II General Introduction Column J Cc>fomn JI

. 1 Force Theory was prop osed by (A) N = C-C H-C = N

Vita
J/i.,,F. (i) CH t(C H:>~C H ,

I
..
~:y
) Kolbe

,.Y'
Berzelius
Wohler
(d) Berthelot.
(NCERT, Page 256) (B) >-<
I
OH
( ij) /'-... /'-... ,A
HO ' vr Y '
[II Tetrava lence of Carbon : Sha pes (C) ~ (iii ) OH

1
' of Org anic Com pounds NC ACN
How many cr and n bond s are present in C H3
l. ? CH3 CH3 (iv) H3C\ /
CHz =CH -CH =CH -CH 3 . I I H-C -C- H
(D) HO(CH2h - CH- CH
(a) 9cr, 4n W 12cr, 2n I H3C/ CH3 "
(c) 12cr, 6.n (d) lOcr, 3n (Page 257) .L . CH 3

i) Which of the follo wing refpresbents the gfiven '{a) (A) ➔ (iii), (B) ➔ (iv), (C) ➔ (i), (D ) ➔ ( ii )
uence of hybr idisa tion? o car on atoms rom (b) (A) ➔ (iv), (B) ➔ (iii), (C) ➔ (ii ), (D) ➔ (i)
(c) (A) ➔ (i), (B) ➔ (ii), (C) ➔ (iv), (D ) ➔ (iii)
seq 2 2
left J9 right sp , sp , sp, sp •
\M" H 2C=C H-C =CH (d) (A) ➔ (ii), (B) ➔ (iii), (C) ➔ (i), (D ) ➔ (iv)
(Page258
(b) HC= C-C H=C H2
(c) H 3C-C H=C H-C H3 7. Which of the following corre ctly matched the bond
(d) H 2C=C H-C H=C H2 (Page257J
line and condensed struc ture of the comp ound s?
~ The hybridisation of carbo ns of C-C single bond
>f - l: ,/? -
5 pl-: tf?.- V I fH3 fH3
:J of HC= C-C H=C H2 is (i) ~ , CH3 - C - CH2 - CH - CH3
(a) sp3 - sp3 ...Jb1 sp - sp2 I
2 3
(d) sp - sp . (Page 257)
CH 3
(c) sp3 _ sp
CHO
~ ; What are the hybr idisa tion and shap es of the (ii) OHC ~ , OHC - (CH2 ) 4 - CHO
~... foll ow~ ecul es? r, ~ /' · fH2COOH
COOH
(i) CH 3F _,,.>f .3 (ii) HC= N
2 3 (iii) H O O C ~ COOH , HO- f - COO H
(a) (i) sp , trigonal plan ar; (ii) sp , tetrahedral
3
~ i ) sp , tetrah edral ; (ii) sp, linea r OH C H2COOH
2
(c) (i) sp, linear ; (ii) sp , trigonal plana r (a) Only (i) (b) Only {ii)
2 2
(d) (i) sp , trigonal plana r, (ii) sp , trigonal planar (c) Only (i) and (ii) -~ All are correct.
(Page 257) (Poge 258)

II Structural Representations of (II Classification of Org anic

Organic Com pou nds Compounds
'· Match the colu mn I with colu mn II (vari ous ;-:')
) and mark the ~ - Whic h of the follow ing is alicycl ic hei ocyli c
ways to representing the molecules
appropriate choice. compound ? 1 1
f' I\ pf •

,) I {
t tr• ,i
•-.J
(' t .·
•
f I
I '

,.
,. . .-.---
[ ,,. I' { f'

