INNOVATIVE AUTOMATION IN DEEP-SEA FISHERIES: A COMPREHENSIVE

EXPLORATION OF LONGLINE FISHING ADVANCEMENTS

Proposed Thesis

Presented to the Department of Mechanical Engineering

Cebu Institute of Technology University

Cebu City, Philippines

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

____________________

by

Shunneo C. Sente

Marcelo A. Alqueza III

Carl Vincent F. Bolambao

Kerr Anthony A. Racal

Earl Spencer G. Liao

August 2023

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 This proposed thesis entitled, “Innovative Automation in Deep-Sea Fisheries:

A Comprehensive Exploration of Longline Fishing Advancements,” was prepared and

submitted by SHUNNEO SENTE, MARCELO A. ALQUEZA III, CARL VINCENT F.

BOLAMBAO, KERR ANTHONY RACAL, EARL SPENCER G. LIAO in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

is hereby recommended for approval.

ENGR. ANGELO A. ACENAS

Adviser

Member Member
Date: Date:

Member
Date:

This thesis is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

ENGR. ANGELO A. ACENAS ENGR. ROBERTO P. BASE, JR.

Thesis Instructor Chair, Department of Mechanical
Engineering

Date: Date:

DR. EVANGELINE C. EVANGELISTA

Dean, College of Engineering & Architecture

Date:

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Abstract

Longline fishing has been a traditional method employed for centuries, particularly in
capturing deep-sea species such as tuna. However, the historical methods have been
labor-intensive and faced challenges in scalability. This research explores the historical
evolution of longline fishing techniques and introduces the concept of automation to
enhance efficiency, sustainability, and productivity in deep-sea fisheries. The evolution of
technology has played a pivotal role in transforming various industries, and the fishing
sector is no exception. Traditional longline fishing methods, involving manual setting and
hauling of fishing lines, are being revolutionized by innovative automation technologies.
This study investigates the limitations of manual longline fishing, including increased
labor demands and potential impacts on target species and ecosystems. It examines the
rationale behind the shift towards automation, highlighting the goals of improving
precision, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing overall fishing operations.
Through a comprehensive analysis of historical practices and technological
advancements, this research seeks to provide insights into the potential benefits and
challenges associated with implementing automated solutions in longline fishing.

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 Acknowledgment

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have best

owned upon the blessings and the heart pledged support, the researchers are
utilizing to thank all the people who have been concerned with this project. The
following persons are hereby acknowledged by the researcher for their
contributions to the research’s success.

Almighty God, for being always on the side and for all the blessings received
from day-to-day life, and for being able to complete this project with triumph.

Mechanical Engineering (ME) Department, to give us the chance to undergo the

research process.

Also, to …

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 Table of Contents

Page

Title Page I

Approval Sheet II

Abstract III

Acknowledgement IV

Table of Contents V

List of Tables VI

List of Figures VII

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

1.1 Background of the Study x

1.2 Statement of the Problem x

1.3 Objectives of the Study x

1.4 Significance of the Study x

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study x

1.6 Definition of Terms x

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 6

1.1 Related Theories x

1.2 Literature Review x

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Chapter 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 11

1.1 Research Design x

1.2 Research Flow x

1.3 Design Conceptualization x

1.4 Method of Fabrication x

1.5 Method of Testing and Experimentation x

1.6 Method of Data Collection, Visualization, and Analysis x

List of Tables

Page

Table 3.2 Research Flow 12

Table 3.3.2 Material Selection 15

Table 3.3.3 Total weight computation 16

Table 3.6 Method of Data Collection, Visualization, and Analysis 24

List of Figures

Page

Figure 3.1 Research design 11

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Figure 3.3.4 Detailed parts drawing 18

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 Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Background of the Study

The Philippines, a maritime nation that is a complex of islands, comprises 7,641

islands and has the territorial sea that covers 679,800 km2 and Exclusive Economic

Zone (EEZ) of 2,263,816 km2. Most parts of the Philippines are coastal areas, and

about 70% of Filipinos are estimated to live in coastal areas (Palomares and Pauly,

2014). Climate change and its impact on fisheries is a key issue for fishing nations,

particularly the Philippines. The Philippines is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate

change on fisheries and it can lead to economic shock on the nation's economy.

