Limited.
3. Timoshenko S., (2002),Strength of Materials, Vol. II: Advanced Theory and Problems.
ISBN -ISBN-10: 8123910770

COURSE CODE: MEC 3401

COURSE TITLE: THERMODYNAMICS I

Course Rationale
The rationale of this course is to provide, mechanical engineering students, with the principles and
concepts of Thermodynamics both in static and dynamic conditions required to analyse, design,
and develop systems where fluid is the working medium.

Course Objectives
Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:

135
1. Use control volume analysis to develop basic equations;
2. Use first, second and third laws of Thermodynamics to analyse typical thermodynamic
cycles using working substances in from of liquid and gas/steam;
3. Apply concepts of mass and energy conservation (Continuity and Bernoulli equations) to
solve problems in Themodynamics;
4. Analyse basic combustion systems and appreciate basics of Heat Transfer; and
5. Apply basic knowledge of renewable energy sources.

Course Content
Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics:
Working fluids and Thermodynamic Systems, basic parameters of state and their units of
measurements, equation of state, equation of state for mixture of ideal gases, heat and work,
internal energy, enthalpy, entropy. Basic thermodynamic processes-isochoric, isobaric, isothermal,
adiabatic and polytrophic processes.
Laws of Thermodynamics: Introduction to the Zeroth, First, Second and Third laws of
thermodynamics. The first Law of Law of conservation and conversion of energy, analytical
expression of First Law of Thermal dynamics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and its
applications.
Steam: Liquid-Gas mixtures, Water vapour and steam-fundamentals, steam generation,
parameters of state of steam and basic relationships, the h-s (Mollier diagram) for steam, basic
thermal dynamic processes of water vapour (steam). Flow and throttling of gases and vapours-
flow through nozzles, throttling.
Cycles: Cycles of internal combustion engines, compressors, gas turbines and jet engines, steam
power plants to include pre-heat and regeneration, refrigeration units and heat pumps.
Thermodynamic properties of humid air and psychrometry.
Reacting Mixtures and Combustion: Fuels, combustion process and analyses, heat of formation,
adiabatic combustion temperature, entropy generation in combustion
Introduction to Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation.
Introduction to Renewable Energy Sources: Introduction to energy generated from natural
resources - Solar, Wind, Hydro and Geothermal.

Pre-requisites
None

Co-requisites
MAT 3111: Engineering Mathematics II

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

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Prescribed Readings
1. Joel R., (1987), “Basic Engineering Thermodynamics”, in SI Units, 4th ed, Longman, IBSN:
0-582-41626-4
2. Shavit A. and Gutfinger C., (1995), “Thermodynamics from Concepts to
Applications”,Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0-13-288267-1.
3. Jones J. B. and Dugan R. E., (1996), “Engineering Thermodynamics”, Prentice Hall,ISBN:
0-13-320375-1.
4. Philip S. S., Howell J. R., Ofodike E., Derek K., (2004), “Thermodynamics: An Integrated
Learning System” John Wiley and Sons, Publisher 1st Edition (ISBN- 047114343.
5. Michael J. M., Howard N S., (2003), “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics”, 5th
Ed, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 0471274712.

Recommended Readings
1. Irving K., Robert R., (2000), “Companion to Chemical Thermodynamics: Basic Theory and
Methods” Wiley, ISBN-10: 0471331074 ISBN-13: 978-0471331070
2. Honig J.M., (1999), “Thermodynamics”; [Link]- 10: 0123550459
3. Atkins P.W., (1984),“The Second Law” ; Scientific American Library. ISBN-10:
071675004X

COURSE CODE : MEC 3705

COURSE TITLE : DYNAMICS

Course Rationale
The rationale of this course is to provide, mechanical engineering students, with the principles and
concepts of Dynamics. The course provides detailed analysis of the kinematics, and kinetics of a
particle, system of particles, rigid body, system of rigid bodies, and a continuous deformable
medium. This course enables students to analyse the motion and forces pertaining to engineering
systems and designs and lay a background on Theory of Machines.

Course Objective
Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Describe the basic concepts in dynamics;
2. Describe different coordinate systems used in solving dynamics problems involving
different types of motion;
3. Apply Equation of motion for a particle, the work-energy relation of a particle, linear
impulse-momentum relation of a particle, and angular impulse-momentum of a particle to
solve dynamics problems;
4. Apply velocity and acceleration diagrams, Coriolis acceleration diagrams, and the concept
of instantaneous centre, to analyze and solve dynamics problems;
5. Balance machines, including the gyroscopic effect on rotating mechanisms;
6. Determine elements of vibrating systems and solve single degree of freedom problems in
linear and angular vibrations.
7. Analyse and solve problems regarding Theory of Machines

Course Content

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Introduction: Basic Concepts, description of problems in dynamics.
Dynamics of Particles in a plane: Rectilinear translation: Kinematics of, motion due to a constant
force, force as a function of time, D’Alembert’s principle, momentum and impulse, work and
energy, ideal systems, conservation of energy, impact. Curvilinear translation: kinematics of,
differential equations of , projectile motion, D’Alembert principle, moment of momentum,
flywheel, governor.
Dynamics of Rigid Bodies in a Plane: Rectilinear and curvilinear translation, velocity and
acceleration diagrams, instantaneous centre, Coriolis acceleration diagrams, linkages, gear trains,
cams, mass moment of inertia, inertia effects in mechanisms and rotating machinery, work and
energy, D’Alembert’s principle, virtual work, impulse and momentum, flywheel, governor.
Dynamics of Bodies in Three Dimensions: Mechanism (examples), linkages, balancing of
machines: rotating and reciprocating masses, primary and secondary balance; gyroscope,
governor.
Introduction to Theory of Machines: Mechanisms: Velocity, Acceleration and Inertia Forces.
Flywheel,, Linkages, Gear trains, Cams, Flywheel, Gyroscopes, Governors.

Pre-requisites
MAT 2110: Engineering Mathematics I

Co-requisites
MAT 3111: Engineering Mathematics II

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%
Prescribed Books
1. Meriam J.L. and Kraige L.G (2008), “Engineering Mechanics Vol 2, Dynamics” 6th edition,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York; ISBN-10: 0471787035, ISBN-13: 978-0471787037
2. Hannah J and Stephens RC (1987), “Mechanics of Machines, Advanced Theory and
Examples” [Link] edition, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd; ISBN-10: 071313254X , ISBN-13:
978-0713132540
3. Russell C. Hibbeler., (2012),Engineering Mechanics: Statics & Dynamics (13th Edition).
ISBN-10: 0132915545

Recommended Readings
1. McGill D J and King W W, “Engineering Mechanics – An Introduction to Dynamics”,(2008)
4th Edition, Tichenor Publishing; ISBN: 0-534-91786-0; ISBN-10: 0742134938
2. Marion J.B. and Thornton S.T.,“Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems”, (2003) 5th
edition, Brooks/Cole, ISBN-10: 0534408966 ISBN-13: 978-0534408961.

138
FOURTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: MEC 4055

COURSE TITLE: MACHINE DESIGN I

Course Rationale
Typical engineering systems are described by very large numbers of variables, and it is the
designer's task to specify appropriate values for these variables. Skilled designers utilize their
knowledge, experience, and judgment to specify these variables and design effective engineering
systems. Because of the size and complexity of the typical design task, however, even the most
skilled designers are unable to take into account all of the variables simultaneously. Design
optimization is the application of numerical algorithms and techniques to engineering systems to
assist the designers in improving the system's performance, weight, reliability, and/or cost.
Therefore, machine design course is being refocused to also have an emphasis on product design
optimisation using computer-aided engineering (CAE) softwares like ANSYS and COSMOS
Works.

Although at this stage of studies, student will cover the design of various machine elements, the
proposed course coverage will provide training which will also include the use of Computer-Aided
Engineering for product design optimisation. Computer-based optimisation proceduresare
important for optimising technical systems to meet complex sets of objectives and constraints.

Course Objective
It is expected that at the end of the course, students will develop knowledge, understanding and
skills to:
1. Demonstrate how engineering design uses the many principles learned in previous
engineering science courses in the design of machine elements to show how these principles
are practically applied.
2. Use computer-aided engineering to design optimised machine component.
3. Design Machine Elements

Course Content
The Design Process:
Establishment of need, goal recognition, task specification, conceptual design, feasibility check,
solution specification.
General Design Consideration:
Function, conditions of service, available materials, manufacturing method, cost, the market
place, safety, reliability, ease of production and maintenance, etc. Project contracting,
professional report writing, systems engineering methodology for the development of complex
products.
Machine Element Design:
Screws, fasteners and connectors, shafts, couplings, clutches, brakes, springs, belt and chain
drives, design for welding, design of weldments, and bearing design.
Introduction to Engineering Fracture Mechanics:
Stress analysis factor K, Paris equation, COD, J Integral, EPFM and applications.
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE):

139
Use finite element method in mechanical component design optimisation using ANSYS and
COSMOS Works software.

Pre-requisites
MEC 3352

Co-requisite
None

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Matousek R., (Edited by Johnson D.C.), (2007), Engineering Design, A Systematic
Approach, Springer, London, ISBN -92 4 154618 2.
2. Richard Budynas, Keith Nisbett., (2010) Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design
(McGraw-Hill Series in Mechanical Engineering). ISBN - 10: 0073529281, ISBN-13: 978-
0073529288
3. Pahl, G., and Beitz, W., (1996),Engineering design: A systematic approach, Springer-
Verlag, London, ISBN 3-540-19917-9

COURSE CODE: MEC 4105

COURSE TITLE: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY II

Course Rationale
This course introduces students to further conventional manufacturing processes, building on the
processes covered in MEC 3102. The course will expose students to metal casting, metal forming,
plastic products forming, and metal joining.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Identify different casting processes and typical casting defects.
2. Design a sound casting by proper design of feeders and gating systems using heat transfer

140
 and fluid flow laws
3. Differentiate between bulk metal forming and sheet metal forming
4. Determine forming loads and power using ideal work and stress balance methods,
5. Analyse polymer material flow in extrusion and injection moulding
6. Identify different plastic product forming processes
7. Describe different metal joining methods.

