LIFE AND

WORKS OF
RIZAL
RIZAL LAW
▪ Rizal Law – RA 1425
- Rizal Bill – authored by Claro M. Recto
- Sponsored by Sen. Jose P. Laurel
- Ratified on June 26, 1956
- Signed by President Magsaysay
- Implemented on August 15, 1956
RIZAL AS NATIONAL HERO

▪ Head: William Howard Taft

Filipino members:
American members:
W. Morgan Shuster Trinidad Padro Tavera
Bernard Moses Gregorio Araneta
Dean Worsester Cayetano Arellano
Henry Clay Ide Jose Luzuriaga
RIZAL AS NATIONAL HERO

CHOICES: CRITERIA:
Marcelo H. Del Pilar Filipino
Graciano Lopez Jaena Already Dead
Jose Rizal Great love for country
Antonio Luna
Good Temperance
Emilio Jacinto
Died in a dramatic way
WHO IS JOSE RIZAL
Name: José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
Birthdate: June 19, 1861
Birth Place: Calamba, Laguna
Baptismal date: June 22, 1861
Baptized by: Rev. Rufino Collantes
Godfather: Rev. Pedro Casañas
Death Anniversary: December 30, 1869
WHO IS JOSE RIZAL
Jose - from the devotee San Jose
Protacio - from the old calendar
Alonzo - surename of his mother
Realonda - surename of his mother's godmother
Mercadoa merchant.
Rizal - "Ricial" which means " the green of
young growth" or "green fields"
FAMILY TREE

DOMINGO LAMCO – Paternal Ascendant

- A full-blood Chinese from
- married a half-Chinese lady named Ines de la Rosa
in late 16th century
- He took the last name Mercado in early 17th
century
FAMILY TREE

EUGENIO URSUA – Maternal Ascendant

- Rizal Family’s Maternal Ascendant
- A full-blood Japanese
- Married a Filipina named Benigna
FAMILY TREE
TEODORA ALONZO
- born in Manila
- a woman of more than ordinary culture
- knows literature and Speaks Spanish
FRANCISCO MERCADO
- father of Rizal
- Jose inherited his profound sense of self-respect, the love
for work, and the habit of independent thinking from
- finished Philosophy and Letters in San Juan de Letran.
-
FAMILY TREE

Saturnina Jose Rizal

Paciano Conception
Narcisa Josefa
Olympia Trinidad
Lucia Soledad
Maria
19TH CENTURY RELIGIOUS CONTEXT
- Frailocracia - rise of the
ECONOMIC CONTEXT power of the friars
- Galleon Trade POLITICAL CONTEXT
- Encomienda System - Cabeza de barangay
- Tributo - Gobernadorcillo
- Polo y Servicio - Alkalde Mayor
- Bandala System - Royal Audiencia
- Tobacco Monopoly - Visita
- Residencia
19TH CENTURY

CLASS SYSTEM
Peninsulares – Spanish born in Spain
Insulares – Spanish born in the Philippines
Mestizo de Espanol – Half-Filipino, Half Spanish
Mestizo de Sangley – Half Filipino, Half Chinese
Indio – Filipino
Principalia – Philippine nobility
CHILDHOOD OF RIZAL
First Teacher – mother Uncle Jose - arts
Rizal’s Pony – Alipato Uncle Manuel - developed
Rizal’s Dog – Usman his physique
ABAKADA – 3 years old
Nickname - Ute and Pepe Uncle Gregorio - reading
First Sorrow - Death of Concha
Sa Aking Kabata - love to ones language (8 years old)
- ang hindi marunong magmahal sa sariling wika ay higit
pa sa malansang isda
EDUCATION
Leon Monroy – Latin tutor who died after 5 months
FIRST FORMAL EDUCATION
- Binan, Laguna
- Justiniano Aquino Cruz - Spanish and Latin teacher
- Juancho – painting
- Lucas Padua – tutor in Calamba
- Pedro – student who bullied Rizal
- Bapor Talim – boat where Rizal rode back home
FIRST TASTE OF INJUSTICE

Arrest of his mother (45 y/o)

- Walk 50 kilometers in Laguna
- Imprisoned for 2 ½ years without trial
- Rizal was 11 years old