Squid populations have increased during the last six decades. This increase is

thought to be due to the loss of top predators from fishing and rising temperatures

(Doubleday et al., 2016; Pecl and Jackson, 2008). Squid are an important fisheries

resource representing about 4% of the global marine landings (Hunsicker et al., 2010;

Arkhipkin et al., 2015; Rodhouse, 2005).

Fisheries have a great significance in terms of food security and economy in the

Philippine (Santos et al., 2011). There is a need to secure the food supply to keep

feeding people as poverty has remained continuously high and the population has

grown in the Philippines. Fisheries are a strategically important factor because it has a

positive nutritional effect as a source of necessary protein and essential nutrients (Prein

and Ahmed, 2000; Irz et al., 2007).

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 Fishing with artificial light has become one of the most advanced, efficient, and

successful methods for catching commercially important species on an industrialized

scale (Nguyen & Winger, 2019). Light is used to detect, attract, or repel fish to increase

in gear selectivity. Fluorescent, halogen, and metal halide (MH) lights are commonly

used to detect and gather fish in inland and coastal water because of their high

luminescent efficiency (An, 2013; Solomon & Ahmed, 2016). During the last few

decades, light emitting diode (LED) technology provides maximum illumination power

combined with high energy efficiency, longer lifespan light bulbs, lower cost, better

chromatic performance, and reduced environmental impact compared to other lighting

technology. The use of LED technology has now spread to large commercial fisheries

across a range of target species in many countries around the world (Yeh et al., 2014;

Nguyen & Tran, 2015; Ortiz et al., 2016; An et al., 2017; Nguyen et al., 2017, 2021).

The aim of this study is to implement sustainable practices in longline fishing for rice

using autonomous methods, addressing both environmental and economic aspects. By

employing Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), the approach aims to enhance cost-

effectiveness and environmental friendliness. This research endeavors to contribute to

the broader field of sustainable aquaculture by offering practical solutions to reduce

risks associated with catching squids, particularly for local divers operating in deep-sea

environments. Furthermore, the study seeks to improve production efficiency and

overall sustainability within the industry.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

Squid and fishes stand as essential marine resources on a global scale, serving as

pivotal sources of sustenance for a substantial segment of the world's populace.

However, traditional longline fishing methods often rely on DIY baits or expensive

fluorescent lights, consuming significant resources and time. Moreover, local fishermen

frequently resort to deep-sea dives when catches are insufficient, adding further strain.

These practices may not be sustainable for older individuals still reliant on fishing for

sustenance. Introducing automation to longline fishing could offer a viable solution to

these challenges, addressing concerns such as labor intensity and time constraints. By

mechanizing the process, it is anticipated to alleviate the physical strain on fishermen,

reduce fishing time, and provide opportunities for diversification. This study aims to

tackle the pressing issues facing fishing techniques in the Philippines, thereby

contributing to sustainability and cost-effectiveness in both agricultural and

environmental spheres.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

This research aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the concept of

automated longline fishing. Specific objectives include:

a. Examining the technological concepts behind automated longline fishing methods.

b. Assessing the potential benefits in terms of efficiency, productivity, and resource

conservation.

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 c. Analyzing the environmental considerations and sustainability aspects associated

with automated longline fishing.

d. Investigating regulatory frameworks and guidelines governing the adoption of

automation in fisheries.

e. Identifying challenges and opportunities related to the broader implementation of

automated longline fishing technologies.

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study focuses on the conceptual aspects of automated longline fishing methods,

exploring the underlying technologies and their implications for deep-sea fisheries. It

encompasses a review of relevant literature, analysis of technological trends, and

discussions on the potential impact of automation on the fishing industry. The research

aims to contribute insights into the role of automation in promoting sustainable and

efficient fishing practices.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

• Designing a machine that would catch squids and fishes.

• The machine should be operated by an operator for the machine to work.

• The machine will be limited to accommodate 10 to 60 kilograms (kg).