Course Content
Metal Casting:
Fundamentals of metal casting: metal flow in a mould, metal solidification in a conducting and
non-conducting mould, Chvorinov’s Rule, feeder design criterion. Casting using expendable
moulds and permanent pattern techniques (green sand). Casting using expendable mould and
pattern techniques (investment casting). Casting using permanent mould techniques (gravity die
casting). Design and economic aspects of casting
Production of Plastic Products:
Introduction to polymers and their classification. Extrusion and injection moulding analysis.
Production of plastic products: Extrusion, Injection moulding, Transfer moulding. Product design,
cost considerations.
Theory of Metal Forming:
Introduction to engineering plasticity. Work hardening. Formability in bulk forming and sheet
bending. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of forging, extrusion, drawing, rolling, shearing and
bending. Load and power determination using ideal work and slab analysis methods
Theory of Metal Joining:
Arc welding including TIG and MIG welding, gas fusion welding, brazing, hard and soft soldering
with special emphasis on the following aspects: analysis of various joining processes, suitable
material combinations, selection of parameters like temperature, voltage and current, etc.
atmospheric and surface conditions, the use of flux, applications.

Pre-requisites
MEC 3102 – Production Technology I and Principles of Electricity and Electronics

Co-requisites
MEC 4601 – Fluid Mechanics II

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books

141
1. Campbell J. (2003), Castings: New Metallurgy of Cast Metals, 2nd Edition, Butterworth-
Heinemann. ISBN: 078-0750647908
2. Crawford R.J. (1998), Plastics Engineering, 3rd Edition, Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN:
978-0750637640
3. Dieter G.E. (1988), Mechanical Metallurgy, SI Metric Edition, McGraw Hill. ISBN: 978-
0071004060
4. Black S.C., Chiles V., Lissaman A.J. and Martin S.J. (1996), Principles of Engineering
Manufacture, 3rd Edition, Arnold. ISBN: 0-470-23558-6
5. Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid., ( 2013) ,Manufacturing Engineering & Technology (7th
Edition). ISBN -ISBN-10: 0133128741 ISBN-13: 978-0133128741

Recommended Readings
1. Radford J.D. and Richardson D.B. (1983), Production Engineering Technology, 3rd Edition,
Macmillan. ISBN: 0-333-29398-3
2. Rowe G.W. (1977), Principles of Industrial Metalworking Processes, Arnold. ISBN: 0-
7131-3381-3
3. Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid., (Apr 6, 2009),Manufacturing Engineering &
Technology (6th Edition). ISBN 10: 0136081681/ ISBN 13: 9780136081685

COURSE CODE: MEC 4301

COURSE TITLE: PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS II

Course Rationale
At this level in their study, students have covered one course in Properties of Engineering Materials
at second year. The second year course is an introduction to the subject and is not very detailed;
therefore this second course is required at this senior level to enable the students gain a deeper
appreciation of the relevance of the properties of engineering materials in engineering design and
applications.

Proposal: This course was at 4th level as MEC 452 before the last curriculum review. However, at
the last curriculum review it was moved to 3rd year as ME 331 (Re-coded MEC 3301). This has
had the negative effect that by the time students reach their 5th year, they have forgotten most what
they learnt in this very important area of engineering. The proposal in this review is that the course
be brought back to 4th year. But since in the first semester there is a materials course, Strength of
Materials II (MEC 4351), this course should be offered in the first semester as MEC 4301. The
current MEC 4351 (Strength of Materials II should be moved to Third Year, Semester II as MEC
3352. The current MEC 3352 (Strength of Materials I) should move into the First Semester as ME
3351.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Explain the crystal structure of engineering materials
2. Explain the phase transformations of metals
3. Discuss the strengthening mechanisms of metals
4. Explain the phenomena of fatigue and creep
5. Discuss the structure and properties of non-metallic materials

142
6. Perform various tests on materials
7. Explain how properties of materials can be used to select materials for specific applications
in engineering design

Course Content
Crystal structure of materials:
Crystal classes, Miller Notation, metallic crystals, measurement in crystals, defects in crystals
lattices, defects in crystal lattices, diffusion.
Deformation of metals:
Dislocation theory, deformation by slip, deformation by twinning.
Strengthening mechanisms in metals:
Strengthening by grain size reduction, solid-solution, solid-solution strengthening, strain
hardening, work hardening,
Aspects of metallurgical fracture mechanics:
Theoretical cohesive strength of metal types of fracture, Griffith’s theory of brittle fracture, ductile
fracture, principles of fracture mechanics.
Fatigue:
Cyclic stresses, the S-N curve, crack initiation and propagation and fracture; crack propagation
rate, factors that affect fatigue life.
Creep:
The creep curve, structural changes during creep, creep at lower temperature, creep at higher
temperature, high temperature alloys, fracture at high temperature, presentation of engineering
creep data.
Mechanical properties of polymers:
Deformation of polymers, time dependent mechanical behaviour, visco-elastic behaviour,
deformation of elastomers, fracture of polymers.
Structures and properties of ceramics:
Crystal structures, oxide ceramics, silicate ceramics, imperfections in ceramics, brittle fracture of
[Link] of ceramic products from powders: pressing, casting, vapour phase
techniques, sintering, finishing, machining. Ceramic coatings.
Structures and properties of glasses:
Glass properties, glass melting and forming, heat treating glasses.
Composites and new materials (including asbestos):
Structures of fibrous, particulate and foamed composites, large-particles composites, fibre
reinforced composites, new materials, processing and applications.
Wood as an Engineering Material:
Structure of wood, types of wood, physical and mechanical properties, hand and machine working,
timber seasoning, applications
Testing methods:
Impact tests, Torsion tests, Bending tests, Non-destructive testing, Methods of examination for
Defects X-ray, Penetrator, Magnetic analysis, Ultrasonic Methods.

Pre-requisite Courses
MEC 2309 (Properties of Engineering Materials I)

Co-requisite Courses
MEC 3352 (Strength of Materials II)

143
Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Ashby M. S., 2005, Engineering Materials 2: An Introduction to Microstructures Processing
Design, Vol. 2, Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 0750663812.
2. Van Vlack L. H., 2001, Element of Materials Science and Engineering, Addison Wesley,
ISBN 0201093146.

Recommended Books
1. Forest Products Laboratory, 2000, Wood Handbook: Wood As an Engineering Material, ,
Publisher: University Press of the Pacific, ISBN 0898750822.
2. Jacobs, James A., 2004, Engineering Materials Technology: Structures, Processing,
Properties and Selection, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0133987930.

COURSE CODE: MEC 4402

COURSE TITLE: THERMODYNAMICS II AND HEAT ENGINES

Course Rationale
The rationale of this course is to develop, for mechanical engineering students, detailed analyses
of the performance of traditional propulsion systems using fundamental principles of the
thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics. Due to practical importance to mechanical
engineering students, piston type internal combustion (IC), turbojet, turbofan, ramjet engines and
rocket propulsion systems are also included in this course. The course is in two parts: The first part
deals with principles of engine operation, design and application, effects of operating conditions,
engine design and air pollution while the second part deals with modern jet propulsive systems.

Course Objectives
Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Design and describe various types of heat engines and their applications
2. Distinguish and compute performance outputs of heat engines
3. Describe the design features and perform calculations for heat engines
4. Determine emission levels and control measures in heat engines

Course Content
Internal Combustion Engines: Fuels characteristics; Actual processes and cycles; engine
performance; Engine design features; carburetion; fuel injection; cooling lubrication, and ignition

144
systems. IC Design!
Steam Turbines: Actual cycles, aspects of Design (features and calculations). Regenerative and
intercooling, gas turbines.
Jet propulsion systems: turbojet; turbofan; ramjet and rocket engines and their analysis
Exhaust emissions and their control: Sources and emissions of engine pollutants and their effects
on the environment. Exhaust gas recirculation systems, catalytic converters; closed loop feedback
electronic integrated engine management stem, Emission Regulations (Euro-I, II & III)
New developments in Heat Engines: Design modifications and Concepts.

Pre-requisites
MEC 3401 Thermodynamics I, and ME 461 Fluid Mechanics II.

Co-requisites
MEC 4301 Properties of Engineering Materials II

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Richard S., (1999), “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals” Society of Automotive
Engineers, Inc., IBSN 0-7680-0495-0
2. Ganesan V., (1996), “Internal Combustion Engines” McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
3. ISBN 0-07-462122-X
4. Ganesan V., (1999), “Gas Turbines”, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0-07-463620-0
5. Willard W. Pulkrabek, (Jun 20, 2003),Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion
Engine (2nd Edition). ISBN –10: 0131405705 | ISBN-13: 978-0131405707

Recommended Readings
1. Cohen H., Rogers G. F.C., and Saravanamutto H. I. H., (1996), “Gas Turbine Theory” 4th
Ed., Macmilan, IBSN0-582-23632-0
2. Heywood J. B., (1988), “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals” McGraw-Hill, Inc.
ISBN 0-07-028637-X
3. H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, G.F.C. Rogers, H. Cohen, Paul Straznicky, (Sep 1, 2008), Gas
Turbine Theory (6th Edition). ISBN - 10: 0132224372, ISBN-13:978-0132224376
4. Saravanamutto, (2009),Gas Turbine Theory 6th (sixth) edition Text Only. ISBN-10:
0132224372/ ISBN-13: 978-0132224376

COURSE CODE: MEC 4601

145
COURSE TITLE: FLUID MECHANICS II

Course Rationale
The rationale of this course is to provide, mechanical engineering students, with the principles and
concepts of fluid mechanics both in static and dynamic conditions required to analysis, design, and
develop systems where fluid is the working medium.

Course Objectives
Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Describe fluid mechanics fundamentals, including concepts of mass and momentum
conservation;
2. Apply conservation, control volume and Bernoulli equations to solve problems in fluid
mechanics;
3. Use potential flow theory and dimensional analysis to solve problems in fluid mechanics;
4. State concepts of drag & lift forces in immersed bodies;
5. Describe laminar and turbulent boundary layer fundamentals;
6. Use laminar & turbulent flow regimes to calculate head or pressure loss in fluid flow
systems;
7. Analyze performance of pumps & selection of pumps for a given application;
8. Measure and interpret flow and pressure measurements from a variety of common measuring
devices;
9. Quantify the size of circular pipes and non-circular sections; and
10. Apply the concepts developed for fluid flow analysis to issues in turbo, aero and mechanical
design.