0 r,J..( I,· . ,c- ~ t► . ~

'J
 172

re f'' O r g a n ic
r n e n c lo tu
111/J CNoom pounds
, ru rc-s .n e
t t h 1• g h ·L·n ~r r u
11 il/ 1l c~ n
/L 'Jl,H '
o.
Il l E <11 1 F
(i i) J -m e
r/iylb u ta n e
h e x. m e, u ta n e
Ci1 ) !I )
e. ( ii ) 2 ,2
- d im e th y lb
'p c rH a n ta n e
<b l ( ii l ~C n e, ( i i) is o
p en
J -e th d b u ta tan e .
2 -m e th y lb u
1
, J {J ) e, (i i)
n t a n
-m e ;Jw /p e PoQc 26 4
......_,, d i ( t) 3
'°" · und --, "'
th e co m p o rd e r o f Pr ior ·, f, ,
10. l l "PA
(.: n a rn e o f 11 c o rr e c t d e c re a si n g o . .
n-iPou od s ,
C l-13
16 . f >e u p s o f o rg a n ic: co '· \
H3 c~
~ un c
ti o n a l g ro
la tu re is
"C H 3 is st e m of n o m enc
( __ ~ I UPA C sy
O JH , -Coof-
f
H O , -S
-C O N H i, -C li o
. -C O N H, , -C
CH3 (a )
e , - s o, H
(a) 2 ,3 -d im
e th y lh e p ta n
c ane
:t
'ii,,; -C O O H
, -C O O H , -C O N 2
H , -Cf-10
y l- 4 -e th y lo (c) - S 0 3 H
SO JH , -CON
!-{
(b) 3 -m e th c ta n e O H , -
l- 6 -m e th y lo (d ) -C H O
, -C O 1 ;c;,
(c) 5 -e th y not , ~
~
.
e th y lo c ta n e (P a g e 2 6 4) m p o u n d s is
4 -e th y l- 3 -m and 17 . e following
co 00 ''
c o n d a r y , te r ti r y
a Which o f th its IU P A C n a m e ?
~
, s e e
y p r im a r y r e s e n t in th m a tc h e d w
it h
botan,,,
How man to m s a re p cz.1 , ; Eth yl
carbon a C u"\ 2 C H2 C O O C H ,
q u a te r n a cr yo m p o u n d ?
3
(a ) C H C
H
; 3- Methyib
otan•
fo ll o w in g H ,- C H O
3 H- C
® (b) CH - CI
CH ) CH 3
- C H ,- C
< ij j) . c H
3
an .5-oQ,'
®- o se con a
rimary, tw e s e c o n d a r y
' CH3
ry and one te
rtiary
.
(
c) C H
3
- CH - C
I
CH3 0
II
- C H 2 C H 3;
2-Meth ylpent

N02

1~6-:
(a) One pri mary, thre lbutan-3-o!
nd ; 2-Methy
(b ) Five p o n e te rt ia ry a 3 CH - C H 3
CH - CI H - I
~
co nd a ry .
Five puriam ary. one se ,Page :~-
te rnary C H 3
one q n d tw o OH
s e condary a ta ti o n
r im a r y , tw o 18 . t represen o f 4-hydrox y-
2.
(d j qFuoauterr npa r y The correc
2-en-1-al is The correct I
formula methylpent-
e c o m p o u n d having Ho
f th H::::::c-c

~(
name o
The IUPAC
CH2 C H3 ~ CH3 - C H - C
I
I
CH
I OH 3
is
H3 C - C - CH ~ CH2 H:::::: C - CHO
I C H - C
CHJ (b) CH 3 -
I
I
O H
rim el'h ylprop - l -ene CH 3 )} 4-forr
_'a) 3 ,3 ,3-t
ne ~) 4-car/
ethylprop-2 -e CH 1
b) 1,l,l-trim I -
hylpent- 1-ene kl 4-car
~ 3,3 -d im e l'
n e .
/Page 166) (c)
CH 1- - C
I
- CH:::::: CI ' -
CHO
(d) l-ca;
th y l but -3-e
:1) 2,2 •d im e , is OH CH 3
f (C H ) , c - CH:::: CH ~
- C H - CHO
o
JPAC n a m e hylbut-3 -e ne
3
C H - C H "
) 2,2-dimel' (d) CH3 - I - I
ylpent-4 -ene CH
) 2,2-dimeth H O 3
 (~l 2 1nlfrn ~ o'll<) J'i£'lll >11111!
\)-Pr 2 f(ltmrl ·~ 0Vtj'l'lll~n(n1t1 1l , H _., •H
id 2 tWH1Cl l , l penteidlfht
(dl l J dim.1
1 2 , n innpl-'Ji l ll iit

