Cambridge International AS & A Level

CHEMISTRY 9701/41
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 100

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2022 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 15 printed pages.

© UCLES 2022 [Turn over

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

© UCLES 2022 Page 2 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

 The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
 Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
 Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
 Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
 Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

© UCLES 2022 Page 3 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

© UCLES 2022 Page 4 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a) M1 Hlatt and Hhyd decrease / both become less exothermic / less negative 3

M2 Hlatt decreases / changes less/becomes less exothermic by a smaller extent OR Hhyd decreases / changes
more / dominant factor

M3 Hsol becomes less exothermic / less negative

OR Hsol becomes (more) endothermic / (more) positive
OR Hsol = Hhyd – Hlatt expression AND reaction becomes less exothermic

1(b) Mg: fizzing 1

Ba: (fizzing and) white solid/ppt forms

1(c) M1 solubility of BaSO4 2

= √1.08  10–10 = 1.04  10–5 (mol dm–3)

M2 = 1.04  10–5  233.4 / 10 = 2.43  10–4 (g per 100 cm3 of solution) min 2sf

1(d)(i) –1473 = 180 + 503 + 965 + Hof – 2469 3


Hof of SO42–(g) = –652 kJ mol–1

M1 correct five values used [1]

M2 only correct five values used [1]
M3 correct signs and evaluation [1]

1(d)(ii)  BaSO4 is more negative/bigger 2

 as Ba2+ is smaller OR Ba2+ has a larger charge
 stronger force of attraction between the ions

One mark for two correct

Two marks for all three correct

© UCLES 2022 Page 5 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(e)(i) M1 Go = 0 so T = Hro / So 2

M2
T = 132 / 0.616 = 214.3 K
T = –58.7 °C min 2sf

1(e)(ii) M1 So = (203 + (70  8) + (2  192)) – (427 – (2  95)) = +530 J K–1 mol–1 3

M2 Go = Ho – TSo

M3 Go = 133 – (298  0.530) = –24.9 kJ mol–1 ecf 1dp min

Question Answer Marks

2(a) forms one or more stable ions / compounds / oxidation states 1

with incomplete / partially filled (3)d-orbital(s) / d-shell / d-subshell

2(b) 1

OR

2(c)(i) the catalyst and the reactants are in a different state / phase 1

2(c)(ii) M1 adsorption of reactants to the surface of the catalyst 3

M2 bonds in the reactants weaken (lowering the activation energy)
M3 reaction occurs and the products are desorbed

© UCLES 2022 Page 6 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

2(d) M1 reaction 1: 2KMnO4 + H2SO4  Mn2O7 + H2O + K2SO4 2

OR 2KMnO4 + 2H2SO4  Mn2O7 + H2O + 2KHSO4

M2 reaction 2: Mn2O7  2MnO2 + 1.5O2

2(e)(i) M1 [Mn(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH–  Mn(OH)2 + 6H2O 2

M2 precipitation / acid-base / deprotonation

2(e)(ii) M1 [Mn(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl–  [MnCl4]2– + 6H2O 2

M2 ligand exchange / substitution / replacement / displacement

2(e)(iii) MnO2 AND redox 1

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) evidence of tangent drawn at t = 40 s and calculation of gradient 1

= 0.000170 (mol dm–3 s–1) min 2sf

3(a)(ii) M1 evidence of construction lines and calculation of two t1/2 2

OR evidence of construction lines and times for halving of concentration

M2 deduction: constant half-life / constant time between halving of concentration  1st order

3(b) M1 two half-lives in 320 s so t1 / 2 = 160 s 2

M2 k = 0.693 / 160 = 0.00433 s–1 ecf min 2sf

3(c)(i) voltage / EMF / potential difference when a half-cell is connected to a (standard) hydrogen electrode under standard 1
conditions

3(c)(ii) ions move (from the salt bridge) to maintain charge balance / complete the circuit 1

© UCLES 2022 Page 7 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(c)(iii) 3

Pt, H2(g), good delivery system, 298 K, 1 atm

Pt, Cr2O72-(aq), H+(aq) / Cr3+(aq), 1 mol dm–3 seen once, voltmeter

three for one mark, six for two marks, nine for three marks

3(c)(iv) SHE labelled negative AND arrow in the external circuit moving away from this electrode 1

3(d)(i) M1 Cr2O72– + 3CH3CHO + 8H+ ⇌ 2Cr3+ + 3CH3COOH + 4H2O 2

ALLOW Cr2O72– + 3CH3CHO + 5H+ ⇌ 2Cr3+ + 3CH3COO– + 4H2O

M1 Ecello = +2.27 (V)