Course Content
Introduction: Definition of a fluid and its physical properties. Basic concepts of Fluid Mechanics,
Forces and Shear stress.
Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics: Formulation of a Transport Theorem, Conservation of
Mass, Conservation of Momentum, Conservation of Moment of Momentum, Conservation of
Energy.
Flow Measurement and Visualization: Pressure measurement, Velocity measurement,
Measurement of Discharge, Measurement of Viscosity, Flow Visualization techniques.
Dimensional Analysis And Principles of Model Testing: Principles governing testing of Models,
Significance of dimensionless numbers, Model testing Ships, Distorted Models.
IncompressibleViscousflow:
Laminar Flow: Types of flow, Experimental determination of critical velocities, Steady Laminar
flow through a circular tube, Flow through an Annulus and Flow between parallel plates.
Turbulent Flow: Reynolds observations on pipes flow, Transition from laminar to turbulent flow,
Turbulence characteristics and Mechanism, Shear stress due to turbulence, Semi-empirical
theories of turbulence, Velocity distribution, Flow through rough pipes, Hydraulically smooth and
rough boundaries, Friction factor, Roughness of pipes and resistance and the Moody diagram,
pipes in series and parallel, Water hammer phenomenon.
Flow Around Submerged Bodies: Regimes of flow round a body, Drag and Drag coefficient,
Resistance of ships, Flow past a cylinder and a sphere, Flow past aerofoils of infinite and finite
lengths and Wakes.
Lubrication Theory: Types of lubrication, Hydrodynamic action, Hydrostatic bearing, Wage

146
shaped fluid flow, Tilting Pad Bearing, Load carried and power loss, Heat balance in bearing
design and design consideration, Journal bearing.
Turbomachines: Angular Momentum Law, Impulse Machines, Reaction Machines, Axial Flow
Machines, Radial Flow Machines, Fans and compressors, Centrifugal pumps, Specific speeds of
pumps and turbines, Cavitation Effects, Fluid couplings and Torque convertors.
Boundary Layer Theory: Boundary Layer Thickness, Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on
flat plate, Growth of boundary layer on flat plate, Laminar sub-layer, Velocity distribution on flat
plates and in pipes, Mechanism of Transition, Separation of flow, and Control of flow separation.
Compressible Flow: Effects of compressibility, Sonic Velocity and Mach number, Perfect Gas
relations, Thermodynamic concepts, Fundamental equations governing compressible fluid flow,
Compressible flow regimes, Controlling parameters in compressible flow.

Pre-requisite(s)
CEE 3311 Fluid Mechanics I; MAT 2110 Engineering Mathematics I.

Co-requisite(s)
None

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Streeter V. L. (1983), “Fluid Mechanics”, MacGraw-Hill,. ISBN: 0-07-548015
2. Douglas J. F., Gasiorek J. M., and Swaffield J. A. (1996) ,“Fluid Mechanics”
ELBS/Longmans, ISBN: 0-582-034752
3. Sitters C. W. M. (1994), “ME463 Fluid Mechanics II Lecture notes”.
4. Rughunath H. M. (1987), “Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (S.I. UNITS)”, CBS Publishers
and Distributors,
5. Frank White, (Feb 2, 2010),Fluid Mechanics with Student DVD (McGraw-Hill Series in
Mechanical Engineering). ISBN-10: 0077422414/ISBN-13: 978-0077422417

Recommended Readings
1. Franzini J. B, and Finnemore E. J. (1997), “Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications”
WCB/McGraw-Hill INBSN 0-07-0219141.
2. E. Finnemore, Joseph Franzini,(2001),Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications.
ISBN-10: 0072432020

COURSE CODE: MEC 4702

147
COURSE TITLE: CONTROL ENGINEERING I AND VIBRATIONS

Course Rationale
The rationale of this course is to provide, mechanical engineering students, with the principles and
concepts of Control and Vibration systems. The course is divided into two parts. One part deals
with Control systems while the other with Vibrating systems. The Control part deals with open
loop and closed loop systems, analysis of first and second order feedback systems, transfer
functions, analysis by complex frequency substitution and kinds of stability criteria. The
Vibrations part deals with the elements of vibrating systems in free, forced and damped conditions
with applications to single-, two- and multi-degrees of freedom as well as the vibratory design of
measuring instruments, beams and shafts.

Course Objectives
Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Apply automatic control, open-loop and closed-loop control systems to engineering
problems.
2. Analyse and apply first and second order feedback systems, transfer functions and complex
frequency substitution.
3. Apply Stability criteria usingRoot Locus, Nyquist, bode and associated plots, Transient and
Steady-State response of open and closed-loop systems to Impulse, Step, Ramp and
harmonic inputs as well as Multi loop systems.
4. Understand and apply elements of vibrating systems.
5. Solve problems concerning Single, Two and Multi Degrees of Freedom in Free, Forced,
Damped and Resonance conditions for linear and angular vibrating systems.
6. Calculate response to Harmonic inputs and Resonance coupled vibration.
7. Provide and analyse the design of vibration measuring instruments.

Course Content
Control Engineering
Introduction:
Introduction to automatic control, open-loop and closed-loop systems, simple linear single-loop
control systems with illustrations from process, position and speed controls,
First and Second Order systems:
Analysis of first and second order feedback systems, transfer functions and analysis by complex
frequency substitution.
Stability criteria:
Root Locus, Nyquist, bode and associated plots, Transient and Steady-State response of open and
closed-loop systems to impulse, Step, Ramp and Harmonic inputs and Multi loop systems.
Vibrations Engineering
Introduction:
Elements of vibrating systems, Degrees of Freedom, free vibrations of systems with single degree
of freedom, linear and angular vibrations and Resonance.
Single Degree of Freedom: Free, Forced and Damped Vibrations of linear and angular systems;
Response to harmonic inputs and resonance.
Two and Multi Degrees of Freedom: Free, Forced and Damped Vibrations of linear and angular
systems, multi rotor systems and resonance.
Response to Harmonic inputs, Resonance coupled vibration and measuring instruments:

148
Transverse Vibrations, Dunkerley’s formula, Whirling of Shafts, and Vibrations Measurement.

Pre-requisites
MAT 4110: Engineering Mathematics IV; ME 375: Dynamics

Co-requisites
MAT 3111: Engineering Mathematics II

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Rao S. S., (2007), “Mechanical Vibrations”, in SI Units, 4th Ed., Dorling Kindersley, IBSN:
81-7758-874-5
2. Rao S.S., (2007), “CONTROL”, in SI Units, 4th Ed., Dorling Kindersley, ISBN: 81-7758-
874-5
3. Tse F.S., Morse I.E. and Hinkle R.T., (1978), “Mechanical Vibrations – Theory and
Applications”, Allyn and Bacon.
4. Seto W.W., (1964), Mechanical Vibrations, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill, New
York.

Recommended Books
1. Distefano J.J., Stubberud A.R., Williams I.J., (1976), Theory and Problems of Feedback and
Control Systems, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill, New York.
2. Meirovitch L., (1986) “Elements of Vibration Analysis”, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill.
3. Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, (2010),Modern Control Systems (12th Edition). ISBN -
10: 0136024580 | ISBN-13: 978-0136024583
4. Christopher Kilian, (2005),Modern Control Technology. ISBN-13: 9781401858063
5. Katsuhiko Ogata, (2009),Modern Control Engineering (5th Edition). ISBN -
10:0136156738/ISBN-13:978-0136156734

FIFTH YEAR COURSES

COURSE CODE: ME 5051

COURSE TITLE: MACHINE DESIGN II

Course Rationale
This course emphasises on the design of machine elements, man-machine interaction and design

149
for manufacture and maintenance. Gearboxes are components used in machines for motion and
torque transmission. Therefore, gears and bearings are the main machine elements considered in
the course. Further, students are introduced to ergonomics and cost reduction in design for
manufacture and assembly.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Identify different types of gears and their typical applications
2. Design and analyse a spur, helical and worm gear box.
3. Identify different types of rolling element bearings and their applications
4. Determine bearing loads resulting from a gearing system
5. Reduce a product manufacturing costs through the application of DFMA methodologies

Course Content
Gear Design:
Gear tooth theory, Gear tooth nomenclature, Classification of gears, Interference and undercutting,
Contact ratio, Gear trains, Gear manufacture (forming gear teeth, machining, roughing processes,
finishing processes, gear quality), Force analysis in gears, Stress analysis in gears, Gear materials
(AGMA bending fatigue strength for gear materials, AGMA surface fatigue strength for gear
materials). Design of spur, helical and worm gears.
Rolling Element Bearing Design:
Comparison of rolling and sliding bearings, types of rolling-element bearings, failure of rolling-
element bearings. Selection of rolling-element bearings using the SKF approach (basic dynamic
load rating, basic static load rating, combined radial and thrust loads). Bearing mounting details.
Ergonomics:
Introduction to man-machine systems and ergonomics, Human factors in engineering, basic
ergonomics, physiological aspects of work. Work measurement through physiological cost; work
physiology. Paced and unpaced work performance. Design and selection of displays and controls.
Application of anthropometric data and work place design, job design, job enrichment, rotation
and satisfaction. Work-environment – physical and social. Industrial safety, Accident prevention.
Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA):
Classification of manufacturing costs. Design for assembly, design for manufacture, design for
maintenance, design for environment concepts.
Pre-requisites
MEC 4055

Co-requisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%

150
 Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Shigley J.E., Mischke C.R., and Budynas R.G. (2004), Mechanical Engineering Design, 7th
Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, International Edition. ISBN: 007-123270-2
2. SKF Bearing Catalogue
3. Van der Zande H.D. (1987), Handbook for Machine Design, University of Zambia, School
of Engineering, Lusaka.
4. Norton R.C. (2005), Machine Design: An Integrated Approach, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall.
ISBN: 978-0131481909

Recommended Readings
1. Khurmi R.S. and Gupta J.K., A Textbook of Machine Design, Multicolour Illustrative
Edition, [Link].!SBN: 978-8121925372
2. Kutz M, (2007), Environmentally Conscious Mechanical Design, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
ISBN: 978-0471726364
3. Budynas R. and Nisbell J.K. (2006), Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, 8th Edition,
McGraw Hill. ISBN: 978-0073121932

COURSE CODE: MEC 5105

COURSE TITLE: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY II

Course Rationale
To provide the student with a broad based foundation of subjects concerning the various
production and manufacturing operations. The various aspects of Computer Aided Manufacturing,
Process Engineering for Manufacturing Technology, and other related manufacturing and design
issues are addressed, enabling students to acquire sufficient background required for the
subsequent specialized and advanced courses.