~ The Jl 1P\l llAmr Pl "'1V ~ /,,

II
! I
I~
()
Jt
\ Al I 'h h>ll) 1 0\11 - 2, J d1111<'th, Ipent :inr
d, l ; ctlwl
'
3 '
<.Il IOT! dC'
nH..·thvlbutanovl
,

~ ) 2J -dimcth ylpcntanoyl chloride

1,i ) 3.4 -dimethylpentanoyl chloride. { 11' ) t,1

::r
: 1. CClrre<.1 representation of 3-meth),Ip ent-3-en -2-ol is ~ H•
fa) 2 hrnmo t- l hlor ,.. ~ ht- t I en<

~
(h) 6-bromo 2 chlotocvdohnen<"
[>I (b ) ~ 3-hromo I chlorocvck•hnen<
(d) 1-bromo-J chlorf'crcloh<'"tC'nt"

HO 26 · Match the compounds gi ven in , rilutnn I w,tt'i lh(

(c) Y (d) ~ (Pogel J
66
IUPAC names given 1n column JI JnJ mtrk. tht·
~OH appropriate chotCe.

22. Which of the following IUPAC nam es 1·s not Column I Column tr
correctly matched?

(a) 0- Cyclopentane
(A) 0'"' ( !) 3.7 n1meth, I
()\.lJ ·

tnenc
1.1.6

(B) 0 OH (11 ) 4 Methyl

(b) OCJ - Chlorocyclohexane

~
(C) ~ OH (ii i)
5 u,nhcx..rno11.:
acid
3.J.S Tnmethvl

~ Q--< -I, 1-dimethylcyclohexane

ht·x- l-t:n 2-ol

)v.
(D
0 0

(iv) .\ -Hydroxy-

6-
,.,,, "
NO, \,,
,,, I ,. 4-mdhylpe n
t• •
' tJ.n •2-one
(d) 3-Nitrocyclohexene (Page 165, 266) , • I

.3. lhe correct IUPAC name of the compound (a) ~ A)-) (i1 ), (B)-) (i), (C)-) (iii}, l D) -4 (iv\
(b) (A )-) (iv ), (B) -) (ii), (C)-+ (i), ( D ) ➔ tm)
(c) (A) -) (i), (B)-) (iii), (C} _,.( ii),([))--' l td

D
O COOH .
(d) (A) -'I (iii) , ( B) -'I (iv), (C)......,. (i1 l, t D } - t i )
IS
OHC
~7) Whi ch of th e l°l>llowin ~ 11.1m t' ' ,,1 suhst1tut ed
~ ) 4-formyl -2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid bcn1e1H' 1:omp11unds is n, 1 t 1·0 11't', l ?
(b) 4-carboxy-2-oxocyclohcxanal O~k
(c) 4-carboxy-l -formykyclohcxanonc
(d) 2-carboxy-5-formyl -J-oxocydohcxn1w,

4· "Ihe correct IUPAC name of the following compound

(f'oq11 )bM y '(.,,. , •'" '"' " "'"
{.,i ( Y1('!
Cl I 1
is
 VI. t r, IJ~lfi'''"" 'V Ort
,,. ,,, ii
1
(,I ) .-i ,i <11r1h yl t mt-1hylf, ..,,11~,,..
174
NH, ,
,,,m,,,.thrn,1 m"'l- tht ~P'ftr,,r,,,..1,. ' ) ,,. ~',,
II Mil l( I, 1 1,l111t1fl / ''"'''"''' ''" "'"~
1
1
( I, ) ( ~ <'1 ·11 4 1•1111 I ,, f11<'d1 vlo11 tl11u·