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1.7 Definition of Terms

1. Longline Fishing: Refers to a commercial fishing technique that uses a long line, or

mainline, with multiple baited hooks attached at intervals. This method is commonly

employed to catch fish species like tuna, swordfish, and halibut in deep-sea

environments. Longline fishing can be labor-intensive and may have environmental

impacts, but advancements such as automation aim to improve efficiency and

sustainability in the industry.

2. Fluorescent Light: Sometimes used in fishing to attract fish to the surface at night.

These lights are typically submerged or suspended from fishing boats to illuminate the

water and attract plankton, which in turn attracts smaller fish, thus drawing larger

predatory fish to the area. This technique, known as attracting, can increase catch

rates, particularly for certain species like squid and baitfish.

3. LED - Light Emitting Diode: Are increasingly used in fishing to attract fish to baited

hooks or to attract plankton, which in turn attracts fish. These lights are typically

submerged or attached to fishing gear to illuminate the surrounding water, making it

more visible to fish during nighttime or deep-sea fishing. LED lights offer advantages

over traditional fluorescent lights, including energy efficiency, durability, and

customizable colors.

4. Jigging: The repetitive vertical movement of a weighted lure, known as a "jig," in

water to lure and provoke fish into striking. This method imitates the natural movement

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of prey and is frequently employed to pursue a diverse range of fish species, especially

in deep-sea or bottom fishing situations.

5. Fishing Reels: are the mechanical devices used to retrieve fishing line. They play a

crucial role in managing and controlling the line during both casting and retrieving

actions.

6. Fish Chute: Refers to a specialized channel or pathway constructed to guide fish

towards a designated location, such as a holding tank or processing area on a fishing

vessel. By directing the movement of fish, it facilitates easier handling and sorting,

thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the fishing process.

7. Gillnet with LED lights: A gillnet equipped with LED lights is a specialized tool

designed to attract fish during night fishing operations. The LED lights are strategically

placed along the net to illuminate it, increasing its visibility underwater and drawing fish

towards it. This technology enhances the effectiveness of gillnet fishing by improving

catch rates and allowing fishermen to work in low-light conditions with greater precision.

8. Environmental considerations and sustainability: Involve practices aimed at

minimizing negative impacts on ecosystems and maintaining fish populations for future

generations. This includes measures such as implementing catch limits, using selective

gear to reduce bycatch, and promoting habitat conservation to ensure the long-term

health of marine environments.

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 Chapter 2

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Related Theories

LED gillnet and autonomous longline methods, based on traditional longline

techniques, hold significant potential as more efficient and sustainable methods for

catching squids and fish. Compared to conventional approaches, these techniques offer

enhanced energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

1. Ecological Dynamics of Climate Change on Fisheries: Climate change is

intricately woven into Earth's history, alongside the evolution of life and physical

transformations. Understanding its impact on fisheries is crucial as climate directly

influences fish populations, affecting their distribution and productivity. Changes in

oceanic currents due to climate change can lead to shifts in species' ranges, altering

population numbers and potentially driving extinctions.

2. Food Security Theories: The concepts and theories concerning food security and its

components, including food availability and access, could be utilized to emphasize the

significance of enhancing grain drying practices in guaranteeing food security.

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3. Utilizing Sustainable Fishing Practices: Utilizing Eco-Friendly Ropes to Minimize

Ocean and Seabed Degradation, Protecting Marine Life such as Turtles from

Entanglement and Preserving Coral Reefs from Pollution.

4. Enhancing Economic Viability through Cost-Benefit Analysis: Integration of LED

Lights in Automated Longline Fishing Ensures a Guaranteed Catch within 5 minutes or

less, optimizing catch rates and reducing operational time, thereby streamlining

efficiency and minimizing labor-intensive processes.

2.2 Literature Review

The study adopts a cross-sectional research design to examine the current state

of automated longline fishing technologies and their outcomes in various fishing

operations. By employing both primary and secondary data sources, the research aims

to provide a comprehensive analysis of this evolving sector. This literature review

scrutinizes the methodologies utilized in previous studies and underscores the ethical

considerations inherent in research involving human participants and environmental

impact assessments.

