Contents

1. GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 2
2. LOADING ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Load case............................................................................................................................................ 4
a) Gravity Loads................................................................................................................................. 4
b) Lateral Load ................................................................................................................................... 4
3. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS ...................................................................................................................... 5
a) Concrete ............................................................................................................................................ 5
b) Reinforcement .................................................................................................................................. 5
4. SAFETY FACTORS ................................................................................................................................... 5
a) Safety factors used for load case ...................................................................................................... 5
b) safety factors used for strength of materials.................................................................................... 5
5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACH ......................................................................................................... 5
a) Slab design ........................................................................................................................................ 5
b) Beam and column design .................................................................................................................. 5
c) Foundation design ............................................................................................................................ 5
d) Stair case design................................................................................................................................ 6
6. STRUCTURAL SOFTWARES .................................................................................................................... 6
7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 34

1
 1. GENERAL
From basic definition design means to balance safety and economy. By safety, it is to mean that
the structure and any of its parts should be designed to be safe to render its intended purpose
without loss of life and property damage through-out its lifetime. In conjunction with this the
structure should be economical.

Taking this basic concept of design info consideration, structural design of the project is carried
out.

Basically, the analysis and design of the structure was carried out based on the Ethiopian Building
Code of Standard developed by ministry of works and urban development (MOWUD) in 2015
(design code 01 up to 14). In addition, some other codes and text books related to the subject also
referred and applied wherever it is required.

The design follows the following steps

➢ Roof design
➢ slab design (Ground floor to second floor) and Vertical load transfer
➢ lateral load analysis (wind load)
➢ Retaining wall design
➢ Feeding data and drawings obtained from previous steps to ETABS v.18
➢ Design of beam, column, foundation, and detail drawing of reinforcement.
➢ Electrical and Sanitary design.
➢ Cost estimation of the building

Specification

Purpose – Residential building G+3 reinforced concrete solid slab

Method of design- Limit state design method

Material: Concrete – C-20/25, class – I works

Steel S – 500 deformed bars

Partial safety factors: concrete γ c=1.5

Steel γ s=1.15

Unit weight of concrete, γ c=25KN/m3

Supporting ground condition = allowable bearing capacity of the soil is 270 Kpa, that was
determined from Geotechnical Investigation.

2
Design Data and Materials

➢ Concrete
fck = 0.8*25MPa =20MPa
𝟎.𝟔𝟖𝒇𝒄𝒖 𝟎.𝟔𝟖∗𝟐𝟓
𝒇𝒄𝒅 = = =11.33MPa and
𝜸𝒄 𝟏.𝟓

𝟐⁄ 𝟐
𝒇𝒄𝒕𝒌 𝟎.𝟐𝟏∗𝒇𝒄𝒌𝟑 𝟎.𝟐𝟏∗𝟐𝟎 ⁄𝟑
𝒇𝒄𝒕𝒅 = = = =1.03MPa
𝟏.𝟓 𝟏.𝟓 𝟏.𝟓

➢ Steel
fyk= 500MPa
𝒇𝒚𝒌 𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝒇𝒚𝒅 = = 𝟏.𝟏𝟓=434.78MPa
𝜸𝒔

fyd= 434.78MPa

➢ Design loads
pd= γf*Fk

Where Fk = characteristics loads

γf = partial safety factor for loads

= 1.35 for dead loads

= 1.5 for live loads

Seismic condition of the Area

Location Debre Tabor, Zone 0

In this bulletin the following frame section are used for analysis and design of the building.

➢ Grade Beam section =300 x400mm

➢ Intermediate beam section =250 x 350mm
➢ Top tie beam section =200 x350mm
➢ Slab thickness =160mm
➢ Stair waist Thickness = 180mm
➢ Rectangular column section =300mm*400mm
➢ Isolated footing =1300*1300*40mm
➢ Combined Footing 3600*700*50mm

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 2. LOADING
The structures as a whole and its components are designed to resist deferent type of load case
and load combination.