'~(---
( 21/ I

r~ y l'I 4-Chlom- l . 1-Jlnitroh l'. 11/CtlC

(..:)
O; N~ N02
() II

~ 13 J.4-Dirnc lhy lphcnol fl 'orJ" Jt,'I/

(J )
Vc1-
CH3
(D) CH3Cl-12CH20 H,
CH - CH - CH3
3 I
OH
ID Isomerism ' (a ) (A) ➔ (iv ), (B ) ➔ (iii), (CJ- , 11 ,
,.
28. What is the minimum number o~ carbo~ atoms of Cb) (A ) ➔ (i), (B ) -, (iii J, (( ; , (HJ/'
an alkane must have to form an isomer · ( A) ➔ (iii) , ( B) ➔ (_iv), (C ) , 11,'1 '/
'fcl
(d) (A ) ➔ (iv) , (B ) ➔ (1), (C ) - , r11 -; ,1,
(a ) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) ; ;,"
(Page 270)

29. I-Butene and cyclobutane show 35 . Given below are the structur
es fer,, vlf;;i. en
(a) position isomerism with molecular formula 4 u10 . ~..,.. · -',,
C H
'"'-< .:.,,,,
~) ring-chain isomerism from these structures. -'~.
(c) functional isomerism (i) CH 3 -0-C H2CH2CH 3
(Page 270)
(d) metamerism. (ii) CH 3 CH 2CH2CH20H
0 (iii) CH 3-CH2 -0-CH 2-CH 3
30. c2 H5
- N-?
~
and r'-'2H5-0-N= O are examples of
(iv) Ctt 3-CH-C H 2- CH 3
0 I
~ ) functional isomers (b) tautomers OH
(c) position isomers (d) metamers. (Page270)
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (~.. ,
31. The type of isomerism shown by the following ~ (i) and (Hi) (d) (ii) and (mI ~,,
compounds is @ What is the relationship between tht i··~:-
shown? ·
H
H ✓,,, J. .

c- c"
H
/ r~l)
0 ,.

(a) position isomerism (a) Structural isomers

(b) metamerism (b) Geometrical isomers
(c) ring-chain isomerism ~ Conformational structure5
""'td) chain isomerism. (Page 270) (d} Identical structures
32. Which of the following is an isomer of ethanol?
(a) Methanol (b) Acetone
,~) Dimethylether
Iii Fundamental Concepts in
ether
(c) Diethyl
(Page 270)
Orga nic Reaction Mecho nis"
~7. Heterolysis of a carbon-chlorine bond?;:.::..:
33. Which of the following compounds is isomeric
(a) two free radical s (b) two ca~ n
with 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylhexane?
~ (a) 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane ~) one cation and one an ion
~ 4-isopropylheptane (d) two carban ions.
(c) 4-ethyl-3-methyl-4-n-propyloctane 38. In the given reaction rwo products are ~r;-~,;.
 Basic p1incipl
. y I Organic Chemistry - Some es and Tec/Jniq11(' 1 175
ct1en11s1r
CII Cir c~,·
ha nio n~ i~ r ,,, 2°-> 1n
Cll.1 c 11 =C lf2 i lll3 r
-C , 1 }r(; f)
-1, B

tll ., - cI rr - c 11 i ( /J)
(cl _O rde r of .~tah ilir y of car
(d) fh c nq;ati vd y, ha rw d
and pyram ida l.
u irhon i~ <p ' hybrid i~d
•,; 1,. 1