Course Objective
It is expected that at the end of the course, students will have the knowledge, understanding and
exhibit the skills to:
1. Describe the theoretical as well as practical applications of conventional and automated
machining processes;
2. Calculate machining parameters and generate NC part programs for machining the parts on
a CNC machine;
3. Develop process plans for manufacturing parts by using Process Engineering for
Manufacturing techniques;
4. Describe the various industrial cleaning and finishing technologies;
5. Describe and apply the principles of jigs and fixture design;
6. Describe the theories relating to non- traditional manufacturing technologies.
7. Develop, organize and present written and oral reports concerning Manufacturing
Production.

Course Content

151
Computer-Aided Manufacturing Using CNC Machines:
Evolution of manufacturing and machining systems
Fundamentals of Numerical Control and NC machines
Manual NC Part Programming using G/M codes and conversational languages
Machining Calculations
Jig And Fixture Design
Essential Principles of Design for locators
Clamps, Tool System guides, indexing system applications to jigs and fixtures for drilling, boring,
turning, milling, broaching, grinding and welding.
Industrial Cleaning and Finishing Technologies
Product finishinig: surface coating, phosphate, primers, fillers, stoppers, under and finishing coats.
Paints: Ingredients and types, methods and applications.
Stoving: Oven types and their characteristics, applications
Plating: Principles of electroplating, types and methods of decorative and non-decorative plating,
applications
Process Engineering For Manufacturing
Workpiece Control, kinematic location and design, compliance, rigidity and deflections of the
machine tool/workpiece system.
Selecting and planning the process of manufacture, classification of manufacturing operations and
sequence of manufacture.
Non-Traditional Processes
Abrasive jet machining
Ultrasonic machining
Electro-discharge machining
Electro-chemical machining
Laser beam machining
Powder Metallurgy
Overview of Powder Metallurgy
Powders
Powder Metallurgy Process
Design Considerations in Powder Metallurgy

Pre-requisites
MEC 4105 - Production Technology II;
MEC 4301 - Properties of Engineering Materials II.

Co-requisite
None

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%

152
 Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Note: There are two Final Examination Papers, that is,

Paper I - covering theories and
Paper II – a practical paper designed to test the ability of the student to apply production
engineering theories learnt over the entire 4 year period of studies, focusing on the
manufacture of a multi-component assembled mechanical product with some moving Parts.

Final examinations assessment:

Paper I (Theoretical paper) 60%
Paper II (Practical paper) 60%

An average score for the two final examination papers is used in the assessment thus giving
a final examinations weighting of 60% for the two final examinations.

Prescribed Books
1. Kempster M. H. A., 1974, Introduction to Jig and Tool Design, Hodder and Stroughton, 3rd
Edition, ISBN-0340182210/ 9780340182215
2. Swaraj Paul., (1995), Surface Coatings Science and Technology, 2nd Ed, John Willey, ISBN
0 471 95818 2.
3. Black S. C., Chiles V., Lissaman J. J., 1996, Principles of Engineering Manufacture, 3rd
Edition, Arnold, ISBN – 0 340 63195 3
4. Kalpakjian S., 1995, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 3rd Ed., Addison-Wesley,
ISBN – 0 201 84552 0
5. Mastercam Mill Version 6.0 User Guide, 1984-1996 CNC Software, Inc
6. Eary and Johnson, 1970, Process Engineering for Manufacturing,
7. Kalpakjian S., (2009), Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials (5th Edition).
ISBN -10: 0132272717 / 0-13-227271-7; ISBN 13: 9780132272711

Recommended Readings
1. Groover, Mikell, 2001, Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, ISBN-0132393212, 9780132393218.
2. R. Thomas Wright, (Jan 1, 2005), Processes of Manufacturing. ISBN - 10: 1590703626 |
ISBN-13: 978-1590703625

COURSE CODE: MEC 5401

COURSE TITLE: HEAT TRANSFER

Course Rationale
The rationale of this course is to provide, to mechanical engineering students, basic principles of
heat transfer and their application to thermal engineering problems. The course also allows
mechanical engineering students to use heat transfer numerical packages, of industrial importance,
developed so far. In the broad sense this course includes introduction to steady and unsteady
conduction, numerical methods, free and forced convection, heat exchanger design, and radiation.
Since all students are substantially expected to apply heat transfer knowledge in one way or another

153
they will develop the level of proficiency expected of a professional mechanical engineer, and
demonstrate the ability to solve industrial heat transfer problems.

Course Objective(s)
Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Apply the heat transfer conduction, convection and radiation equations to calculate
temperature distributions and heat transfer rates in simple geometries under steady and
steady conditions;
2. Calculate thermal resistances, including contact resistances, and develop heat transfer
thermal circuits;
3. Apply finite difference techniques to compute heat conduction in 1- and 2-dimensional
configurations, under steady and transient conditions;
4. Analyze transient heat conduction using lumped capacitance and determine when its use is
appropriate;
5. Establish the importance of boundary layers to heat transfer;
6. Establish the significance of non-dimensional parameters in forced and free convection;
7. Establish the significance of boiling and condensation;
8. Describe condensation heat transfer and its dependency on surfaces;
9. State the main categories of heat exchangers;
10. Establish the differences among intensity, emissive power, radiosity, and irradiation and
between spectral and hemispherical; and
11. Establish the difference between diffuse and grey.

Course Content
The following topics are covered in this course:
1. Introduction to heat transfer modes: Conduction, Convection and Radiation
2. Steady state conduction: One Dimensional and Thermal Resistance Concept
3. Steady state conduction: One Dimensional and Heat Source
4. Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces: Conduction and Convection
5. Transient Heat Transfer
6. Principles of Convection: Forced Convection and Free Convection
7. Boiling and Condensation
8. Thermal Radiation
9. Heat exchangers

Pre-requisites
MEC 4402 Thermodynamics II and Heat Engines

Co-requisites
MAT 4110 Engineering Mathematics V.

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment

154
 Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Frank, P. I., (2007) “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer” 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons, IBSN-13: 978-0070337213
2. Rajput, R.K., (2001) “Heat and Mass Transfer” S. Chand and Company Ltd, IBSN 81-219-
1777-8
3. Holman, J. P., (2001) “Heat Transfer: SI Version” 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN13:
9780070083004, ISBN10: 0070083002,

Recommended Readings
1. Myer. K., (2006) “Heat Transfer Calculations”, 1St Edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN13:
9780071410410, and ISBN10: 0071410414
2. Frank P. Incopera, (2005) “Student Study Guide to accompany Introduction to Heat”John
Wiley and Sons, IBSN 0-471-72226-X
3. Rohsenow, W.M., Harmett, J.P, and Cho, Y.I., (1998) “Handbook of Heat Transfer” 3 rd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, IBSN 0-07-053555-8

COURSE CODE: MEC 5205

COURSE TITLE: MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING

Course Rationale
This course is intended to meet the need for training in maintenance engineering which dominates
most of our mechanical graduates’ activities in industry. The course will endeavour to provide
sufficient background to enable graduates to plan and operate a maintenance programme while in
industry. It will also ground graduates on the importance of the maintenance function in
engineering.

Course Objectives
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Explain the key concepts of maintenance engineering.
2. Assess maintenance requirements and costs.
3. Plan maintenance programme based on maintainability and reliability assessment.

Course Content
The meaning and value of maintenance. Maintenance objectives. Overview of damage
mechanisms and their maintenance burden; evaluation of equipment function reduction loss.
Failure modes, effects and critical analysis (FMECA), failure prevention. Maintenance planning
(planned preventive, planned corrective maintenance). Condition-based maintenance; condition
monitoring techniques. Maintainability and reliability assessment. Organising for maintenance;
trends in maintenance organisation, work planning and its control. Reliability Centred
Maintenance. Maintenance cost analysis and reduction. Computer applications in maintenance
engineering.

155
Pre-requisites
Nil

Co-requisites
Nil

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Tutorial/Assignments: 10%
Lab Reports: 10%
Test: 20%
Final Examination: 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Moulbray John, Reliability Centred Maintenance, 2nd ed, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.
2. David J. Smith., (Jul 4, 2011), Reliability, Maintainability and Risk: Practical Methods for
Engineers including Reliability Centred Maintenance. ISBN -10: 008096902X

Recommended Readings
1. Mobley Keith R., Maintenance fundamentals, Butterworth-Heinemann, [Link]-
9780750677981.
2. R. Keith Mobley., (Aug 9, 2004),Maintenance Fundamentals, Second Edition (Plant
Engineering). ISBN - 10: 0750677988 | ISBN-13: 978-0750677981

COURSE CODE: MEC 5152

COURSE TITLE: MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT

Course Rationale
To provide the student with a broad based foundation of subjects concerning the management of
production and operation systems. The various aspects of production planning and control,
computer aided production system design, inventory management and other related management
issues are addressed, enabling students to acquire sufficient Knowledge and background required
for their profession and subsequent specialized advanced courses

Course Objective.
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Describe the various manufacturing production systems
2. Interpret historical demand data and use them to identify demand patterns and make
predictions about future demand levels

156
3. Describe inventory policies, including those with random demand, non-zero lead times and
multiple products
4. Translate a bill of materials into a materials requirements plan; explain the purpose and
application of MRP systems and their shortcomings;
5. Describe the theories relating to Flexible Manufacturing Systems and apply them in a
manufacturing production system;
6. Explain the principles of Aggregate Production Planning in a manufacturing facility.

