LEADERSHI[P
Flashcard 1: Passive (Sheep)
Followership
Characteristics: Passive, uncritical, lacks
initiative, waits for instructions.
Case Study: John completes assigned tasks
but never takes initiative. He avoids
problem-solving and waits for others to step
in.
Outcome: Reliable but lacks leadership
potential. Seen as dependable but not
proactive.
Flashcard 2: Alienated Followership
Characteristics: Critical thinker but
disengaged, negative, cynical.
Case Study: Lisa, once enthusiastic,
became resentful after being passed over
for promotion. She criticizes policies
privately but avoids open confrontation.
Outcome: Intelligent but disengaged. Stuck
in her role without motivation for growth.
Flashcard 3: Pragmatic Survivor
Followership
Characteristics: Adaptable, shifts
approach based on circumstances, risk-
averse.
Case Study: Mark aligns himself with
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successful projects and avoids failing ones.
He navigates office politics well and remains
employed through organizational changes.
Outcome: Survives workplace shifts but
lacks strong loyalty or leadership ambition.
Flashcard 4: Conformist (Yes-Person)
Followership
Characteristics: Obedient, avoids
questioning authority, dependent on leader.
Case Study: Emma always agrees with her
boss and ignores concerns from her team.
She prefers stability over challenging poor
decisions.
Outcome: Valued by management for
compliance but lacks innovation and
leadership credibility.
Flashcard 5: Exemplary Followership
Characteristics: Independent, critical
thinker, problem-solver, proactive.
Case Study: Sarah challenges ineffective
ideas constructively, provides alternatives,
and supports team success. She excels in
her role without seeking leadership.
Outcome: Highly respected and contributes
significantly to the organization without
needing formal leadership.
LEADERSHI[P
Summary:
Passive: Follows orders without
initiative.
Alienated: Critical thinker but
disengaged.
Pragmatic Survivor: Adapts to stay
safe.
Conformist: Loyal but uncritical.
Exemplary: Independent and proactive,
best type of follower.
PowerPoint Presentation: Team
Development and Roles
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: "Team Development and Roles:
Tuckman & Belbin"
Subtitle: Understanding Group Dynamics
and Team Roles
Your Name & Date
Slide 2: Introduction
Brief overview of Tuckman & Jensen’s
group development stages
Brief introduction to Belbin’s nine team
roles
Importance of teamwork in the
workplace
LEADERSHI[P
Slide 3: Tuckman & Jensen’s Stages of
Group Development
Forming: Members get to know each
other, uncertain roles
Storming: Conflict arises, personalities
clash
Norming: Resolution, structure forms
Performing: Teamwork established,
productivity high
Adjourning: Team disbands, final tasks
completed
Slide 4: Case Study - Tuckman’s Stages
in Action
Example: A new project team at a tech
company
Forming: Team members introduced
Storming: Conflicts over project direction
Norming: Clear roles assigned,
agreement on tasks
Performing: Team works efficiently,
project success
Adjourning: Project ends, members move
on
Slide 5: Belbin’s Nine Team Roles
Overview
LEADERSHI[P
Plants: Innovators, creative problem-
solvers
Resource Investigators: Extroverted,
networkers
Coordinators: Natural leaders, delegation
skills
Shapers: Determined, overcome
obstacles
Monitor Evaluators: Critical thinkers,
logical decision-makers
Implementers: Practical, disciplined,
efficient
Teamworkers: Sociable, diplomatic,
cooperative
Completer Finishers: Detail-oriented,
perfectionists
Specialists: Experts in their field,
knowledgeable
Slide 6: Case Study - Belbin’s Roles in
Action
Example: Marketing team launching a
product
Plant: Creates unique campaign ideas
Resource Investigator: Networks with
advertisers
Coordinator: Organizes tasks, aligns
goals
LEADERSHI[P
Shaper: Pushes the team to meet
deadlines
Monitor Evaluator: Reviews strategy
critically
Implementer: Ensures practical
execution
Teamworker: Maintains team harmony
Completer Finisher: Checks for final
details
Specialist: Provides industry insights
Slide 7: Strengths & Weaknesses of
Tuckman’s Model
Strengths: Dynamic model, adaptable,
well-supported
Weaknesses: Stages may overlap, lacks
empirical testing
Slide 8: Strengths & Weaknesses of
Belbin’s Model
Strengths: Scientific approach, reliable
psychometric testing
Weaknesses: Cultural limitations, social
desirability bias
Slide 9: Conclusion & Discussion
How these theories help in teamwork
improvement
LEADERSHI[P
Real-life examples from workplace or
education
Q&A session
Worksheet: Case Study Scenarios
Instructions: Read the scenarios and
answer the questions.
