Class XI (2024–2025)
(BASED ON REVISED BOOK WITH NEW CHAPTERS)
Reference: NCERT
HALF-YEARLY SYLLABUS
Unit 1 Introduction to Political Institutions
Chapter 1 Concept of State
i. What is a State?
ii. The concept of State and Article 12 of the Indian Constitution
iii. What is Government?
iv. Emergence of the State from Society
v. Definition of State
vi. Theories on the Origin of State
. Elements of a State
viii. Role of a State
Chapter 2 Forms and Organs of Government
[Link] to the Organs of Government
ii. Forms of Government a) Monarchy b) Aristocracy c) Dictatorship d) Democracy
iii. Main organs of Government and its functions: a) General Functions of Legislature as Organ of
Government b) General Functions of Executive as Organ of Government c) General Functions of
Judiciary as Organ of Government
Chapter 3 Separation of Powers
i. Concept of Separation of Powers
ii. Historical Background and Evolution of Montesquieu’s Doctrine of Separation of
Powers a) Montesquieu’s Doctrine of Separation of Powers b) Basic Features of the
Doctrine of Separation of Powers as enunciated by Montesquieu c) Checks and
Balances of Power d) Impact of the Doctrine
iii. iii. Evaluation of The Doctrine of Separation of Powers a) Key Benefits and Advantages
of The Doctrine of Separation of Powers b) Defects of the Doctrine
iv. iv. Separation of Powers In Practice a) Separation of Powers in Britain b) Separation of
Powers in the United States of America c) Separation of Powers in India
Unit 2 Basic features of the Constitution of India
Chapter 1 Salient Features of the Constitution of India
i. Meaning of the term Constitution
ii. Definition of the term Constitution
iii. Historical Perspective of the Constitution of India
iv. Salient Features of the Constitution of India
v. a) Modern Constitution b) Lengthiest written Constitution c) Preamble to the
Constitution d) Fundamental Rights; Directive Principles of State Policy;
Fundamental Duties e) Constitutional Provision for Amendment of the
Constitution of India f) Adult Suffrage g) Single Citizenship h) Independent
Judiciary i) Emergency Provision j) Federal in form Unitary in character k)
Division of Power- Centre- State Relations l) Schedules to the Constitution
Chapter 2 Administrative law
i. Background
ii. Administrative Law and Constitutional Law: Key Differences
iii. Reasons for Growth, Development and Study of Administrative law
iv. Types of Administrative Actions
v. Fundamental Principle of Administrative Law: Rule of Law
vi. Droit System
Final Exam Syllabus
Unit 3 Jurisprudence, Nature and Sources of Law
Chapter 1 Jurisprudence, Nature and Meaning of Law
i. Introduction
ii. Historical Perspective
iii. Schools of Law
iv. Function and Purpose of Law
Chapter 2 Classification of Laws
i. Classification of law based on Subject matter
ii. Classification of law based on Scope of Law
iii. Classification of law based on Jurisdiction
Chapter 3 Sources of Laws
i. Where does law come from?
ii. Custom as a Source of Law
iii. Importance of Custom as a Source of Law in India
iv. Judicial Precedent as a Source of Law
v. Legislation as a Source of Law
Chapter 4 Law Reform
i. Need for Law Reform
ii. Law Reforms in India
iii. Recent Law Reforms in Independent India
Chapter 5 Cyber Laws, Safety and Security in India
i. Introduction
ii. Why do we need Cyber Laws?
iii. What is Cyber law?
iv. What is Cyber safety and Security?
v. What is Cyber-crime?
vi. Categories of Cyber-crime
vii. Cyber law in India
viii. Scope or Extent of The Information Technology Act,
2000(IT Act) ix. What was Section 66A IT Act, 2000?
Unit 4 Judiciary: Constitutional, Civil and Criminal Courts and Processes
Chapter 1 Judiciary: Constitutional, Civil and Criminal Courts and Processes
i. Introduction: Establishment of the Supreme Court and High Courts
ii. Constitution, Roles and Impartiality a) Independence and Impartiality of the Supreme
Court b) Structure and Hierarchy of the Courts in India c) The Civil Process and
functioning of Civil Courts
iii. The Civil Court Structure
a) Common Legal Terminologies b) Types of Jurisdictions c) Res subjudice and Res
judicata in Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 4
iv. Structure and Functioning of Criminal Courts in India
a) Types of Offences b) Criminal Investigations and First Information Report (FIR) c)
Criminal Process- Investigation and Prosecution d) Doctrine of autrefois acquit and
autrefois convict (i.e. previously acquitted and previously convicted) e) Function and
Role of Police
v. Other Courts In India a) Family Courts b) Administrative Tribunals
Unit 5 Family Justice System
Chapter 1 Institutional Framework Marriage and Divorce
i. Nature of Family Laws in India
ii. Human Rights and Gender Perspective
iii. Institutional Framework- Family Courts
iv. Role of Women in the creation of Family Courts
v. Role of Lawyers and Counselors in Family Courts
vi. Role of Counselors and Gender Issues vii. Marriage and Divorce
Chapter 2 Child Rights
i. Child Rights
ii. Right to Education
iii. Right to Health
iv. Right to Shelter
v. Child Labour
vi. Sexual Abuse vii. Juvenile Justice
Chapter 3 Adoption
i. Adoption
ii. Minor custody and Guardianship
Chapter 4 Property, Succession and Inheritance
i. Concept of Property: Joint Family Property and Separate
Property ii. Inheritance and Succession
ii. iIntestate Succession
iii. Rules relating to Intestate Succession
iv. Testamentary Succession
Chapter 5 Prevention of Violence against Women
i. What is Domestic abuse / violence?
ii. International Legal Framework
iii. III. Laws in India on Prevention of Violence against
Women
Note: Final Exam Syllabus include Half –yearly syllabus also.