Course Content
Types of Production Systems
(a) Concepts, Factors, Types and Problems of Production Systems
(b) Productivity Improvement
(c) Job Shops; flow/mass production; process manufacture
Production Systems: Forecasting, Planning and Control
(a) Production Forecasting
i. Demand management
ii. Simple & weighted moving average forecasts
iii. Long-range & short-range forecasting
iv. Qualitative forecasting techniques
v. Quantitative forecasting techniques
(b) Production Planning (Aggregate Production Planning)
i. Production plans
ii. Steps in aggregate planning
iii. Aggregate planning strategies
iv. Techniques for aggregate production planning
(c) Production Control (Aids to Production Planning and Control)
i. Gantt charts, line of balance
ii. Network Planning I (construction of networks)
iii. Network Planning II (utilization of resources, cost optimization)
Inventory Management
(a) Introduction- Dependent and Independent Demand
(b) Types of inventory costs
(c) Inventory Models
Material Requirements Planning
(a) Dependent demand inventory systems
(b) Material Requirement Planning (MRP)
(c) MRP calculations
(d) Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II)
Production Cost Accounting
Basic costing concepts: job costing; process costing; absorption costing; marginal costing.
Group Technology And Cellular Manufacturing
(a) Introduction to Group Technology
(b) Classification system
(c) Use of code systems for family formation
(d) Flow analysis
(e) Workpiece statics
(f) Cell design

157
Assembly Systems
(a) Balancing assembly lines; work time distribution, placing effects and buffer stocks
(b) Mixed model line balancing
Computer Aided Production System Design
(a) Quantitative plant layout technologies
(b) Computer aided process planning (CAPP)
(c) Introduction to computer integrated manufacturing system (CIM)
(d) Introduction to flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
Statistical Quality Control For Manufacturing
(a) Process variability and causes
(b) Statistical representation of process variability – histograms, normal and Poisson
distributions.
(c) Design of control charts for variables and attributes.
(d) Acceptance sampling
Just-In-Time And Lean Production Systems
(a) Introduction
(b) JIT Philosophy
(c) Push vs Pull Systems
(d) JIT & organization functions
(e) Attributes of Lean Producers

Pre-requisites
MEC 5105 - Production Technology III

Co-requisite
None.

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments: 5%
Lab Reports: 15%
Test: 20%
Final Examination: 60%

Prescribed Books
2. R. B. Chase., N. J. Aquilano, (1995) Production and Operations Management, 7th ed., Irwin
Pub., ISBN 0 256 16546 7
2. Radford J. D., Richardson D. B., The Management of Manufacturing Systems, Macmillan
Press, ISBN 0-13-110255-9
3. Martin Starr., (Apr 28, 2008), Production and Operations Management. ISBN-10:
1426630573/9781426630576.

Recommended Readings

158
3. Mikell P Groover., (2001), Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing, ,Prentice Hall. ISBN- 0132393212, 9780132393218.
4. Buffa E., Modern Production Management, 3rd Ed., John Willey and Sons. ISBN 471-2253-
5
5. Mikell P. Groover., (Aug 3, 2007),Automation, Production Systems, and Computer
Integrated Manufacturing (3rd Edition). ISBN -10: 0132393212 | ISBN-13: 978-0132393218

159
COURSE CODE: MEC 5465
COURSE TITLE: REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

Course Rationale
This course is a technical elective within the department of Mechanical Engineering. This course
deals with the design and implementation of refrigeration and air conditioning systems and
building services. Mechanical engineering students get to apply their core undergraduate course
material to understand an actual engineering product of refrigeration and air conditioning.

Course Objective (s)

Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Describe principles of refrigeration and air conditioning;
2. Calculate the cooling load for different applications;
3. Select the right equipment for a particular application;
4. Design and implement refrigeration and air conditioning systems using standards; and
5. Apply Energy Conservation and Management.

Course Content
Reversed Carnot Cycles:
Vapour-compression and air cycle refrigeration. Absorption refrigeration.
Compression Refrigeration Machines:
Refrigerants, Compressor types, design and characteristics, Condensers, Evaporators, Expansion
devices. (Compressor types, design and characteristics included)
Refrigeration Piping System:
Design for refrigeration. Psychrometry, Comfort conditions, Air conditioning, Cooling load
calculations.
Air Conditioning Systems:
Heat pumps. Air handling equipment. Industrial applications of refrigeration and Air Conditioning.

Pre-requisites
MEC 5401 Heat Transfer

Co-requisites
MEC 4402 Thermodynamics II and Heat Engines, MEC 4601Fluid Mechanics II

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments: 5%
Lab Reports: 15%
Test: 20%
Final Examination: 60%

Prescribed Books

160
1. Khurmi R.S. and Gutpa J.K., (2004), “ A textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”
S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-1687-9
2. Dossat R J; (2001), “Principles of Refrigeration”, 4th SI Ed, Pearson Education Limited,
ISBN 8178082748, ISBN-13: 9788178082745
3. Andrew D. A., Bracciano A. F., Turnquist C. H., (1996), “Modern Refrigeration and Air
conditioning” , Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc., ISBN 1-56637-300-X

Recommended Readings
1. ASHRAE HANDBOOKS, Refrigeration Systems and Application, (1994), ISBN: 1041-
[Link], 1988. Fundamentals, 1993
2. Ballaney P. L., (2002), “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,” 8th Edition, Khana publishers,
ISBN 817409136x
3. Andrew D. Althouse, Carl H. Turnquist, Alfred F. Bracciano., (2003),Modern Refrigeration
and Air Conditioning (Modern Refridgeration and Air Conditioning). ISBN - 10:
1590702808

COURSE CODE: MEC 5455

COURSE TITLE: ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

Course Rationale
The rationale of this course is to provide, to mechanical engineering students, basic principles of
alternative/renewable energy technologies and their application to engineering problems. The
course also allows mechanical engineering students to perform qualitative and quantitative
analyses of alternative/renewable energy systems. In the broad sense this course includes system
design of solar, wind, biomass, small, mini-hydro systems as well as co-generation and energy
efficiency technologies.

Course Objective
Students successfully completing this course will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Describe various alternative sources of energy and their applications, co-generation and
energy efficiency;
2. Select appropriate technologies to suit a given situation;
3. Provide a suitable descriptive and analytical system design of a given alternative source of
energy;
4. Demonstrate both qualitatively and quantitatively the benefits of adopting an alternative
source of energy in a given situation;
5. Demonstrate both qualitatively and quantitatively the benefits of co-generation and energy
efficiency; and
6. Be able to establish the link between alternative energy sources and environmental concerns.

Course Content
Introduction to alternative energy
Renewable energy: traditional energy systems, conventional/modern energy systems, role of
renewable energy, types, design features, system design and performance evaluation and cost of
renewable energy system from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and co-generation. Hydrogen
cells

161
Co-generation: Co-generation and advanced fossil fuelled electricity generation technologies-
design concepts, performance and cost of combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT), Integrated
Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), co-generation based on coal, nuclear and industrial waste.
Energy Efficiency Technologies: Energy efficiency-basics of energy efficiency, energy
management as tool for attaining energy efficiency and methodological approach to energy
management process
Energy and Environment: Energy and environment-local concerns, global concerns, mitigation
options vulnerability and adaptation.

Pre-requisites
MEC 4601: Fluid Mechanics II; MEC 4402: Heat engines and Thermodynamics II and MAT
4110: Engineering Mathematics V.

Core-requisites
MEC 5401: Heat Transfer

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Rosenberg Paul; (1992), “Alternative Energy Handbook, The Fairmount Press”, ISBN: 0-
88173-140-4.
2. Decher Reiner; (1997), “Direct Energy Conversion –Fundamentals of Electric Power
production”, Oxford , ISBN: 0-19-509572-3.
3. D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, (May 7, 2007), Handbook of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series) . ISBN - 10:
0849317304 /ISBN-13: 978-0849317309
4. William H. Kemp, (Oct 1, 2009),The Renewable Energy Handbook, Revised Edition: The
Updated Comprehensive Guide to Renewable Energy. ISBN - 10: 098101321X /ISBN-13:
978-0981013213

Recommended Readings
1. Renewable Energy Development in Africa Common wealth Science Council, volume 1
ISBN: 0-8509-2925.

COURSE CODE: MEC 5855

COURSE TITLE: AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

162
Rationale
The demand for automobile engineering is growing with the expansion of automobile industries
and increasing demand for vehicle. This course is aimed at teaching mechanical students to design,
develop, manufacture, and repair of automobiles. The fields of activity, for automobile engineers,
in industry include development (construction, calculation and testing); priming of work with
regard to pollution and fuel efficiency; fabrication and observation of the functionality of motor
vehicles for roads.

Course Objectives:
By the end of the course, each student should demonstrate the ability to:
1. Describe vehicle design.
2. Analyse the performance of transmission and driveline systems.
3. Describe fluid power aspects of sub-system components.
4. Analyse aspects of vehicle and power train control.
5. Describe the operation and performance of braking systems.
6. Describe the principles of vehicle performance testing.
7. Describe various aspects of equipment for technical repair and maintenance, including
factors affecting reliability and durability of motor vehicles.
8. Design transport infrastructure for technical maintenance and repair

Course Content
Theory of Automobiles
Tractive characteristics: tractive and resistive forces and moments; dynamic tractive
characteristics, equation of motion; force and power equilibrium, tractive deisgn calculations.
Braking characteristics: braking theory, deceleration, braking distance and time. Roughness
capability tractive forces and moments, optimum dimensions, and conditions under tough motion.,
brake testing.
Control (steerability): wheel and suspension vibration characteristics, driving wheel stability,
oversteer and understeer, effects of suspension variations and body structure on steerability.
Stability: motor vehicle longitudinal stability, transverse stability under overturning and sliding
conditions. Shape influence on transverse stability.
Comfort vibration effects on passengers: specific motor vehicle vibrations.
Fuel economy characteristics, fuel consumption under steady-state and varying conditions,
influence of construction and design parameters on fuel consumption, optimisation of fuel
consumption.
Design and Construction Features of Automobiles
Automobile engine reciprocating and rotary mechanism, valve timing mechanism, fuel system,
electrical equipment, cooling system, lubricating system. Transmission system; clutch, gearbox,
transmission shaft, differential, axles. Steering system, steering principles, steering linkage
steering boxes, wheel and column, power assisted steering. Suspension System, Wheels and tyres:
Suspension factors, front suspension, rear suspension, springs, shock absorbers (dampers). Body
structure, chassis, various aspects of vehicle bodies including classification and materials.
Introduction to Transport Organisation
Introduction to technical maintenance and repair organisation. Various aspects of equipment for
technical repair and maintenance. Factors affecting reliability and durability of motor vehicles.
Design of transport infrastructure for technical maintenance and repair.