Scenario 1: Tuckman’s Stages in a
Team Project A software development
company forms a new team to design an
app. The members are initially excited but
later disagree on features. Over time, they
settle differences, work efficiently, and
finally, the project is completed.
Questions:
1. Identify which stage of Tuckman’s
model the team was in during each
phase.
2. What challenges did the team face in
the Storming stage?
3. How did they successfully reach the
Performing stage?
Scenario 2: Belbin’s Team Roles in a
Marketing Team A company is launching a
new product. John generates ideas (Plant),
Emma coordinates tasks (Coordinator),
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Michael networks with sponsors (Resource
Investigator), and Sarah ensures quality
control (Completer Finisher).
Questions:
1. Identify the roles of each team
member based on Belbin’s model.
2. What strengths do these roles bring
to the team?
3. What potential weaknesses could
arise from relying too much on one role?
Let me know if you need any modifications
or additional details!
PowerPoint Presentation Outline
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: "Verbal Communication in
Healthcare"
Subtitle: Understanding Patient-
Practitioner Communication
Your Name/Institution (if needed)
Slide 2: Introduction
Importance of effective communication
in healthcare
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How miscommunication affects patient
care
Slide 3: Svarstad and Mechanic (1976)
Study
Findings on patient knowledge gaps
Reasons for miscommunication (lack of
clarity, missing information)
Slide 4: Ranjan et al. (2015)
Recommendations
Use of simple language
Open-ended questions
Giving information in small portions
Importance of empathy
Slide 5: Monden et al. (2016) Study
40% of practitioners lack confidence in
delivering bad news
93% believe it is an essential skill
Need for training in communication skills
Slide 6: McKinlay (1975) Study
Overview
Aim: Understanding technical language
in working-class families
Method: Patients assessed on
comprehension of 13 medical terms
Blind scoring by practitioners
LEADERSHI[P
Slide 7: McKinlay (1975) Results
Utilisers had higher comprehension than
underutilisers
Many terms misunderstood by both
groups (e.g., purgative, rhesus)
Doctors underestimated patient
comprehension
Slide 8: McKinlay (1975) Conclusions
Practitioners assumed patients
understood less than they actually did
Many doctors still used complex terms
despite low comprehension
Responsibility for clear communication
lies with practitioners
Slide 9: Factors Affecting
Communication
Primacy Effect (Ley, 1988): Early
information better remembered
Forgetting (Richard et al., 2016):
Patients forget 40-80% of information
Importance of structuring information
logically
Slide 10: Evaluating McKinlay (1975)
Strengths: High ecological validity,
applicable to real-life healthcare settings
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Weaknesses: Sample was
unrepresentative (only working-class
mothers)
Application: Healthcare strategies to
improve patient comprehension
Slide 11: Summary & Key Takeaways
Clear communication improves patient
outcomes
Practitioners should use simple,
structured language
Training is essential for effective patient
communication
Slide 12: Questions & Discussion
Open floor for questions
Discuss real-life cases of
miscommunication in healthcare
Worksheet: Case Studies in Healthcare
Communication
Case Study 1: Miscommunication in
Medication Instructions
A patient is prescribed antibiotics but does
not fully understand how long to take them.
As a result, they stop taking them early,
leading to antibiotic resistance.
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Question: What could the practitioner have
done to improve communication?
Case Study 2: Delivering Bad News
A doctor informs a patient of a serious
illness but uses complex medical jargon,
leaving the patient confused and anxious.
Question: How should the doctor have
communicated this news differently?
Case Study 3: Technical Language
Barrier
A midwife tells a pregnant woman that her
baby is in a "breech" position. The patient
does not understand and does not ask for
clarification.
Question: How can healthcare
professionals ensure patients understand
medical terminology?
Case Study 4: Recall and Forgetting
A patient receives a diagnosis and is given
multiple instructions on treatment but
forgets most of the details by the time they
get home.
Question: What strategies can practitioners
use to improve patient recall?
Reflection Question:
How can healthcare professionals balance
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professionalism and empathy when
communicating with patients?