A stratified random sampling approach is employed, delineating strata based on

geographical regions, vessel sizes, and specific automated technologies. This ensures

the selection of a representative sample across diverse fisheries contexts. Data

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collection incorporates surveys, on-site observations, and archival data retrieval.

Surveys capture quantitative data on catch rates, operational costs, and environmental

impacts. On-site observations focus on deployment processes, while archival data

includes historical fishing records and environmental data.

Dependent variables encompass catch efficiency, operational costs, and

environmental impact indicators, while independent variables include automated

technology types, vessel characteristics, and geographical location. Statistical

techniques such as regression analysis and t-tests are employed for data analysis,

utilizing statistical software for rigorous inference. Data collection instruments are pre-

tested for reliability and consistency, enhancing the validity of research findings.

Standardized survey tools and triangulation of data from multiple sources bolster

credibility. Inter-rater reliability is assessed for observational data to ensure consistency.

The fisheries sector presently contributes 1.3 percent to the Philippines’ GDP

and supports approximately 1.6 million jobs, equivalent to around 4 percent of the labor

force, including low-income families engaged in subsistence fishing. Additionally, it

serves as the primary source of protein for over 50 percent of Filipino families. And

based on research from Vietnam comparing fluorescent tube and metal-halide lamps on

purse seine vessels with the recent adoption of light emitting diode (LED) lights, LED

lights, despite their lower power usage compared to control vessels (3 vs. 12 kilowatts),

resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in illumination and a 2.3-fold increase in useful light

areas. The total catch from purse seine vessels equipped with LED lights surpassed

that of control vessels using fluorescent lights, with 59.2 MT compared to 51.9 MT. The

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catch composition included scads (37.4%), skipjack tuna (33.8%), Indian mackerel

(7.3%), largehead hairtail (6.0%), squid (4.3%), and other species (11.2%). Additionally,

a study in Indonesia examined the impact of different light colors on squid and fish

catch rates. Each boat lift net was equipped with 12 fluorescent lamps arranged on both

sides of the boat. Results indicated significant differences in catch rates with different

light colors. White lights captured 2793 squid, while yellow lights captured 1251. Boat lift

nets operated with white lights were more effective in capturing squid compared to

those using yellow lights.

Ethical guidelines are strictly adhered to, including obtaining informed consent,

ensuring data confidentiality, and respecting privacy. Institutional review board approval

is secured to uphold ethical standards. Potential limitations, such as reliance on self-

reported data and regional variability in fishing practices, are acknowledged, with efforts

made to mitigate these through careful survey design and validation checks.

This review underscores the significance of methodological rigor and ethical

conduct in researching automated longline fishing technologies. By employing robust

methodologies and adhering to ethical guidelines, researchers can generate credible

findings that contribute to sustainable fisheries management and environmental

conservation efforts.

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 Chapter 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Research Design

The research aims to investigate the evolution and impact of automation

technologies in the longline fishing sector, particularly emphasizing efficiency,

sustainability, and productivity enhancements in deep-sea fisheries. This study adopts a

cross-sectional research design to assess the current state of automated longline

fishing methods and their outcomes in various fishing operations. Both primary and

secondary data sources will be utilized to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Specific

objectives include examining the technological concepts behind automated longline

fishing methods, assessing their potential benefits in terms of efficiency, productivity,

and resource conservation, analyzing the environmental considerations and

sustainability aspects associated with automation, investigating regulatory frameworks

governing the adoption of automation in fisheries, and identifying challenges and

opportunities related to broader implementation. By focusing on the conceptual shifts in

longline fishing practices and their significance in modern fishing technologies, this

study aims to contribute valuable insights into promoting sustainable and efficient

fishing practices.

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3.2 Research Flow

Brainstorming
INPU Project Selection
T Determination of the
Final Project

Description of Design
Design Material Selection
Conceptua
lization Detailed Drawing
Design Calculation

Analysis of existing
technology
Design Innovation
Process Design and Budget
Analysis

Figure 3.2.1 Research flow chat

This research utilized a quantitative approach to obtain findings and discussions

concerning the proposed machinery. Specifically, it constituted experimental inquiry

wherein researchers evaluated the functionality of the constructed apparatus.