163
Pre-requisites
MEC 5401 Heat Transfer, MEC 4402 Heat Engines and Thermodynamics II, MEC 4601
Fluid Mechanics II

Core-requisites
MEC 2309 Properties of Engineering Materials I; MEC 3401Thermodynamics I; MEC 4301
Properties of Engineering Materials II; and MAT 4110 Engineering Mathematics IV

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Books
1. Artamonov M. IIarionov V.A; Morin M.; (1976), “Motor Vehicles-Fundamentals and
Design” 2nd Edition; Mir Publishers, Moscow.
2. Gillespie T. D. (1992), “Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics” American Society of
Automotive Engineers, Inc., IBSN 1-56091-199-9
3. Newton K. , Steeds W. and Garret T.(1983) “The Motor Vehicle” Butterworths-Heinemann,
London IBSN 0408011572, ISBN-13: 978-0408011570
4. CDX Automotive, (Jan 10, 2013), Fundamentals of Automotive Technology. ISBN - 10:
144967108X/ ISBN-13: 978-1449671082
5. Reza N. Jazar, (Nov 4, 2009),Vehicle Dynamics: Theory and Application. ISBN -
0387742433; ISBN-13: 9780387742434

Recommended Readings
1. Giles J. G., (1968), “Steering Suspension and Tyres”, Volume 1, lliffe Books Ltd, London,
(TL 275 GIL), ISBN-10: 0592006204 , ISBN-13: 978-0592006208
2. Steeds W. (1960), “Mechanics of Road vehicles”, lliffe and Sons Ltd, London, (TL 156
STE);ISBN-10: 0592006042, ISBN-13: 978-0592006048
3. Wiley, (2007) “Automotive Handbook”, 7th edition; Robert Bosch GmbH; ISBN: 978-0-
470-51936-3

COURSE CODE: MEC 5552

COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

164
Course Rationale
Environmental engineering is a unique discipline that deals with the specific issues of emissions,
waste disposal, water and soils engineering. Engineers in practice are increasingly held liable for
increasing constraints placed upon them by environmental laws and standards. This elective
course is intended to provide a first introduction to the environment and how mechanical
engineering activities impact on it to the mechanical engineering student. Further the course will
provide the first body of knowledge about how engineers can meet the requirements of
enforcement agencies and standards.

Course Objectives:
It is expected that at the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Explain the various waste disposal methods.
2. Explain how air, water and noise pollution arise and their control mechanisms.
3. Describe and apply reuse, recycling and resource recovery techniques for plastics, paper and
glass.
4. Explain and apply the concept of cleaner production.
5. Analyse environment policy issues.

Course Syllabus
Industry and the Environment. Waste disposal methods (solid and harzadous waste); land fill,
incineration and burning. Radioactive waste. Air pollution; air quality, air pollution control.
Water Pollution. Noise Pollution. Reuse, Recycling and resource recovery technology: plastics,
paper and glass. Conservation and management of resources. Cleaner production technologies
(waste minimisation, cleaner technologies, waste management at source, industrial waste(water),
discharge standards). Cleaner production practices. Introduction to occupational health.
Environment policy issues: impact and ethics.

Pre-requisites
None

Co-requisites
None

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments/Case Studies: 20%
Test: 20%
Final Examination: 60 %

Prescribed Books
1. Vesilind Aerne P, Peirce Jeffrey J and Weiner Ruth F, (1994),Environmental Engineering,

165
 3rd ed, Butterworth-Heinemann,.
2. UNEPCP website for cleaner production material
3. James R. Mihelcic, Julie B. Zimmerman, (Jun 22, 2009),Environmental Engineering:
Fundamentals, Sustainability, Design. ISBN –10: 0470165057 /ISBN-13: 978-0470165058
4. Mackenzie Davis, David Cornwell., (Jan 31, 2012), Introduction to Environmental
Engineering (McGraw-Hill Series in Civil and Environmental Engineering). ISBN-13:
9780073401188 / ISBN-10: 0073401188
5. Joseph A. Salvato, Nelson L. Nemerow, Franklin J. Agardy., (Mar 31, 2003), Environmental
Engineering. ISBN – 04714181377

COURSE CODE: MEC 5355

COURSE TITLE: ADVANCED STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Course contents
Experimental stress analysis:
Three dimensional photoelasticity, photo-elastic coating, brittle lacquer, more grid method.
Numerical methods in stress analysis:
Finite differences and finite element methods, application to plane stress problems. Choice of
methods of stress analysis to suit a given problem.
Equations to elasticity in two and three dimensional rectangular and cylindrical co-ordinates, use
of the stress function for the solution of the elasticity equation, application to problems of bending
of rectangular and circular plates; bending theory of thin rotating shells, discontinuity stresses at
junctions of shells, contact stresses.
Simple theory of plastic bending. High strain fatigue, incremental collapse and limit analysis.

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

Prescribed text(s):
1. Timoshenko S., Goodier J. N., Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill, 2nd Ed., 1961.
2. Cook, R. D., Concepts and Applications of Finite Elements Analysis, John Wiley, New
York, 2nd Ed., 1981.

Recommended text(s):
1. Lancaster P. R., Mitchell D., Advanced Solid Mechanics, Macmillan, 1980.
2. Froncht M.M. Photo Elasticity, Volumes I and II, John Wiley, New York, 2nd Ed., 1965.
3. Zienckiewicz, O. C., The Finite Element Method, McGraw-Hill, England 2nd Ed., 1985.

166
4. Johnson W., Mellor P.W. Engineering Elasticity, Ellis Horwood, Southampton, 1983.

COURSE CODE: MEC 5904

COURSE TITLE: PROJECT

Each final year student in the school engineering must conduct and complete a project assignment.
The topic for the project work is selected by the student with the approval of his Department
Project Coordinator at the end of the Fourth year so that preliminary study and planning can start
during the following long vacation.
Project may involve design, construction, testing and/or management and require laboratory
investigation, field work, analysis, design, study and library research. An oral progress report will
be required of the student at specified times during the academic year. Assessment of these will
contribute to the final continuous assessment.
The student will submit to his Head of Department, by the end of classes in the second semester,
two (2) of the formal report on his project work. The final examination in this course shall be an
oral examination.

Time Allocation
8 hours/week

COURSE CODE: MEC 5702

COURSE TITLE: CONTROL ENGINEERING II

Course contents
Fluid control Systems
Basic fluid components used for control: definitions using steady state characteristics, various
types of control valves, actuators etc. and their dynamic considerations. System dynamics: system
stiffness and natural frequency. Transmission systems. Flow control systems. Various types of
control systems: Valve, accumulator and feedback systems. Block diagrams, signal flow diagrams.
Applications.
Sequential and Digital Control
Number systems. Logic symbols: switching algebra. Synthesis of logic circuits; minimisation of
switching equations, Karnaugh maps. Sequential circuits: Bi-stable circuits: counters, registers,
code conversion. Microprocessors and microcomputer functions and applications in control.
Software. Application case studies.

Time Allocation
Lectures: 4 hours/week
Practical/Tutorial: 3 hours/week

Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Labs 15%
Tests 20%

167
 Final Examination 60%

Prescribed Text(s)
1. A. B. Goodwin, Fluid Power Systems, 1976, Macmillan.

Recommended text(s)
2. D.E. Johnson [Link], Digital Circuits and Microcomputers, 1979, Prentice-Hall.

168
 GENERAL ENGINEERING COURSES

ENG 2159 ENGINEERING WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY (Credit 0.5)

Time: 4 hours Lecture and 3 hours laboratory/tutorial per week

a. Mechanical Engineering Workshop (3.5 weeks)

Safety in the workshop
Common materials used in the workshop: steel, aluminium, copper and some alloys.
Workshop processes; metal cutting, turning, shaping, milling drilling, reaming, boring,
broaching, grinding; casting methods; shearing and blanking; metal forming :-
wire and tube (wire drawing, bending, round and coil bending),
sheet (bending, round bending, roll forming, drawing, flow turning),
solid stock (forging, extrusion, rolling, metal joining: welding, brazing, soldering).
Process planning, selection and sequence of operations, cases study of an application.
Manufacturing costs Job, batch and mass production.
The use of the vernier calliper and the micrometer.

b. Electrical Engineering Workshop (2.5 weeks)

Safety of people and protection of equipment, codes of practice, wiring regulations, cable
sizes and types, earthing, shock, typical domestic and industrial installations.
Basic electrical components, their types, ratings and restrictions; resistors (carbon, wire-
wound, liquid), inductors (self, mutual, cores, losses), capacitors (electrolytic, paper-
tantalum). Fuses, miniature circuit breakers, Heat dissipation, screening, layout of
components. Connections: temporary (plugs and sockets), permanent (bolted, soldered ,
cable jointing).
Workshop practice will include: use of tools, light and heavy soldering, brazing, silver
soldering, mounting a wide range of components, stripping and splicing cables, coaxial and
multi-core cables. Correct usage, calibration and care of electrical test equipment.

c. Surveying workshop technology (2.5 weeks)

Introduction to data acquisition technique. Primary data sources: by conventional surveying
methods i.e. angular and distance measurements and levelling, aerial photography. Primary
Data capture by modern methods like GPS, and remote sensing. Secondary data sources: by
digitizing and scanning from maps, aerial photographs and remote sensing data.

d. Civil Engineering Workshop (2.5 weeks)

Concrete mixing and products; reinforced concrete, lintels; slabs; columns and beams;
termite proofing of houses; timber trusses; purlins; roofing materials, from architecture to
house.

e. Agricultural Engineering Workshop (2 weeks)

Scope of Agricultural Engineering, Overview of Farm Power and Machinery, Primary Power
Sources in Agriculture and Their Characteristics, Outline of Crop Production, processes and
Machinery.