2.1. Load case

There are different types of loads that are applied on the structure. The load which are considered
in the design process are:

a) Gravity Loads
✓ Dead Load (DL)

It is the load case from self- weight of structural element (own weight) and weight of any
finishing material constituting to it (DL)

✓ Live load (LL)

The load case is taken from code EBCS established and appropriate to different function of the
structure as per the AR design.

b) Lateral Load
✓ Earthquake

According to EBCS_8 developed for earthquake loading; the project site is found in seismic
hazard zone-0. therefore, Earthquake analysis is not taken into consideration

2.2 load combinations

Different design loading combination are defined as shown for various factored combination of
the load cases defined above for which the structure is to be checked and design. The design
loading combinations are obtained by multiplying the load case by an appropriate partial safety
factor.

Therefore, the structural elements are checked & designed for the critical loading combination.

The loading combinations considered in the design are:

No. Combination Name Vertical Loading Types of Limit state

1 Combo1 1.35*DL + 1.5*LL Ultimate limit state

2 Combo2 LL+DL Serviceability limit state

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 3. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
Major structure materials considered in the design and their characteristic strength.

a) Concrete
✓ Grade of concrete is C-20/25
✓ Characteristic strength fck=20Mpa
✓ Modulus of Elasticity, Ecm=30Gpa

b) Reinforcement
✓ Yield strength fyk=500Mpa for all structure element except for footings

4. SAFETY FACTORS
The safety factors used in the load combination are taken from Ethiopian Building Code of
Standard, EBCS 2015

a) Safety factors used for load case

✓ Dead load ƔG= 1.35
✓ live load ƔQ= 1.5

b) safety factors used for strength of materials

✓ concrete Ɣc= 1.5
✓ steel Ɣs= 1.15

5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACH

a) Slab design
Slab are analyzed using excel templates and design aid charts given in EBCS-2 2015

b) Beam and column design

Beam and column are modeled three dimensionally using ETABS (Extended Three-Dimensional
Analysis of Building Systems) structural software.

Beams and columns are analyzed and designed to with stand different load cases and load
combinations defined earlier. In reinforcing this structural elements maximum and minimum
reinforcements for longitudinal and shear were checked as per EBCS-2, 2015 detailing
requirements.

c) Foundation design
In order to find the presumed safe bearing capacity of soil under consideration the soil’s
consistency has to be found from the liquid limit, plastic limit, and moisture content. Hence by
referring the laboratory test result the soil bearing capacity is 270 Kpa with 3.0 m depth.

5
Reaction load from superstructure at foundation level are summarized and grouped from ETABS
analysis out and design is carried out using Excel design template.

During excavation if the soil exhibits major change it has to report as soon as possible for
appropriate and timely corrective measures.

d) Stair case design

Slab are analyzed using excel templates and design aid charts given in EBCS-2015

6. STRUCTURAL SOFTWARES
ETABS (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) is a special package for
building analysis and design. The framed structure is analyzed and design three dimensionally
using ETABS

6
STRUCTURAL PLAN
&
ELEVATION

7
1st, 2nd and 3rd floor

8
Elevation/sample

9
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
OF SLAB

10
11
12
 FRAME
LOADING
&
ANALYSIS

13
Dead Load Loading/sample

14
Live Load Loading

15
FRAME
DESIGN
OUTPUT

16
Dominant Axial Force

17
Shear Force Diagram (V2-2)/sample

18
Bending Moment Diagram (m 3-3)

19
DESIGN OF BEAM AND
COLUMN
USING SOFTWARE

20
21
22
 Column
P-M-M
Interaction Ratio/Sample

23
24
25
DESIGN
OF
STAIR

26
27
28
29
 DESIGN
OF
FOUNDATION

30
Isolated footing

31
Combined footing

32
33
 7. Conclusion
The building and all its structural element analyzed and designed based on the requirement and
condition giving in Ethiopian Building Code Standard, EBCS-1995 and EBCS 2015. In addition,
some other codes that are related to EBCS-2015 are also referred in the design process

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