Chapter 1

MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS EVENTS

 FUNCTIONS OF SPORTS MANAGEMENTEVENTS:-

In sports events management, key functions include planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, controlling, evaluating, and communicating, all of which
are crucial for a successful event.
Here's a breakdown of these functions:
 Planning:
This involves setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining tasks and
schedules to achieve the desired outcomes.
 Importance: Planning ensures that events run smoothly, effectively, and
without conflicts, forming the foundation for all other management activities.
 Elements: Plans should be specific, follow a logical sequence, be flexible to
adapt to changes, and comprehensive, covering all aspects of the event.
 Role in Sports Events: Effective planning defines aims, goals, and
objectives, including setting timelines, budgets, and necessary
arrangements.
 Organizing:
This function involves structuring the event by identifying roles,
responsibilities, and resources, and creating a clear organizational
structure.
 Importance: A well-organized event ensures efficient execution and smooth
operations.
 Staffing:
This involves recruiting, training, and managing the event staff, ensuring
they are competent and capable of fulfilling their roles.
 Importance: A skilled and motivated staff is essential for a successful event.
 Directing:
This involves guiding, leading, supervising, and motivating the staff to
achieve the event's objectives.
 Importance: Effective direction ensures that everyone is working towards the
same goals and that the event is running smoothly.
 Controlling:
This involves monitoring the event's progress, comparing actual
performance with planned outcomes, and taking corrective actions when
necessary.
 Importance: Controlling helps ensure that the event stays on track and that
problems are identified and resolved promptly.

 What kind of various committees are involved?

1. Organising committee
 The chairperson heads this committee as the overall in-charge of the
tournament. Every part or aspect through which the respective sporting
event is to be conducted are administered/managed by this committee.
2. Finance committee
Every financial aspect of the event falls under this committee. They
ensure that the event goes within the planned budget. This committee
makes all the payments and works as asked and regulated by the
organising committee,
3. Publicity committee
The promotion committee’s role is to provide extensive promotion for
the sporting event. Media aspects such as press releases, press
conferences, and results throughout the meet and promotion relating to
dates, venues, media, posters, printing, etc., are done by this committee.
4. Technical committee
The technical part of the event falls under this committee. This
committee is to create and conduct the event swimmingly. The officers’
are guided well earlier. This is deemed as the important committee in
charge of organising sports events. Qualified and competent people are
made judges and officials. They also compile the results of the
tournament.
5. Reception committee
The responsibility of the reception committee is to ensure that every
special invitee gets welcomed and is brought to the seats reserved for
them. The committee ensures that guests are invited to the event in
advance, and reception is up to the mark. The post-taking teams are
received, and the correct arrangements are made until they depart.
6. Accommodation committee
Arrangements to retain both players and officers fall under this
committee. The accommodation places such as hotels are booked in
advance as per the people expected to take part. The list includes
participants, officials, managers and coaches, etc.
7. Transport committee
This committee’s work is to manage the transportation of players and
officers to the venue of sporting activity and back to the place where
accommodation is organised. It takes care of it before, throughout, and
after the sports event. They have every detail regarding the arrival and
departure of every concerned person so that everything happens on
time.
8. Refreshment committee
Its work is to supply refreshments to the players, officers, and everyone
concerned with the programme. It should be ensured that everybody is
welcome and treated properly, with the appropriate soft drinks. They are
also responsible for breakfast, lunch, and dinner at the place of the
keep. Correct hygienic meals ought to be served.
9. Purchase committee
It is often pre-event work. The responsibility of buying a kit and other
items needed for the tournament is allotted to this committee. They are
also responsible for setting the playing field as per the international
standards and fulfilling the criteria of the game/sports.
10. Awards & prizes committee
This committee purchases prizes based on the number of winners
expected in the event. Also, mementoes for the officials are well-
organised by this committee. To ensure that prizes and awards are
presented on time in the correct number is a responsibility of the awards
& prizes committee.

Objectives of forming various committees:

1. To Reduce Uncertainty
2. The future is often filled with uncertainties. One should perform in any
uncertain situation. Therefore, committees help in foreseeing
uncertainties caused by ever-changing technology, government rules
and regulations, etc.
3. To employ the resources in a very higher manner, coming up with it
builds an effective and correct utilisation of resources. It establishes all
such accessible resources and makes optimum use of them.
3. To increase effectiveness: planning guarantees effectiveness.
Effectiveness makes sure that the planner is in a position to attain its
objective because of the increased potency of the planner and
supporters.

Advantages of having various committees in tournaments:

