Unit 4: Cellular Exchange

1. Which of the following best describes hypertonic solutions?

A. They contain more solute than the solution they are being compared to.
B. They contain more solvent than the solution they are being compared to.
C. They contain more sodium chloride than the solution they are being compared to.
D. They contain more sugar than the solution they are being compared to.

2. A large molecule such as a protein would be most likely to leave a cell through the process of
.
A. facilitated diffusion
B. osmosis
C. exocytosis
D. endocytosis

3. You have 2 isotonic solutions. If you add water to one of the solutions you make that solution
.
A. isotonic
B. hypotonic
C. hypertonic
D. None of the above

4. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
A. simple diffusion
B. osmosis
C. facilitated diffusion
D. phagocytosis

5. Which of the following does NOT require an input of energy?

A. Exocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Passive transport
D. Active transport

6. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

A. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
B. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
C. keeps the cell wall in place
D. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell
7. Which of the following is NOT found in the cell membrane?
A. carbohydrate chains
B. cellulose
C. cholesterol
D. lipids

8. Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP?

A. facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel
B. movement of water into a cell
C. movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian
cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid
D. movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a solution containing
a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell

9. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the selective permeability of the cell
membrane?
A. Small molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane
B. Nonpolar molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane
C. Polar molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane
D. Some molecules can pass through proteins embedded in the cell membrane

10. Which choice best describes diffusion?

A. particles move from high to low concentration using energy
B. particles move from low to high concentration using energy
C. particles move from high to low concentration without using energy
D. particles move from low to high concentration without using energy

11. Which component of the cell membrane is used to identify the cell?
A. proteins
B. carbohydrates
C. cholesterol
D. phospholipids

12. What part of the cell membrane is most important for facilitated diffusion to occur?
A. cholesterol
B. glycoproteins
C. protein channels
D. hydrophobic lipid tails
13. What process is being shown in this picture?

A. Osmosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Endocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

14. What would happen if the cell membrane became impermeable?

A. only small, non-polar molecules would be able pass through the membrane
B. only water would exit the cell
C. nothing would enter or exit the cell
D. everything would be able to enter and exit the cell

15. What would happen if you put a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?
A. It would shrivel
B. It would burst
C. It would not change
D. It would swell, but its cell wall would prevent it from bursting

16. Water diffuses into or out of a cell directly through

A. the protein pump aquaporin
B. the protein channel aquaporin
C. phospholipid bilayer
D. vesicles during endocytosis

17. What controls the passage of substances into and out of plant cells?
A. the cell surface membrane
B. the cellulose cell wall
C. the chloroplasts
D. the vacuole
18. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water molecules will tend to:
A. move across the membrane out of the cell, causing it to shrivel
B. move across the membrane into the cell, causing it to burst
C. remain evenly distributed on both sides of the cell membrane
D. move against its concentration

19. What is the surface area to volume ratio for a cubic cell with side lengths of 4 micrometers?
A. 1.5: 1
B. 1: 1.5
C. 1: 4
D. 4: 1

20. The process by which water enters a cell by diffusion is called

A. active transport
B. endocytosis
C. exocytosis
D. osmosis

21. When a cell is placed inside of a hypertonic solution the water molecules will...
A. Not move out of the cell
B. Move across the membrane into the cell
C. Move across the membrane out of the cell
D. Move against the concentration gradient

22. Which molecule would pass most easily through the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion?

A. A large, uncharged molecule

B. A small, uncharged molecule
C. A large, charged molecule
D. A large, uncharged molecule
23. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials
from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. bilipids
D. proteins

24. Phospholipids have a __________ head and a ___________ tail.

A. hydrophobic, non-polar
B. hydrophilic, hydrophobic
C. hydrophobic, polar
D. hydrophobic, hydrophilic

25. You have a chunk of potato cells in an isotonic solution. What can you do to
make the cells gain mass?
A. add more solution
B. remove some solution
C. add salt to solution
D. add water to solution

26. A protein that creates a high concentration of particles on one side of a

membrane would best be classified as a
A. Carrier (typically bind to other compounds to facilitate passage through
the membrane)
B. Pump (relies on a gradient to work)
C. channel (have a fixed conformation in the cell membrane)
D. vesicle

27. What is the structure of a single phospholipid?

A. hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails
B. hydrophilic tails, hydrophobic head
C. hydrophilic head and tails
D. hydrophobic head and tails

5
28. Active transport is required to move a substance:
A. From outside the cell to the inside
B. From low concentration to high concentration
C. From high concentration to low concentration
D. From inside a cell to the outside

29. Which of the following cellular structures aids in protection and support of the
cell and regulates what enters and leaves the cell?
A. The cell membrane
B. The nucleus
C. The cytoplasm
D. The endoplasmic reticulum

30. What do the three transport processes illustrated below have in common?

A. All three require a transport protein that will change shape

B. All three require the use of energy from ATP
C. The molecules that are shown are moving against the concentration
gradient
D. All three require proteins that are specific for the molecule being
transported

31. Endocytosis, exocytosis, and active transport:

A. All require ATP
B. Are all forms of passive transport
C. Do not require ATP

6
 D. Are all forms of diffusion

32. Which of the following is true about the fluid mosaic model?
A. a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates
B. None of the options
C. only carbohydrates and phospholipids
D. diverse proteins embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer

33. Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be
transported into the cell by
A. osmosis
B. endocytosis
C. exocytosis
D. diffusion

34. Which of the following statements reveals how facilitated diffusion differs from
simple diffusion?
A. Particles move through cell membranes without the use of energy.
B. Particles tend to move from high concentration to lower concentration.
C. Particles move within channel proteins that pass through cell
membranes.
D. Particles tend to move more slowly that they would be expected to move.