Additionally, the study aimed to contrast traditional longline fishing methods with the

utilization of LED light fishing techniques, aiming to discern and compare the correlation

between two specific variables. The experimental framework, inclusive of statistical

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methodologies, was meticulously interpreted and implemented as recommended.

Furthermore, it facilitated the evaluation of whether the study objectives were achieved.

3.3 Design Conceptualization

The development of the design of the Automation in longline fishing system was

based on the considerations discussed in the minor subsection below.

3.3.1 Description of Design

Frames

They provide support, stability, and structural integrity, aiding in the dispersion of loads,

withstanding forces, and preserving the general form and function of the supported

object.

Bearings

Is a mechanical component engineered and designed to minimize or reduce friction and

enable seamless rotational or linear motion between two parts.

PCP (Pre-Charged Pneumatic) Air Compressor

A PCP (Pre-Charged Pneumatic) air compressor is a type of air compressor specifically

designed for refilling high-pressure air reservoirs used in PCP air guns, also known as

pre-charged pneumatic guns.

Reelings

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The reeling typically refers to an electric or motorized fishing reel, is a mechanical

machine attached to the boat's equipment and are designed to assist anglers in reeling

in their catch.

Aluminum Plane – Fish Slide

The aluminum plane fish slide or fish chute is a mechanism designed to channel fish

from the deck into storage or processing areas. It's often a sloped or inclined channel

made of materials like aluminum or stainless steel, allowing fish to slide down smoothly

for efficient handling and storage.

Gillnet with LED – Lights

The incorporation of LED lights into the gillnet suggests a strategic adaptation for

attracting fish or improving visibility, particularly in low light conditions, thereby

enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the fishing operation.

Blade (Separator of the catch fish)

The blade is used to cut the wire attached to the bait used for catching fish or squids.

Transmission (conveyor built, gears, chains)

Responsible for transferring power and movement between different components or

sections of a machine.

Power Source (Electric Motor)

It is a widely utilized power source found across diverse industries, converting electrical

energy into mechanical energy to produce rotational motion.

3.3.2 Material Selection

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The materials we use on the automation technologies in the longline fishing, are

normally selected to guarantee efficiency, and durability. The main parts of the

Mechanical Reeling System are typically constructed of aluminum and stainless steel,

which is corrosion-resistant and suitable for use in small boats.

To provide a longer use, the mechanical reeling system is constructed of aluminum so

that its lightweight would not affect the balance in weight to the small boat (Bangka).

Using stainless steel helps prevent corrosion, protects the ropes from damage,

maintains cleanliness, and reduces the risk of infection.

PARTS MATERIAL

Frame Aluminum

Reels Stainless Steel

Rope Banana Fiber Rope

Bearings Stainless Steel

Fish Plane - Chute Stainless Steel or Food-Grade

Plastic

Blade Mild Steel or Stainless Steel

Electric Motor Housing Stainless Steel Housing

3.3.3 Design Calculations

 For Air compressor

 For momentum of the fired squid jig - Projectile

 For Pulley System

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For Air Compressor:

 PV=nRT

Where:

 P - is the pressure of the gas

 V - is the volume of the gas

 n - is the number of moles of gas

 R - is the ideal gas constant

 T - is the temperature of the gas (in Kelvin)

For momentum of the fired squid jig:

 Projectile Equation

Horizontal Motion

 x=v0xt

Where:

 x - is the horizontal distance traveled,

 v0x - - is the initial horizontal velocity of the projectile, and
 t - is the time.

