WEST CHESTER UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Title of Data Project: The Association of Sleep and Depression in the US Adult Population
Student Name: Benbriel Towalid
Degree Program: MPH
Semester: Spring 2025
HEA 526 Biostatistics for Public Health
Course Instructor: Ramona Stone, PhD, MPH
Date: 3/17/2025
Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
Table of Contents
Abstract..........................................................................................................................................................3
1. Introduction to the Problem/Issue..........................................................................................................4
2. Methods..................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Study Population..........................................................................................................................5
2.2 Exposure.......................................................................................................................................5
2.3 Disease..........................................................................................................................................5
2.4 Potential Confounding Variables.................................................................................................5
2.5 Statistical Analysis.......................................................................................................................5
3. Results....................................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Univariate Analyses.............................................................................................................................6
Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for US (NHANES 2013-2014)..............................................................7
3.2 Bivariate Analyses...............................................................................................................................8
Table 2. Characteristics of US Adults Ages 20-64 by Exposure Status (NHANES 2013-2014)..........9
Table 3. Characteristics of US Adults Ages 20-64 by Disease Status (NHANES 2013-2014)...........10
3.3 Regression Analysis...........................................................................................................................11
Table 4. Multivariable Unstandardized Regression Coefficients........................................................11
Table 4. Logistic Regression Coefficients...........................................................................................11
4. Discussion............................................................................................................................................12
5. Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................12
References....................................................................................................................................................13
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
Abstract (not for midterm)
Purpose:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusion:
Keywords:
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
1. Introduction to the Problem/Issue
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
2. Methods
2.1 Study Population
2.2 Sleep (Exposure)
2.3 Depression (Disease)
2.4 Potential Confounding Variables
2.5 Statistical Analysis
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
3. Results
3.1 Univariate Analyses
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for US (NHANES 2013-2014)
Variable N Percent or Mean (SD)
Sex (%)
Male
Female
Race (%)
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Non-Hispanic Asian
Hispanic
Other Race
Age (years)
Age (%)
20-29
30-64
Household income (%)
Low ≤ $25,000
Medium $25,000 to < $75,000
High ≥$75,000
Education (%)
Less than High school
High school / GED
Greater than high school
General health condition
Excellent/ very good
Good
Fair/Poor
Exercise at vigorous/moderate level (%)
Yes
No
BMI (kg/m2)
BMI Categories (%)
Normal/underweight
Overweight
Obese
Alcohol > 1 /day (%)
Yes
No
Depression Score (0-27)
Depression score (%)
None (0)
Low (1-4)
Medium (5-9)
High (10-27)
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
3.2 Bivariate Analyses
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
Table 2. Characteristics of US Adults Ages 20-64 by Exposure Status (NHANES 2013-2014)
Variable Total Exposed Not χ2 / F P
Exposed
Female (%)
Race (%)
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Non-Hispanic Asian
Hispanic
Other Race
Age (years)
Age 30-64 (%)
Household income (%)
Low ≤ $25,000
Medium $25,000 to < $75,000
High ≥$75,000
Education (%)
Less than High school
High school / GED
Greater than high school
General health condition (%)
Excellent/ very good
Good
Fair/Poor
Vigorous/moderate exercise (%)
BMI (kg/m2)
BMI categories (%)
Normal/underweight
Overweight
Obese
Depression score (mean)
Depression risk (%)
None (0)
Low (1-4)
Medium (5-9)
High (10-27)
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
MIDTERM ENDS HERE
Table 3. Characteristics of US Adults Ages 20-64 by Disease Status (NHANES 2013-2014)
Variable Total Disease No Disease χ2 / t P
Female (%)
Race (%)
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Non-Hispanic Asian
Hispanic
Other Race
Age (years)
Age groups (%)
20-29
30-64
65+
Household income (%)
Low ≤ $25,000
Medium $25,000 to < $75,000
High ≥$75,000
Education (%)
Less than High school
High school / GED
Greater than high school
General health condition (%)
Excellent/ very good
Good
Fair/Poor
Alcohol >1 / week (%)
Vigorous/moderate exercise (%)
Depression score (mean)
Depression risk (%)
None (0)
Low (1-4)
Medium (5-9)
High (10-27)
BMI (kg/m2)
BMI categories (%)
Normal/underweight
Overweight
Obese
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
3.3 Regression Analysis
Table 4. Multivariable Unstandardized Regression Coefficients
Variables Unstandardized Std Error t P
Coefficients
Constant
Age (years)
High school or greater
Household income $75k+
Moderate/Vigorous exercise
Alcohol drinks/year
Excellent/Very good health
Depression score 10+
Sleeping (hours)
R2 = xx.xx %
OR (“or”, not “and”) – delete the Table 4 that is not the type you need; this way you will automatically
delete it from the Table of Contents too.
Table 4. Logistic Regression Coefficients
Variables Exp(B) Lower Upper p
Unadjusted
Sleep (hours)
Constant
Adjusted
Sleep (hours)
Age 20_29 (RG)
Age 30_64
Age 65+
High school or greater
Household income $75k+
Moderate/Vigorous exercise
Alcohol drinks/year
Excellent/Very good health
Depression score 10+
Constant
Nagelkerke’s R2 = xx.xx %
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
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Student Name: Benbriel Towalid Midterm | Spring 2025 | HEA 526
References
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