1. Reduces the value of performance: Planning assists in reducing the
value of performance. It represents the selection of only one course of
action that may result in the most effective end result at the lowest cost.
2. Helps in coordination: Sensible plans unify the division activity and
clearly lay down the world of freedom within the development of varied
sub-plans.
 3. Effective management: Planning and managing area units are
inseparable because unplanned action can’t be managed due to control,
which involves keeping activities on the planned courses by rectifying
deviations from plans.
4. Encourages innovation: Planning helps innovative and inventive thinking
among people as a result of several new concepts returning to the
person’s mind once they’re planning.
5. Increases competitive strength: Effective planning offers a competitive
edge over alternatives that don’t have planning or have ineffective
planning.
 What is tournaments?
 A tournament is a series of games or matches organized to decide a
winner.
 Types of Tournaments:
 Knockout Tournament: Teams are eliminated after a single loss.
 League/Round Robin Tournament: Each team plays every other team
once or twice.
 Challenge Tournament: One player challenges another, with the other
player accepting the challenge.
 Combination Tournament: A mix of knockout and league formats.
 Importance:
 Development of Sports Skills: Tournaments provide opportunities to
develop technical and tactical skills.
 Recreation: They offer a source of entertainment and recreation for
participants and spectators.
 National and International Integration: Sports tournaments can foster
unity and understanding.
 Planning:
 Factors to Consider: The number of participating teams, available
facilities, equipment, and the number of officials are all important factors to
consider when planning a tournament.
 Fixture Drawing: A schedule of matches needs to be created, taking into
account the type of tournament and the number of teams.
 Examples:
Tournaments can be organized at various levels, from inter-school to
national and international competitions.
 What is fixtures?
A fixture is the systematic arrangement of matches or games in a
tournament, league, or competition, outlining the schedule of play
for participating teams.
 What is bye?
 A bye is a privilege offered to a team in the initial rounds of a game
because of which that team gets exempted from playing in the first
round and directly enters the second round.
 Purpose of a Bye:
A bye is a privilege granted to a team, allowing them to bypass the first
round of a knockout tournament.
 When Byes are Used:
Byes are typically assigned when the number of teams participating in a
tournament is not a power of two (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).
 Calculating the Number of Byes:
To determine the number of byes, find the next higher power of two that
is greater than the number of participating teams and subtract the
number of teams from that power of two.
 Example: If there are 13 teams, the next higher power of two is 16
(2^4). Therefore, 16 - 13 = 3 byes.
 Assigning Byes:
Byes are usually assigned randomly or based on seeding (ranking) of
the teams.
 Example:
If you have 11 teams, the next higher power of 2 is 16. The number of
byes would be 16 - 11 = 5.
 Procedure for fixing byes:
 Write the total number of teams on a sheet of paper.
 Draw lots.
 First bye to the last team of the lower half.
 Second bye to the first team of the upper half.
 Third bye to the topmost team of the lower half.
 And so on.

 What is seeding?
Seeding: Seeding is a process by which good teams are fitted in
fixture in such a way that stronger teams do not meet each other
in earlier rounds.
 Purpose:
Seeding aims to prevent the strongest teams or players from meeting
prematurely, allowing them to potentially compete in later rounds like
quarterfinals or semifinals.
 How it works:
 Teams or players are ranked based on their previous performance or skill
level.
 These ranked teams are then placed in the tournament bracket in a way
that the highest-ranked teams avoid each other in the initial rounds.
 Why it's used:
 Keeps the tournament interesting for spectators by ensuring that the top
players/teams are still in contention for a longer period.

 Allows for more opportunities for upsets and unexpected results, as

weaker teams can still have a chance to progress.

 What is special seeding?

In some cases, a special seeding method is used where top-
ranked teams or players are directly placed in the quarter-finals or
semi-finals, bypassing the early rounds.
 Example:
If a knockout tournament has 20 teams, and four teams are to be
specially seeded, these four teams would be placed directly into the
quarter-finals, avoiding the first two rounds.

 What is Intramural and Extramural?

 Intramural: Game played inside the school are called intramural
most of the student of the school participate in it. Example: House
competition school athletic meet etc.
Extramural:- Games played outside the school in any other
institution only chosen students from school participate in it.
 Objectives of Intramural
1. To provide opportunities for the students to organize and
Conduct competition.
2. To provide an experience to participants in competitive sports.
3. To provide an opportunity for leadership and fellowship.
4. To provide an opportunity to develop group spirit.
5. To provide an atmosphere for joy, fun and pleasure of playing
Ones favourite game in a competitive situation.
6. To provide an opportunity to maintain better physical and mental
health though re-creative and competitive situation.
 Objectives of Extramural
1. To Develop brotherhood fraternity and friendship among participating
institutions.
2. To enhance the participation opportunity to talented students to
develop and exhibit their potential fully and achieve excellence.
3. To bring laurels to the institution by registering victory in highest
number of events.
4. To encourage social interaction amongst teams.
5. To provide fun recreation and joy to the greatest possible manner.

 Explain community sports program.

A community sports program is a series of organized sports activities for a
local community. These programs are usually recreational or amateur in
nature.
Purpose To promote health and wellness, To encourage social interaction,
To promote community involvement, and To foster unity and collaboration.
Benefits
 Improved physical health
 Improved mental health
 Skill development
 Fun and enjoyment
 Exposure
 Learning
Features
 Community sports programs are typically rooted within local regions
 They emphasize the integration of diverse participants
 They foster unity and collaboration regardless of skill levels or backgrounds
Examples
 Community sports events are gatherings organized within a local
community to promote physical activity, teamwork, and social interaction
 Specific sports programs may have various objectives such as creating
awareness among people regarding unity, health, and diseases
 Specific sports program
Specific sports programmes are those programmes of sports which are not usually
related to competitions. The programmes have various objectives like creating
awareness, creating a sense of integration among people and raising funds for
charitable organisations.

Various specific sports programmes are as following

1. Health Run: It is organised in almost every part of the world. In India, it is

organised by many states to make people health conscious. For this, WHO
allots sufficient funds to different organisations . These organisations organise
and promote health runs. These health runs lay stress on removing deadly
diseases. Health runs and rallies are organised every year in the world on 1st
December to commemorate AIDS day. These runs give knowledge to people
about AIDS, symptoms and causes and how to take preventive measures.

2. Run for Unity: It is a kind of mass running which generates the feeling of
unity. It is organised by different nations by their Central Government, State
Government, Sports federations etc to create a feeling of oneness among the
people. By organizing such runs, people of all ages from different states come
together and such runs develop the feeling of patriotism in children and
students feel that they all belong to one nation.

3. Run for Awareness: Run for awareness can be organised by educational

institutions to create awareness in the students about sports and games,
about health, about a particular disease, about studies, about environment,
about pollution or some other topic. Such races should be well planned before