169
Recommended Text(s)
1. Workshop Technology Part I, 5th Ed. W. A. J. Chapman, Arnod 1972.
2. Workshop Technology Part II 4th Ed. W. A. J. Chapman, Arnod 1972.
3. Surveying, Bannister A., Raymond S., Baker R. 7th Ed. Longman, 1998
4. Newnes Electrical Pocket Book E.A. Reeves, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, (1995 or Latest),
UK, ISBN 0 7506 2566 X
5. Standardization is Good Business, R. P. Preston, Standards Council of Canada, (1977 or
Latest), ISBN 0-920360-08-4
6. Logistics Engineering and Management, Benjamin S. Blanchard, Prentice-Hall, (1986 or
Latest), USA, ISBN 0-13-540238-7
7. Introduction to Agricultural Engineering – A problem solving approach. Lawrence o. Roth,
Harry L. Field. 2nd Ed. Chapman Hall 1991.

ENG 2139 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Credit 0.5)

4 Hours Lecture and 3 hours laboratory/tutorial per week

Introduction to Computer Hardware and Software

Computer hardware: input/output devices, CPU, control devices, Memory, ROM, RAM.
Computer software: operating systems DOS, OS, UNIX, windows. Utilities, files, networking,
Introduction to application software: spreadsheets: Microsoft excel.
Introduction to Data Processing and Management
Data types, formats, standard pre-processing versus post processing, transformation, conversion,
translation, projection systems, database management systems.
Data Manipulation and Presentation
Basic GIS concepts and operation, data integration and manipulation, cartographic processes and
presentation, user requirements versus product specifications.
Introduction to Programming
Programming in C++, Language structure, syntax, compiling Applications to some engineering
problems.

Prescribed texts
1. Introduction to computers: Stevev C. Chapra & Raymond P. Canale. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
1986.
2. Geographic Information Systems – A Management Perspective, Stan Aronoff. WDL
Publications, Ottawa, 1995.
3. Object Oriented Programming with C++. David Parson DP Publications Ltd., London, 1994.

ENG 2129 ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION (Credit 0)

Time: 2 hours lecture per week

The engineering profession, branches of engineering, functions of an engineer. Case studies of

typical projects: Agricultural Engineering, Civil Engineering (including Land Surveying),
Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Professional requirements.
Report writing; Basic writing skills, format and layout of lab reports and other formal reports.

170
ENG 3165 FLUID MECHANICS & THERMODYNAMICS (Credit 0.5)
4 hours lecture + 3 hour laboratory/tutorial per week

FLUID MECHANICS (15 WEEKS)

Introduction and Fluid Statics:
Definition and properties of fluids, units and dimensions. Pressure, manometry, forces on
submerged planes, buoyancy, flotation.
General Fluid Motion:
The continuum and control volume concepts. Ideal flow concepts 2-dimensional potential flow
treated with emphasis on applications related to flow visualisation around submerged bodies and
the flow net) with minimal mathematical rigour. Definition of streamlines, path lines, laminar
motion point. Turbulent and non-turbulent flow, descriptive treatment of boundary layer concepts;
skin and form resistance, separation.
Conservation of mass and energy:
Impulse-momentum principles, applications, losses in pipe bends nozzles.
Bernoulli's equation and application to Prandtl tube, pitot static tube, nozzles, orifice venturi
meters.
Flow through Pipes and Open Channels:
Application of continuity, energy, and momentum principles to flow of real fluids through pipes,
losses in pipes. Definition of open channel or free surface flow. Steady uniform flow in a
rectangular open channel.
THERMODYNAMICS (15 weeks)
Thermodynamic Concepts:
The thermodynamic fluid and its properties, the equilibrium state, Definition of work and heat,
processes and the concept of systems. Energy conversion and the first law of thermodynamics.
The second law of thermodynamics, reversibility and enthalpy.
Systems and Cycles:
Closed systems, steady flow in open systems. Ideal and real gases, properties of steam, the Mollier
diagram. The Carnot cycle, vapour power cycles, the Rankine cycle. Heat engines, steam engines,
steam turbines, psychrometry. Refrigeration systems; ideal and actual cycles, engine performance
under steady and varying loads. Introduction to heat transfer; cooling of equipment, heat
exchangers.

Prescribed Text(s):
1. Rogers G.F.C., Mayhev Y.R., Engineering Thermodynamics, Work & Heat Transfer, 1980,
Longman, ISBN 0-582-30500-4.
2. Streeter V.L., Benjamin E., Wylie, Fluid Mechanics, 7th Ed., 1979, McGraw Hill (ISE),
ISBN 0-07-085786-5.

ENG 4129 ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT AND SOCIETY I (Credit 0.5)

4 hours lecture + 3 hour laboratory/tutorial per week

171
Economic Concepts
Introduction to micro economics: elementary theories of demand and supply, factors of production,
production functions, diminishing returns, comparative advantage. Introduction to Macro
Economics: Circular flow of income, Gross Domestic and Gross National product, balance of
payments, economic planning, public and private sectors, economic theories of development.
Domestic and foreign problems of development: economic growth, income distribution, poverty,
population increase, education, unemployment, urbanisation and rural migration, agriculture,
public spending; international trade, foreign aid.
Industrial Development
Defining industry, industrial transformation. Industrialisation strategies, capital accumulation,
developing industrial sub-sectors. Global industrial trends, Trans National Corporations, the role
of government. Limits to industrialisation: deterioration of environment, sustainable industrial
development, the concept of cleaner production. Manufacturing development in Zambia: national
development plans, nationalisation, structural adjustment, liberalisation.
Technology
Defining technology: Indigenous technology development: R & D, innovation, education.
International technology transfer, technical assistance.
Introduction to Accountancy
Balance sheets, profit and loss accounts, appropriation accounts. Entrepreneurship
Engineering in Society
The scientific method. Engineering as a science and an art. The engineering profession,
professional bodies.
Communication
Technical writing, Communication skills, reports and papers. Oral and visual communication,
meetings and discussion methods. Video conferencing.

Prescribed Text(s)
1. Lapperre P., Ng’andu B.N, Van Englen D., Gaillard H., (1999) Engineering and Society (I):
Economic aspects of Development, (Course reader produced by UNZA, School of
Engineering and Eindhoven University of Technology)

Recommended text(s)
1. Todaro P.M., (1997) Economic Development, Longman, 6th Ed., ISBN 0-582-302579

Further reading
1. Evenson R.E. and Anis G., (1990) Science and Technology Lessons for Development
Policy, Intermediate Technology Publications, London, ISBN 1-85339-062-3
2. UN/ESCAP, - Technology Transfer, an ESCAP training manual, booklets 1-2-3.
ST/ESCAP/862
3. UN/ESCAP/APCTT, (1989) An overview of the framework for technology based
development, volume I, Bangalore, India.
4. Dijk M.P. and Marcussen H.S., (1990) Industrialization in the Third World: the need for
alternative strategies, Frank Cass, London, ISBN 0-7146-3406-9

ENG 5129 ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT AND SOCIETY II (Credit 0.5)

172
4 hours lecture + 3 hour laboratory/tutorial per week

Introduction to Management
Management: definitions; objectives (profitability, time effectiveness, quality). Engineering as
business: Organization structures; shareholders, boards; executive management; functions of
shareholders, boards, managers.
Functions of Management
Planning: definition; objectives; feasibility studies; time scheduling, critical path analysis;
introduction to management accounting, project evaluation using discounted cash-flow, risk
analysis;
Organizing and co-ordinating: definition; good conditions – unity of objective, efficiency, lines
and levels of authority, accountability, delegation, communication channels, division of work,
separation of conflicting objectives, flexibility, Organizational structures – function, territory, and
product based; advantages and disadvantages
Staffing: definition and purpose, establishment and job descriptions, appraisal criteria, recruitment
methods and procedures, training
Leading: definition and purpose, leadership principles, motivation theories, job enrichment team
work
Marketing: definition and purpose, methods of marketing
Production And Services Management
Monitoring and Controlling operations: purpose, cost control, progress control, progress
measurement benchmarks; forecasting, progress reporting, progress meetings,
controlling/managing changes.
Quality control: definition and importance, quality costs, quality management principles; quality
management systems.
Productivity; product design; utility services design.
Industrial Relations: Definition, manager’s interest and constraints, worker’s interest and
constraints, industrial action, trade unions, government roles, application of labour laws.
Industrial legal Aspects:
Contract law, labour laws, professional negligence, alternative dispute resolution, patents and
companies registration, tax laws, business and industry regulation laws
Applications to Project Management
Project feasibility studies; project launching; project planning and implementation; project
appraisal case study.

Prescribed Text(s)
1. Carto S. C. (1992) Modern Management: Quality, Ethnics, and Global Environment Allyn
and Bacon 5th Ed. ISBN: 0-205-13154-9

Recommended Text(s)
1. Behrens W. and Hawranek P.M. (1991) Manual for the Preparation of Industrial Feasibility
Studies, Newly Revised and Expanded Edition, UNIDO E.91. III.E.18, ISBN: 92-1-106269-
1
2. Freeman-Bell G. and Balkwill J. (1991) Management in Engineering: Principles and Practice
Prentice Ball International, ISBN: 0-13-55 023-2
3. Meredith J.R. and Matel Jr. S. J. (1995) Project Management – A Managerial Approach John
Wiley & Sons Salamon M (1998) Industrial Relations: Theory and Practice Prentice Hall

173
 Europe, 3rd Ed. ISBN: 0-13-150947-0

Further Reading
1. Badiru A.B. (1993) Management Industrial Development Projects: A Project Manager
Approach Van Nostrand Reinhold, ISBN: 0-442-01076-7
2. Hellriegel & Slocum Jr. J.W., (1992) Management Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Inc., ISBN: 0-
201-52600-X
3. Hodgetts R.M. (1990) Management: Theory, Process and Practice Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich 5th Ed. ISBN: 0-15-554664-3
4. Weihrich H. (1993) Management: A Global Perspective McGraw-Hill Inc. 10th Ed. ISBN:0-
07-069170-3

ENG 4143 VACATION TRAINING I (Credit 0)

Training between years 3 and 4. (Compulsory)

ENG 5143 VACATION TRAINING II (Credit 0)

Training between years 4 and 5. (Compulsory)