Vertical Motion

 y=v0yt−21gt2

Where:

 y - is the vertical displacement

 v0y - is the initial vertical velocity of the projectile

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  g - is the acceleration due to gravity (usually taken as 9.8 m/s29.8m/s2 near the

surface of the Earth)

 t - is the time

Maximum Height

 vy=0

Time of Flight

 T=g2v0y

For Pulley System:

Angular Velocity (ω ) – angular displacement per unit time

 ω = ∆θ / ∆t

 ω = ∆θ / ∆t
- Note in (Positive Angular Velocity) – (Counter Clockwise – Reverse)

 ω = ∆θ / ∆t
- Note in (Negative Angular Velocity) – (Clockwise)

Angular Acceleration (α ¿

α ¿∆ ω / ∆t

@ Rotational Kinematics

 ω f = ω i + at
1
 ∆ θ = ω i t + 2 at 2

2
  ω f = ω i + 2a∆ θ
2 2

(Note – Rotational Kinematics - For Theory)

Torque (τ ) – a force to rotate an object

 τ = Fd sin θ

@ Rotational Dynamics

ετ = Net Torque – (acting on a disk or reel)

mg = mass times gravity

(For an object near the surface of the Earth, experiencing uniform gravitational acceleration)

ma = mass times acceleration

a = α R = Linear acceleration of the disk

Iα = Inertia times Alpha – (Inertia of the dsik or reel)

Friction and Weight Equations

 ε τ = FT x R
 ε Fy =
F T - mg
 m∂ y = F T – mg – (based from Newton’s 2nd Law of motion)

Derivations
ε τ = FT x R

Where:
F T = mg – ma

Now

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ε τ = (mg – ma) R

Changing or replacing ma to mα R – base from the equation of linear acceleration a = α R (a =

alpha times R)

ε τ = (mg – mαR ) R
Iα = (mgR – mαR 2)
Iα 2
+ mαR = mgR
Factored out the alpha (α )
α [ I + m R2 ] = mgR

α = mgR / I + m R2

3.3.4 Detailed Drawings and Illustrations

Orthographic Drawing

Figure 3.3.1 Orthograhic View of Frame

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Figure 3.3.2 Orthograhic View of Reels and Fish Plane or Chute

Figure 3.3.3 Orthograhic View of Machine

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 Figure 3.3.4 Isometric view of the whole assembly
3.4 Method of Fabrication

1. Design Planning:

Clearly outline the specifications and prerequisites for your mechanical reeling system
within automation technologies for longline fishing. Take into account factors such as
environmental concerns and safety prerequisites.

2. Material Selection:

Choose suitable materials for constructing the mechanical reeling system within
automation technologies for longline fishing. These materials should prioritize durability,
efficiency, and suitability for the intended purpose. Common options include stainless
steel and aluminum due to their known durability and efficiency.

3. Sketch and Blueprint:

Generate comprehensive sketches and blueprints for the mechanical reeling system,
incorporating detailed dimensions, structural elements, and the arrangement of storage
and distribution systems such as the fish plane or chute. Emphasize a design that
prioritizes efficiency, durability, and eco-friendliness.

4. Design a Frame:

Create a durable frame capable of supporting the weight of the reeling mechanism and
the gillnet rope, with a designated compartment to house the air compressor canister.
The frame should also feature an attachment area for the fish plane or fish chute.

5. Design a Fish Plane or Chute:

The fish plane or chute should be positioned at an angle to ensure proper distribution of
caught fish and squids into the storage area.

6. Design the Electric motor Housing:

Create a electric motor housing in order to avoid short circuits or accident during
operation at sea.

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7. Safety Features:

Integrate safety measures like emergency shut-off switches, fire suppression systems,
and temperature alarms to prevent accidents and guarantee secure operation.

8. Assembly and Fabrication:

Exercise extreme caution during the assembly process to prevent accidents. Begin by
attaching the reels to the frame, followed by the installation of the fish plane or fish
chute. Then, secure the eco-friendly ropes from the reels to the guide of the fish wire
cutter at the fish plane section. Always adhere to industry standards during assembly.
As the machine primarily consists of knots with minimal welding, prioritize safety above
all else.

9. Testing and Calibration:

Thoroughly test the reeling mechanism to ensure it functions as intended. Regularly

monitor the air compressor to maintain a consistent range while firing the weight rod of

the gillnet.