35. The process of ingesting liquid into a cell is known as ___________.

A. active transport
B. diffusion
C. phagocytosis
D. pinocytosis

36. The process of a cell ingesting a solid particle is known as _________.

A. exocytosis
B. diffusion
C. phagocytosis
D. pinocytosis

7
37. Which of the following statements is true of molecules that are transported with
carrier proteins?
A. Carrier proteins are used only in active transport
B. Carrier proteins are used only in passive transport
C. Carrier proteins are used in both active and passive transport
D. Carrier proteins are not used in either active or passive transport

38. The main function of the cell membrane is to...

A. Make energy for the cell
B. Finish and package proteins
C. Produce ribosomes
D. maintain homeostasis for the cell

39. Bacteria being destroyed by a white blood cell would require which form of
cellular transport?
A. phagocytosis
B. exocytosis
C. molecular transport
D. facilitated diffusion

40. Which type of molecule would be most likely to require the process of
exocytosis to leave the cell?
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. a protein
D. water

41. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic
pressure causes
A. water to move into the cell
B. water to move out of the cell
C. solutes to move into the cell
D. solutes to move out of the cell

8
42. If a large particle needs to leave the cell, it will do using
A. energy and endocytosis
B. energy and exocytosis
C. no energy and exocytosis
D. no energy and endocytosis

43. Diffusion occurs because

A. molecules are attracted to one another
B. molecules constantly move and collide with each other
C. cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other
D. cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane

44. Oxygen moves through stomata from a high concentration in the air to a lower
concentration in the leaf. This is an example of which type of transport?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Ion pumps

45. Which of the following best describes the structure of a single phospholipid?
A. one hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails
B. two hydrophilic tails and one hydrophobic head
C. one hydrophobic head and three hydrophilic tails
D. three hydrophilic tails and one hydrophobic head

46. Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

A. oxygen diffusing in the blood stream
B. sodium/potassium channels
C. water diffusing into a root
D. glucose diffusing into intestinal cells

9
47. A chunk of potato tissue was weighed and placed in a 0.5 molar sucrose
solution. After several hours, the potato tissue was weighed again and was
found to have lost 15% of its mass. Which of the following is a valid explanation
for the results obtained?
A. random error
B. water diffused out of the potato cells
C. sucrose diffused out of the potato cells
D. roughly 15% of the cells in the potato tissue died

48. Contractile vacuoles and lysosomes get rid of materials out of the cell. This
process is called
A. Endocytosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis

49. Which of the following processes require energy?

A. endocytosis
B. facilitated diffusion
C. passive transport
D. osmosis

50. In _________________ , particles move from greater concentration to lower

concentration until equilibrium is reached.
A. Exocytosis
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. None of the above

51. Which of the following processes is dependent upon the golgi apparatus for
transport of materials across the cell membrane?
A. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
B. Pinocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Exocytosis

10
52. Which of the following is a component of the cell membrane?

A. Nucleic acid
B. Glucose
C. Hemoglobin
D. Cholesterol

53. Cells in the small intestine must constantly pump in as many nutrients
(glucose, amino acids, etc.) as possible so the body can function normally, this
process should be:
A. facilitated diffusion because glucose and amino acids are small polar
molecules
B. active transport to keep a high concentration of nutrients inside cells
C. simple diffusion because molecules can move freely and more efficiently
this way
D. osmosis to make sure the cells take in enough water

54. In neurons (brain cells) sodium and potassium ions move across the cell
membrane in order to ready the cell to send an action potential (signal). Almost
all of the sodium ions move out of the cell and almost all of the potassium ions
enter the cell. What type of movement across the membrane would allow this
to occur?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Osmosis
55. A paramecium (animal-like protist) will not burst when water enters its cell
because
A. water is diffusing OUT of the cell
B. of its cell wall
C. of its contractile vacuole
D. of its cell membrane

11
56. What process is illustrated by this picture?

A. Diffusion
B. Endocytosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

57. Which of the following processes uses a carrier protein to help transport
substances across the cell's plasma membrane?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Na+ and K+ exchange pump
D. None of the above

58. If the cell membrane does not allow entry and exit of molecules, what would
you call this?
A. layered
B. rigid
C. impermeable
D. nonpolar

12
59. Which process is shown below?

A. Diffusion
B. Endocytosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

60. Which process is shown below?

A. Diffusion
B. Endocytosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

13