3(d)(ii) M1 Go = -nFEcello 2

M2 Go = –4  96 500  2.01 = –775 860 J mol–1
Go = –776 kJ mol–1 min 3sf

© UCLES 2022 Page 8 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(a)  five 3d orbitals in the isolated Fe2+ ion of same energy 2

 splitting two higher and three lower d orbitals
 energy of non-degenerate d orbitals in the complex more than degenerate d orbitals in isolated ion

two for one mark, three for two marks

4(b)(i) M1 (a species) that donates / uses two lone pairs 2

M2 to form dative / coordinate bonds to a metal atom / metal ion / TM / TE / metal

4(b)(ii) 3

M1 one correct 3D diagram with three bipy ligands

M2 both diagrams correct
M3 optical isomerism

4(c) [Fe(CN)6]3– AND equilibrium lies most to the left / lowest Eo value 1

4(d) M1 N sp2 AND C sp2 3

M2  bonds are formed by end-on-end overlap orbitals between C-H / C-C / C-N
M3  bonds are formed by sideways overlap of p orbitals between C-N / C-C

© UCLES 2022 Page 9 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(e) 3

M1 first curly arrow to Cl+

M2 correct intermediate
M3 second curly arrow AND H+ formed / lost

Question Answer Marks

5(a) M1 benzoic acid > phenol > phenylmethanol 3

M2 / M3 Any two of:

 in benzoic acid negative inductive effect of C=O AND O-H bond is weakened
OR due to delocalisation of minus charge by C=O / 2O carboxylate ion is stabilised
 in phenol lone pair on oxygen is delocalised into the ring AND O-H bond is weakened
 in phenyl methanol positive inductive effect of CH2 group AND O-H bond is strengthened

5(b) 3
benzoic acid phenylmethanol phenol

Na(s)   

NaOH(aq)   

Na2CO3(aq)   

Three correct for one mark, six correct for two marks, nine correct for three marks

© UCLES 2022 Page 10 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5(c)(i) POCl3 and HCl AND SO2 and HCl 1

5(c)(ii) all the by-products / SO2 and HCl are gaseous OR no liquid by-products formed 1

5(d)(i) 4

On the left-hand side:

 lone pair on O
 correct arrow from O to C (of C=O)
 dipole on C=O
 correct arrow on C=O
M1 / M2 Two correct for one mark, four correct for two marks

On the right-hand side:

M3 correct intermediate
M4 arrow from lone pair on O– to C-O bond AND arrow from C-Cl to Cl

5(d)(ii) addition-elimination 1

© UCLES 2022 Page 11 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5(e)(i) 2

OR

5(e)(ii) hydrolysis OR heating in dilute acid / alkali 1

Question Answer Marks

6(a) a mixture containing equal amounts of each optical isomer 1

6(b) 1
carbon‑13 NMR proton NMR

number of peaks in CDCl3 4 5

6(c)(i) the pH at which an amino acid exists as a zwitterion 1

OR
the pH at which an amino acid has no overall charge

© UCLES 2022 Page 12 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(c)(ii) 1

6(d) 2

M1 peptide bond displayed

M2 rest of the structure correct + continuation bonds

6(e) 3
spot identity

E Asn

F Lys-Asn

G Lys

M1 table correctly completed

M2 Lys and Lys-Asn are positively charged OR Asn is (nearly) uncharged
M3 Lys-Asn has the highest Mr

6(f)(i) aluminum oxide / silica (on solid support) AND inert gas / named inert gas e.g. N2 1

6(f)(ii) S AND Rf is the same as the unknown amino acid in both solvents 1
© UCLES 2022 Page 13 of 15
9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(g) mass of L = 58 / 44 * 5.52  10–2 = 7.28  10–2 g 1

conc. of L = 7.28  10–2 / 116 = 6.27  10–4 (mol dm–3) min 2sf

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) phenylamine AND amine AND ester 1

7(a)(ii) sp carbons = 0, sp2 carbons = 7, sp3 carbons = 6 1

7(b) 6 1

7(c) lone pair on the N can accept a proton 1

7(d)(i) 1

7(d)(ii) step 1 M1 concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4 2

step 2 M2 hot (alkaline) KMnO4 (followed by addition of H+)

7(e) step 4 M1 HOCH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2 3

step 5 M2 Sn AND HCl

M3 concentrated (HCl) AND heat / reflux

7(f)(i) M1 ratio of the concentration of a solute in two solvents 2

M2 at equilibrium

© UCLES 2022 Page 14 of 15

9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7(f)(ii) M1 Kpc = [procaine]oct / [procaine]water 2

1.77 = (x / 50)/(0.5 – x / 75)
M2 1.77 = 1.5x / 0.5 – x
0.885 –1.77x = 1.5x
x = 0.271 g min 2sf

© UCLES 2022 Page 15 of 15