3.5 Method of testing and experimentation

3.5.1 Performance evaluation

Based on the objectives of the study, it is imperative to ascertain the parameters for
evaluating the performance of an automation system in longline fishing. In this study,
the following parameters are to be determined:

 Enhanced Visibility
 Attraction of Fish
 Energy Efficiency
 Environmental Benefits

3.5.2 Testing or experimental set-up

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 An experimental setup was devised to evaluate the efficacy of an automation
system employing LED lighting in longline fishing operations. The setup involved
outfitting a longline fishing vessel with the prototype automation system, along with
strategically positioned LED lights for underwater deployment. Standard longline fishing
gear and bait were utilized, alongside data logging equipment for recording pertinent
fishing parameters such as depth, temperature, and catch. The automation system was
calibrated to control the activation of compressed air canisters to deploy the squid jigs,
and simultaneously retrieve them using a reverse polarity system. Departing from port,
the vessel ventured to a predetermined fishing location with known fish populations and
environmental conditions. Throughout the experiment, real-time monitoring of the fishing
operation was facilitated via a control station and expert fisherman, allowing observation
of fish behavior in response to the LED lighting. Subsequent data analysis aimed to
assess the impact of LED lighting and automation on fishing efficiency, catch rates, and
environmental factors. Post-experimental evaluations involved crew feedback sessions
and any necessary equipment maintenance or adjustments. This experimental
framework contributes valuable insights into the potential benefits and feasibility of
integrating LED lighting into automation systems for longline fishing, fostering the
development of sustainable and efficient fishing practices.

3.5.3 Testing instruments and calibration procedures

Testing Instruments:

Depth Sensor: Utilized to measure the depth at which the longline fishing gear is

deployed, providing crucial data for the automation system to adjust LED lighting and

deployment mechanisms accordingly.

Temperature Sensor: Monitors water temperature, which can influence fish behavior

and the effectiveness of LED lighting attraction. This data informs the automation

system's decisions regarding LED activation and intensity.

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Pressure Sensor: Measures water pressure to determine the depth of the fishing gear

accurately. Precise depth information is essential for optimal deployment and retrieval of

the longline equipment.

LED Intensity Meter: Used to quantify the brightness levels of LED lights underwater.

This ensures consistent and effective illumination for attracting squid or other target

species.

Calibration Procedures:

Depth Sensor Calibration: Submerge the depth sensor in a controlled environment with

known depths, such as a calibration tank. Compare the sensor readings to the actual

depths to adjust and calibrate its accuracy.

Temperature Sensor Calibration: Immerse the temperature sensor in water baths of

varying temperatures and compare its readings to known temperature standards. Adjust

the sensor's calibration settings to ensure accurate temperature measurements.

Pressure Sensor Calibration: Employ a pressure chamber to subject the sensor to

different pressure levels corresponding to various water depths. Calibrate the sensor

output to accurately reflect the pressure changes associated with depth.

LED Intensity Calibration: Place the LED intensity meter underwater at different

distances from the LED lights. Measure and record the light intensity readings at each

distance to establish a calibration curve for LED brightness levels.

3.6 Method of Data Collection, Visualization, and Analysis

3.6.1 Data Collection

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Catch Data: Document catch data, including species, size, and quantity, using manual

observation or automated systems. This information provides insights into fishing success rates

and target species behavior.

Catch Performance

Fish All Types Fishes

Quantity (kg) 10 – 60 kg

Time spent in one attempt 5 minutes

Time of Work 22 %

Operating cost: at quantity

Bait 10 – 50 kg x 100

Fuel of the Boat

Economic analysis:

Lifespan of the Machine 10 x 365 days

Internal rate of return (%)

Breakeven point (batches/year) 10 yrs

3.6.2 Data Visualization

A line graph serves as an effective tool for illustrating the catch rates of each fish

species collected. This graph will compare the fish caught using traditional longline

methods with those caught using LED longline methods, demonstrating the efficiency

and effectiveness of catch rates, as well as the ease of use in fishing.

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3.6.3 Data Analysis

The collected data were analyzed through comparison and calculation as follows:

Manufacturing cost and Operating cost – A survey will be undertaken to collect and

analyze the required data for determining the manufacturing expenses.

Ease of Use - A survey will be conducted among the intended users.

Performance test - A test will be performed to obtain the essential parameters and

assess the effectiveness of the electric motor, LED brightness, and the compressor.

Bibliography

@ BFAR WEB

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