(/") . . m ed as a maBr · 44
. Which of th e following car ban ion
s I\ cxp e, ted fo
rh e pro du ct J 1.~ for )Or pro du ct
., be mo st stable?
1,ecnuse
- C H_ CH 3 is (a) p-N 0 2C6 H /: H 2 (b) o-N 0 2C,, H.1Cf f1
(a) the car bo cat ion C Hl for me d
wh ich is mo re sta ble (c) o-C HOC Hi :H6 2 (d) p-C HO C6 H4 CH2
. Pag , Jl)
- CH 2 _ CH 2 15
(b) the car bo cat ion CH 3 for me d
wh ich is mo re sta ble bility of th e following
The ord er of dec rea sin g sta
t bl
bo cat ion s are equ aJi y s a e bu t th car ban ion s is
(c) bo th car ·1 tra l C ato m e (ii) (C H 3)zC H -
nu cle op+hI e att ack s on cen (i) (C H3 hC
eas ily give a (iv) C6 H 5 C H 2
(d) CH3 - CH - CH3 can pro ton to (iii) CH3CH2
(iv) > (iii )> (ii) > (i)
(a) (~) >(i i) >( iii) > (iv) ~
att ach Br+. ge 271)(Pa
(d) (iii ) > (ii) > (i) > (iv )
. +

'!he car bo cat 1o+ n CH3CH CH 3

is less st abl eth an (c) (1v) > (i) > (ii) > (iii)
'1. (Page21l }
\ :
(a) CH3CH 2C H2
+ 46 . Free radicals can un der go
re stable free rad ica l
(b) CH3 (a) rea rra ng em ent to a mo
+
oth er free rad ica l
(b) dec om po siti on to give an
~ (C H~ 3C er free rad ica l
ge2 71)
(c) com bin ati on wi th oth (Pa gel72)
(Pa
(d) CH3CH2 (d) all are correct.
on de hy dra tio n i \.I on g the following is
• Wh ich of the fol low in~ alc oh ols -; Th e mo st stable free radical am
A·
40 ion ?
gives mo st sta ble car bo cat

6
. • CH - CH3

6
CH CH2 - CH2
I 3
CH3 -C -O H (b)
I (a)
CH3

(c) CH3 - CH 2 - CH 2
(d) CH3 -f H - CH2 CH3

~ · Wh ich of the_ fol low

OH
- CH20H

ing is _a fal~e sta tem ent ?

s or car ban ion
(Page 271)

s ~
(c) 0 (d) CHOCH3
(Page 272)
fea tur e of
nm m 10n is a cha rac ter ist ic
(a) Fre e rad ica ls, ca rbo . Wh ich of the following
es.
are rea cti on int erm ed iat a free radical?
in
me tha ne an d chl ori ne
(b) Re act ion be tw ee n rad ica l. (a) It has a po siti ve cha
rge.
pro cee ds via fre e
pre sen ce of sun lig ht (b) It has a neg~tive cha
rge.
ve ato m in the car bo n cha in ; ele ctr on s.
~ , The ele ctr on eg ati (c) It has all pai red
,
~
ect . (Page 272 )
pro du ces +/ eff _It has a_n un pai red elect~
o.n.
es free rad ica ls. \
C bonds giv the fol low ing
(d) Homolytic fission of C- ,27 2) : ~ - Th e mc rea sm g ord er of sta b1 hty of
(Page 211
free rad ica ls is . • •
• Hs )3C
\ ,, iat es co nta ins Hs hC H < (C6
''t' Wh ich of the fol low ing int erm ed
enc e sh ell? ~ (CH3)2C H < (CH3h C < (C6
thr ee pa irs of ele ctr on s in its val H < (CH3hC < (CH3)iC H
nio ns (b) (C6Hs) i: < (C6Hs) iC
~ Ca rbo cat ion s (b) Ca rba < (C H 3)iC H
(c) (C 6H 5 )iC H < (C6H 5hC < (C H3 hC •
(d) Bo th (a) an d (b) • •
(c) Fre e rad ica ls )
•
< (C6 H h C < (C 6 H 5 )zC H
(d) (C H3)iC H < (C H3h C
(Pa ge 272 5
(Page 212;
\A r
~
t tru e ab ou t
~ ;,h ich of the fol low ing sta tem en ts is no ate (A) is for me d du rin
g
Wh ich typ e of interm edi
the sta bil ity of ca rba nio ns? SO. the rea cti on ?
ns inc rea ses wi th inc rea se
(a) Sta bil ity of car ba nio = H Heat) (A) + N 2
CH3CH2 - N N - CHF 3
in s-c ha rac ter of orb ita l. (b) Ca rba nio n
dr aw in g gr ou p s lik e (a) Ca rbo cat ion
(b) Th e ele ctr on wi th ( d) Ca rbe ne (Pa ge 272)
inc rea ses the sta bil ity
- N02, - CN , )c = O (c) Free rad ica l
of car ba nio ns.
 176
'-I h'h;~h ol the h tltMntif! ,, "'' dr, tr1•J'h, ll1 1rll jl'' l11 1
(4ll H:<' !M NH , \, ) n il (dl N<1;
f I