The Death of GOMBURZA

HIGHER EDUCATION

ATENEO MUNICPAL DE MANILA

- Colegio de San Juan de Letran (supposedly first
school)
- Fr. Magin Ferrando – refused Rizal because of being
late in registration and his size
- Fr. Manuel Xeres Burgos – helped Rizal
- Enrolled Bachelor of Arts
- Calle Caraballo, Sta. Cruz – boarding house of Rizal
HIGHER EDUCATION
Jesuit System of Education
- Romans (boarders)
- Carthaginians (non-boarders)
Ranking of two Atenean empires
1. Emperor
2. Tribune
3. Decurion
4. Centurion
5. Standard-bearer
HIGHER EDUCATION
Teachers of Rizal
- Fr. Jose Bech - first teacher
- Jose Villaclara and Augustin Saez - drawing and painting
- Romualdo de Jesus - sculpture
- Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez -favorite teacher of Rizal
Books Read by Rizal
- Count of Monte Cristo – Alexander Dumas
- Travel in the Philippines - Dr. Feodor Jagor
- Universal History - Cesar Cantu
HIGHER EDUCATION
First Year in Ateneo
- Emperor of Carthaginians
- Private lessons in Colegio de Santa Isabel
- His grades were Sobresaliente
- Second place in the overall
HIGHER EDUCATION
Second Year in Ateneo
- Regained lost leadership in class
- Some of his new classmates were his
classmates in Biñan.
HIGHER EDUCATION
Third Year in Ateneo
- won one medal in Latin but all his grades
were in excellent.
HIGHER EDUCATION
Fourth Year in Ateneo
- Became Roman (Interno)
- He won five medals and excellent ratings.
- “the pride of the Jesuits”
Sculptures
- Virgin Mary on a Batikuling wood
- Sacred Heart of Jesus
HIGHER EDUCATION
GRADUATION
- highest grades in in all subjects
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - classmate of his sister
and his first love
HIGHER EDUCATION
EXTRA CURRICULAR
- became a member of Marian Congregation,
Academy for Spanish Literature and Natural
Sciences.
SOME OF HIS POEM
- Mi Primera Inspirasyon - dedicated to his mother
- Felicitacion - dedicated to his brother in-law
UST
• Enrolled Philosophy and Letters in UST
(1877-1878)
• Enrolled also in Ateneo with the course
“Perito Agrimensor”
• Decided to shift in medical course in the
same school (UST) as advised by Father
Pablo Ramon
UST
• Jose M. Cecilio (Chenggoy) – Rizal’s
bestfriend
• First taste of brutality
• Wrote the first Spanish poem written by
Filipino “La Juventud Filipina”
• Prize is silver pen, feather-shaped and
decorated with a gold ribbon.
UST
• At 17, he passed the final examination in the
surveying course and granted the title as
surveyor in November 25, 1881.
UST
• El Consejo delos Dioses – an allegorical drama
of Rizal in honor of Cervantes which won the
first place (gold ring)
• Indio Chongo – names called to the Filipinos
• Kastila Bangus – names called to Spanish
Student
• Compañerismo – group of Filipino students
that he established (Companions of Jehu)
UST
Rizal once referred on his diary, “unhappy days at
UST” because;
(1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him
(2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards
(3) the method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive
UST

1882 - Rizal decided to leave the university with 19

finished subjects of his medical course because he
could no longer endure the rampant bigotry,
discrimination, and hostility of Dominican professors
in the university.
FIRST TRAVEL
May 3, 1882 - Rizal left the Philippines
Phi l i ppi ne s - S i n g a p or e - C e y l on - N a p l e s , I t a l y -
Marseilles, France - Barcelona - Madrid
SS Salvadora - steamer Rizal rode from Philippines to
Singapore
Djemnah - French steamer Rizal rode from Singapore to
France
Jose used Mercado as his surname to avoid suspicion
FIRST TRAVEL
BARCELONA – City of Freedom and Liberalism
• Amor Patria - first essay written in Spain under the
pen name Laong Laan.
• welcomed by his former classmates in Ateneo and
gave him a party at Plaza de Cataluña
FIRST TRAVEL
MADRID
• Universidad Central de Madrid - where Rizal studies
- Medicine
- Philosophy and Letters
PAST TIME
- painting
- sculpture
- fencing, shooting, visiting museums
FIRST TRAVEL
Allowance – 35 pesos
Only Vice of Rizal – Lottery
Heretics - individuals who hold beliefs or engage in
practices that are contrary to the church,
Filibuster - Refers to individuals involved in
revolutionary activities or who oppose the
government
FIRST TRAVEL
Books Rizal Read
- History of French Revolution
- The Wandering Jew
- Uncle Tom’s Cabin of Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Hebrew Grammar
- Complete Works of Voltaire
- Ancient Poetry
FIRST TRAVEL
- Joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino - social
organization for Filipinos in Spain
- composed the poem Me Piden Versos (They
asked me for verses) on New Years Eve
FIRST TRAVEL
- Rizal met Consuelo Ortega y Perez and courted
her through a lovely poem, A La Señorita C.O.Y
P.
- But their love did not last because his friend
Eduardo de Lete was courting Consuelo and he
was engaged to Leonor Rivera.
FIRST TRAVEL
- Joined Masonic Lodge Acacia - pen name is
Dimasalang
- Masonry - social movement in Europe fighting for
equality and freedom of expression
- Finished his two degree but no diploma for
Medicine
FIRST TRAVEL
1883
- heard the news about their financial and land
problems in Laguna
- the harvests of rice and sugarcane failed on
account of drought and locusts in Calamba
- the manager of the Dominican-owned hacienda
increased the rentals of the lands of Rizal family.
FIRST TRAVEL
INQUILINOS - rich natives who became tenants
with wide lands such as of Rizal family
FRAILOCRACIA - dominance of friars power and
control the rent of lands
- Because of the problem in Calamba, Rizal
experienced to have late monthly allowances
FIRST TRAVEL
BRINDIS - controversial speech on party held at
Restaurant Ingles to celebrate the triumph of Luna
and Hidalgo who won on a arts contest in Madrid
FIRST TRAVEL
PARIS
- costliest capital of Europe
- Rizal work as assistant of Dr. Louis de Weckert
(ophthalmologist)
- Throughout his past times in Paris, he visited
his friends like the Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna
and Felix Hidalgo.
FIRST TRAVEL
PARIS
Rizal pose on the paintings of Juan Luna
- “The Death of Cleopatra” ( Egyptian priest)
- “The Blood Compact” - posed as Sikatuna).
MUSIC
- composed Alin Mang Lahi
LANGUAGE
- master 22 languages
FIRST TRAVEL