174
 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

COURSE CODE: MAT 2110

COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS I (Credit 0.5)
Time: 4 hours lecture + 2 hours tutorial per week

Pre-requisite: M114 – Mathematical Methods II B (be advised)

Course Contents
1. Conic Section, Parameterized Curves and Polar Coordinates
Conics; Transformation of coordinates; Graphs of quadratic equations in x and y; Rotations
about the origin; Parameterization of curves; Polar coordinates; Polar equations for conics.
2. Differentiation
Nth order derivatives; Leibnitz theorem.
3. Applications of Integration
Areas between curves; Volumes of solids of revolution; Curve length; Surface area; Centers
of mass.
4. Infinite Series
Sequences; Infinite series; Convergence; Comparison and integral tests; Power series;
Taylor and Maclaurin series.
5. Analytic Geometry in Space
Three dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, Lines and planes in space.
6. Vector Valued Functions
Definition; Plane curves; Space curves.
7. Functions of Several Variables
Limits and continuity; Partial derivatives; Differentiability and the Gradient; Chain rules;
Total differential and approximation; Maxima and minima for a function of two variables;
Constrained maxima and minima; Lagrange multipliers.
8. Ordinary Differential Equations
First order differential equations; Solution by separation of variables; Exact equations; First
order linear differential equations; Second order linear differential equations; Homogeneous
equations with constant coefficients; Non-homogeneous linear differential equations;
Method of variation of parameters; Higher order linear differential equations with constant
coefficients.
9. Matrices and Linear Systems of Equations
Consistent system of equations; Elementary row operations; Solutions of systems of linear
equations.
10. Vector Spaces
Linear independence; Linear combination and span; Basis and dimension; Rank of a matrix;
Eigen values and eigen vectors.

Prescribed books:
1. Calculus, Second Edition, Finney R. L and Thomas G. B., Addison Wesley.
2. Calculus, Second Edition, Finney R. L and Thomas G. B., Addison Wesley.

175
3. Multivariable Calculus, Linear Algebra and Differential Equations, Second Edition,
Grossman S. T, HBJ Publishers.
4. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edition, Kreyszig E, John Wiley & Sons.

COURSE CODE: MAT 3110

COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II

Pre-requisite: MAT 2110 – Engineering Mathematics I

Course Contents
1. Linear Differential Equations of the Second Order
Cauchy-Euler equations; complete solutions of y" + Py  + y = R , where P, Q and R are
functions of the independent variable.
2. Systems of Differential Equations
Homogeneous systems with constant coefficients; Non homogeneous linear systems.
3. Series Solutions of Differential Equations
Power series method; Frobenius method.
4. Laplace Transforms
Definition; Inverse transform; Linearity; Transforms of derivatives and integrals;
Differential equations; Unit step functions; First and second shift theorems; Differentiation
and integration of transforms.
5. Partial Differential Equations.

6. Fourier Series and Integrals

Periodic functions; Fourier series; Even and odd functions; Half range expansions; Fourier
integrals.
7. Analytic Geometry in Space
Surfaces in space; Cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
8. Functions of several variables
Gradient vectors; Tangent planes; Normal line to a surface; Directional derivatives.
9. Multiple Integration
Double integrals; Areas; Centers of mass; Double integrals in Polar form; Surface area.
Triple integrals; Changing variables in multiple integrals and the Jacobian; Triple integrals
in cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
10. Integration in Vector Fields
Vector fields; Work; Line integrals in the plane; Independence of path; Green’s theorem in
the plane; Line integrals in space; Surface integrals; Divergence and curl of a vector field in
 3 ; Stokes theorem; The divergence theorem.

Prescribed books:
1. Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Raisinghania M.D., S. Chand & Company Ltd.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edition, Kreyszig E, John Wiley and Sons.
3. Multivariable Calculus, Linear Algebra and Differential Equations, Second Edition,
Grossman S. I., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers.
4. Calculus, Second Edition, Finney R. L and Thomas G. B., Addison Wesley.

176
COURSE CODE: MAT 4119
COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III

Pre-requisite: MAT 3110 – Engineering Mathematics II

Course Contents
1. Introduction to Numerical Methods Mathematical Preliminaries
Analytical versus numerical analysis; Taylor series expansions; Accuracy; precision and
bias; Analysis of numerical errors.
2. Solutions of Equations in One Variable
The Bisection method; Fixed point iteration; The Newton – Raphson method;
Error Analysis; Multiple roots.
3. Numerical Solutions of Non-linear systems of Equations.
4. Simultaneous Linear Equations
Gaussian elimination method; Jacobi iterations; Gauss Seidel iterations.
5. Numerical Interpolation
Gregory–Newton interpolation method; Newton’s finite difference interpolation; Lagrange
polynomials; Interpolation using splines.
6. Numerical Differentiation and Integration
7. Initial Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations
Euler’s Method; Higher order Taylor method; Runge Kuta methods.
8. Complex Functions
Derivative; Analytic function; Cauchy Riemann equations; Exponential function;
Trigonometric functions; Hyperbolic functions; Logarithms; General power; Complex
integration.

Prescribed books:
1. Numerical Analysis, Burden R. L. and Faires J. D., PSW Kent
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Kreyszig E., John Wiley and Sons.
3. Theory of functions of a complex variable, Eighth edition, Narayan S. and Mittal P.
K.,[Link].

177
 SERVICE COURSES OFFERED BY OTHER
SCHOOLS

COURSE CODE: AGA 3335

COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
4 hours lectures and 3 hours practical per week

Animal Anatomy:
Functional anatomy, skeletal systems, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system.
Animal physiology:
Digestion, circulation, temperature regulation, endocrine system, reproduction.
Animal Nutrition:
Chemical constituents of animal body, water, protein, carbohydrates, fats and minerals. Feed value
estimation, chemical analysis, animal and energy requirements. Nutrients sources. Ration for
livestock and poultry.
Animal Breeding:
Process of inheritance, elements of population genetics, selection, breeding systems, species
hybridisation, artificial insemination.
Animal Husbandry:
Husbandry of meat animals: beef cattle, sheep, goat, rabbit and poultry. Husbandry of dairying:
dairy animals, breeding plans, milking. Animal production in Zambia.

Prescribed Book:
1. Payne, W.J.A. 1990. An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. Longman Group
UK. ISBN: 0-470-21569-0.

Recommended Readings:
1. Thomas, D.G. 1983. Animal Husbandry. Bailliers Tindall, London. ISBN: 0702009733.
2. Youdeowei, A., Ezedinna, F.O.C. & Onazi. O.C. 1986. Introduction to Tropical Agriculture.
Longman and New York. ISBN: 0582 643902.

COURSE CODE: AGC 3135

COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF FIELD CROP PRODUCTION
4 hours lectures and 3 hours laboratory practicals

Physiological factors affecting plant growth and development; climatic, soil and biotic factors.
Cropping system; crop rotation, crop mixtures.
Inter-cropping, relay cropping. Crop improvement and crop production role, importance and
choice of varieties in different production systems.
Crop pests and their control-method of pest control (chemical), cultural, biological and integrated.
Classification and application of pest control chemicals, handling and safety of pesticides.
Economic yield, biological yield and yield components. Production and use of pasture and forage
crops; handling forages, principles of silage and hay making. Harvesting, storage and preparation

178
for marketing of food, feeds and seed crops - (storage requirements for different crops).
Production of some field crops in Zambia:
Maize, sunflower, soyabeans, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, potatoes, cassava.

Prescribed Book
1. Webster, C.C. & Wilson, P.N. 2013. Agriculture in the Tropics. Longman. ISBN:
1313033227.

Recommended Reading
1. Martin, J.H. & Leonard, W.H. 2005. Principles of Field Crop Production, 2nd Edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0130259675.

COURSE CODE: AGG 3811

COURSE TITLE: RURAL SOCIOLOGY
4 hours lectures and 3 hours practical/tutorial per week

Rural Sociology:
Rural sociology as a discipline, its historical development and relevance to agricultural
development. Brief introduction to the socio, cultural and economic foundation of African systems.
Basic concepts of social life: Social grouping roles, values, status, norms, social stratification,
social, systems and rural institutions, populations dynamics. Birth and mortality rates. Population
growth, immigration and rural-urban drift, settlement programmes, family planning, peasants and
peasantry, diffusion and adoption processes for agricultural innovations.
Rural Extension Education:
History and concepts of extension objectives philosophy and scope comparative extension systems
and development principles and the theory of learning, principles of adult teaching and learning -
strategies of promoting non formal education. Extension teaching aids and devices organisation
for teaching learning in extension, programme planning phases and steps, needs, objectives,
background statements. Activity schedules and evaluation, leadership, theories and principles,
types of leaders, identification, training and maintenance, communication and diffusion adoption
processes.

Prescribed Book
1. Rogers, E.M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press, New York. ISBN:
0743222091.

Recommended Readings:
1. Adams, M.E. 1983. Agricultural Extension in Developing Countries. Longman, Bumt Mill,
Harlow, Essex, U.K. ISBN: 0582650259.
2. Forster, G.M. 1973. Traditional Societies and Technological change. Harper and Row, New
York. ISBN: 0060421290.
3. Swanson, B.E. (editors). 1998. Agricultural Extension. A Reference Manual. FAO Rome.
ISBN: 92-5-104007-9.

GGY 3051 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (Credit 0.5)

179
4 hours lectures + 3 hours practical per week

The gross structures of the Earth: Plate tectonics and the earth's surface features, weathering,
erosion and sedimentation. Vulcanism, plutonism, metamorphism. Geological time.
Elementary crystallography the silicate minerals the non-silicate minerals. Soils, sediments,
sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks.
Stratification, foliation and lineation, folds, joints and faults. Slopes processes, stream processes,
coastland marine processes, aeolian processes, glacial processes, landscape evolution. Introduction
to hydrogeology groundwater, springs and wells, water supply. Slope stability, slides and flows.
Earthquakes.
Effect of man on surface processes, population growth and resources pollution. Geological maps,
interpretation of geological maps and reports, methods of site investigations.
Geology and engineering works, geological factors in foundation engineering, construction
materials.

Recommended Text(s):
1. Rahn P.H., Engineering Geology, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986.

180