~ Whkh ot 1hr l\)Ht,,, 10l! sN~ nl 1v1,11p~t nnrni11 nnly

ele...th.' phik\'
(al NH,. NO!, H~\). Nfl ,
'---J_bl f . OH . NH ,. St\ •
~ No ;. 1\ ICh. SO ,.ClhC = O
(dl \!H ,, BF,. AICI ,. I-LO cf'< 1qr ' 'II

~ lnduc-tl\'t' etf~ t mYoh·l' S.

~ displacement of CT -elc.:tro ns res ultin g in
( II} I J I
polarisation I
(b) displa cement o ( 1t -ek c1rons res ultin g in
polarisation
(c) delocalisation of a -elec tron s
(d) del ocalisation oi rr-electrons. /Pag<' 274)

54. The increasing order of electron donating inductive (i 2

l • Which of
· "
th e (u/11,wlng i,,,111 i~ 1) 11 , 1 1
I <1,f ft
effec t of alkyl groups is stabilised~ 11n.•

(a) -H < -CH_ (a) Ethoxl dc (l,J 1'1 11: ,Jl,[Link],,

1 < -C 2H5 < - C_
, H,
(b) - H > -CH 3 > -C1 H, > - C_
,H1 .(c) But oxldc (d ) l~11pri,p,1½1<it
(c) -H < -C2H5 < -CH 3 < -C3H7
(d) -H > -C2H 5 >-CH~ > -C_1H 7 /Page 274J ~ Hyperconju~atlcm 111 'h,,_ ,

~ lnductive effect of which atom is taken as zero to (a) cHt co11Jug:1tio11

(b) not iced due to dclocali11ation ii( <J ~n.d
compare inductive effect of other atoms? ~ no bond re1101rnncc 1'. ,,,
~ Hydrogen (b) Chlorine ~ all the above.
){) Carbon (d) Oxygen 'h,,,_
64. Stability of /so•butylcnc can be hcht <:xpJ,
"' (Page 274) ff I ~~
(a) indu ctive cncct ,,
~ .Maximum -I effect is exerted by the group (b) rncsomcric effoct
(a) -C 6H5 (b) -OCH3 (c) -Cl ~ -NO2 (c) hyperconjugativc effect
(Page 274) (d) steri c effect.
{~'/,,
57. Which one of the following acids would you expect 65. In which of the fo llowing species hypercori'u
to be the strongest? · poss1'bl e~~
1s J IJa'.r,·
(a) I - CH2COOH (b) Cl - CH2COOH -
(c) Br - CH2COOH (d) F - CH2COOH (a) CH 3 - CH2 (b) CI\H, - CHl
(Page 274) CH
I 1
58. Few pairs of molecules are given below. Which pair (dJ Cl/ , C CH ::;r,
has more polar molecules? ' I .
(a) H3C - H, H3C - Br CH1
(b) H3C - NH 2, H3 C - OH
(c) H3C - OH, H3C - SH
(d) H3C - Cl, H3C - Br
6\ Hyperconjugation is not possibl e in
(Page 274)
(a) CH 3-CH=CH2 ~ ' CH2= CH2
59. Whi ch of the following is the correct order of , CH3
acidity of carboxylic acids? (c) CH -C / ( d) CH3 - C = C. -0:
3
' CH3 I I
(!! Cl1CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2COOH CH3 CH_,
(11) CH3CH2COOH > (CH3)zCHCOOH > ;,71, •