GERMANY
• have formal studies and worked under Dr. Otto
Becker in the University Eye Hospital
• attended lectures from Prof. Wilhelm Kuehme
about Ophthalmology
FIRST TRAVEL
GERMANY
• A Las Flores de Heidelberg - a poem of Rizal on
the blue flower (“Forget-me-not”)
• Wrote his first letter in German to Prof. Ferdinand
Blumentritt, an Austrian Ethnologist who latter
become his best friend
• Transferred to Wilhelmsfeld and stayed in the house
of the house of Dr. Karl Ullmer for 3 months
FIRST TRAVEL
GERMANY
• Transferred to Wilhelmsfeld and stayed in the house
of the house of Dr. Karl Ullmer for three months.
• Translated the “William Tell” of Schiller and
“Fairy Tales” of Hans Christian Andersen
• described German women as smart,active and
educated
FIRST TRAVEL
BERLIN, GERMANY
Five reasons why Rizal lived in Berlin:
• to gain further knowledge in ophthalmology,
• to further studies of sciences and languages,
• to observe the economic political conditions of the German
nation,
• to associate with famous German scientists and scholars;
and
• to publish his first written novel.
FIRST TRAVEL

BERLIN, GERMANY
• Rizal was invited by Dr. Rudolf Virchow to give a
lecture in Ethnographic Society of Berlin.
• He wrote a scholarly paper in German, “Tagalische
Verkunst” and read on the society in April 1887.
• Worked as an assistant to the clinic of Dr.
Schweigger in Berlin
FIRST TRAVEL

BERLIN, GERMANY
1886
- Rizal experienced the darkest winter in his life
- Rizal lived in poverty
- wrote half of Noli in Madrid
- wrote the last few chapters of the novel in
Wilhelmsfeld
FIRST TRAVEL
BERLIN, GERMANY
Maximo Viola
- rich Bulakenyo who became the savior of Noli
- lend Rizal 300 pesos for the publication of 2000
copies of the novel
- February 21, 1887 - Noli was published at Berliner
Buchdrukerei actien-Gesselschaft.
FIRST TRAVEL

GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA IN EUROPE

Dresden,Germany
- visit Dr. Adolph Meyer and Dr.
- Feodor Jagor. They toured also to Potsdam and
visitedsome museums
FIRST TRAVEL

GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA IN EUROPE

CZECH REPUBLIC
- met Ferdinand Blumentritt.
- he speak in a meeting of Tourists’ Club of Leitmeritz and
the audience was fascinated by his German speaking
skills.
- he met the eminent naturalist, Prof. Robert Klutschak and
Dr. Carlos Czepelak.
FIRST TRAVEL

GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA IN EUROPE

AUSTRIA
- they saw the churches, theaters, art galleries and
museums in Vienna.
- they stayed at Hotel Metropole and met the novelist
Norfenfals and scholars Masner and Nordmann
FIRST TRAVEL

GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA IN EUROPE

MUNICH, GERMANY
Nuremberg - the oldest city in the country. They observed
the torture machines used during the Catholic Inquisition in
Europe and the huge manufacturing of dolls.
Ulm Cathedral - tallest cathedral in Germany
FIRST TRAVEL

GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA IN EUROPE

SWITZERLAND
Rheinfall - largest water falls in Europe
Geneva - Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday with Viola
- in a lake tour and heard sad news about the Igorots
who were exhibited in the Madrid Exposition. Later, he
expressed his anger to Blumentritt.
- Rizal and Viola parted ways
FIRST TRAVEL

GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA IN EUROPE

ITALY
- Rizal continued his tour in Italy
- went to Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence.
- On the June 27, 1887, he reached the “Eternal City” of
Rome and visited the St. Peter’s Church and St. Peter’s
Square in Vatican (“City of Popes”) after two days.
FIRST TRAVEL

GOING BACK TO PHILIPPINES

- From Italy, Rizal left Rome via train to Marseilles.
He sailed and landed to Saigon, Vietnam through
the steamer “Djemnah” on July 3, 1887.
- He reached Manila on August 5 through steamer,
“Haiphong” from Vietnam.
FIRST HOMECOMING

Decided to go back to the Philippines to:

• to operate mother’s eyes
• to find out Noli’s effects
• to know about why Leonor Rivera become silent
• to serve Calamba’s townsmen