c--) F (CH3hCCOOH .
111 _2CHCOOH > FCH2COOH > CICH2COOH
~ Stabi_lity of alkyl carbocatiom can be explair~ ~
(a) (~) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) • (a) indu ctive effect only
(c) (1) and (iii) (d) (i') ("" ) d (· ·· · (b) hyperconjugation onl y
an
\.l hyperconjugaitl✓
, 11 111)
both inductive effect and
(Page 274)
(d) electromeric effect only. ;.~1,-
 hl'rnistry I Organic Chemistry - Some Bt1sic p1lnci,>les a11d r
C . ' re11nlqur( 177
l, " pccrca__qlng order of· stability of foll) .
~ . CH - CH - CH ( wing alkcncs I~ CII CH
(1) ·' ' - 2 '
I I I :l
(Ii) CH3 - CH == CH - CH~ (iv) CH3- C=C - CH
1
(iii) CH3 -C=CH - CH 1
I . 1't.)
(a) (i) > (ii) > (ii i) > (iv} (iv)> (Ul) > (H} > (,J
CH3 (c) (iii)> (ii) > (i) > (iv) (d) (ii) > (ill)> (tv) "-> (I}

c omplete the folJowing reactions b fill' (Png~ 1/RJ

69 · f
H3
Y mg most stabl e Intermediate
· and the product.

(i) CH3 - CH -CH= CHz + HCJ ~ (A) ~ (B) (1·1·) l .

lntennediaic /~ + HBr ~ (C) Br-➔ (D)
A Intermediate
B
CH3 C D
CH 3

)y
I + I
(a) CH3 -CH-CH=CH CH3 - CH - CH2CH c1
2

CH3 CH3 Br

~
I+ I
(b) CH3 - C - CH2 CH3 CH3-C-CH CH
I 2 3
Cl Br
CH3 CH3
I + I Br
(c) CH3 -CH-CH-CH3 CH3 - CH - CH - CH
I 3 ~
Cl
CH3 CH3
I+ I
(d) CH3 - C - CH2 CH3 CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2CJ Br~
(Page 278)

fll Methods of Purification of Column I Column II

Organic Compounds (A) Ether + Toluene (i) ISteam distillation
1

70. Separation of two substances by crystallisation J(B) o-Nitrophenol + (ii) 1Distillatio~-

depends upon their differences in p-Nitrophenol I
(a) densities (b) solubility l(C) Benzoic acid+ (iii) IFraction;i_
(c) melting points (d) boiling points. (_ Benzaldehyde_ ___ _ distillation _ _
(Page 279) I
~ )l Fractions of crude oil (iv) !Sublimation
1

7 I. Glycerine can be purified by (a) (A) ➔ (iii), (B) ➔ (ii), (C) ➔ (i), (D) ➔ (iv)
(a) vacuum distillation (b) (A) ➔ (ii), (B) ➔ (iii), (C) ➔ (i), (D) ➔ (iv)
(c) (A) ➔ (ii), (B) ➔ (i), (C) ➔ (iv), (D) ➔ (iii)
(b) simple distillation
(d) (A) ➔ (i), (B) ➔ (iii), (C) ➔ (ii), (D) ➔ (iv)
(c) steam distillation
(Page 280) (Page 279, 280, 28 1)
(d) fractional distillation.
74. Those substances can be separated by steam
72. Distillation under reduced pressure is generally
distillation are
used to purify those liquids which (a) steam volatile and insoluble in water
(a) have very low boiling points (b) steam volatile and soluble in water
(b) are volatile (c) steam volatile and sparingly soluble in water
(c) have high boiling points and which decompose (d) in liquid form in steam and solid form in water.
below their boiling points (Page 28 1)
(d) have a large difference in their boiling points. 75. p -Nitrophenol and o-nitrophenol are separated by
(Page 280)
(a) distillation
73• Few mixtures and their methods of separation are (b) steam distillation
given in the columns I and II respectively. Match ( c) crystallisation
(d) fractional crystallisation
the columns and mark the appropriate choice.