10/1/18

Definite Integral Definite Integral

b b
ò f ( x)dx = The signed area between f ( x) and ò f ( x)dx = The signed area between f ( x) and
a the x-axis between x = a and x = b a the x-axis between x = a and x = b
n
= lim å f (ci )Dx Where ci is any x value
2p

3
n ®¥
i =1

3
within the subinterval i
2
ò0
sin xdx = ?

ò 1
4dx = ? ò 0
( x + 2)dx = ? ò -2
4 - x dx = ?
2
By symmetry, the area
above the x axis
equals the area below
the x axis, and so the
8 21 signed area between 0
2 2π and 2π is zero

Some Properties of Definite Integrals Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

b

b a Recall the definition involved the sum of òa f ( x)dx = F (b) - F (a)

ò a
f ( x)dx = - ò f ( x)dx rectangles whose base are ∆0
b The signed area between the the difference in the
. . .. =
graph of f(x) and the x-axis values of its antiderivitive
.
b c b bound by x=a and x=b evaluated at a and b.
ò a
f ( x)dx = ò f ( x)dx + ò f ( x)dx
a c
Definite 2 Antiderivative evalutated at
b b
Integral ò0
x 2 dx = F (2) - F (0) upper limit – evaluated at

ò a
kf ( x)dx = k ò f ( x)dx
a
Where k is a constant
Upper and Lower 3
2
lower limit

= 1x
limits of integration 3 0 Short hand

[ f ( x) ± g ( x)]dx = ò f ( x)dx ± ò g ( x)dx

b b b
òa a a
1
3 3
Compare this with the work
= éë 2 - 0 ùû = 8 it took for the same
3 3

problem by the Sigma

sum!!

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Integration applied to physics

b
ò f ( x)dx = F (b) - F (a) a

The signed area between the the difference in the

=
n Revisit the problem Diff. Applied to
graph of f(x) and the x-axis values of its antiderivitive
2bound by x=a and x=b evaluated at a and b.
[Link] (done on hard copy)
#
F(x)=½x2
n İf ! = % $ − 2
For example the area under f(x)=x $
f (x)=x
1.5
Find x(t) if xo=0
ò
a.
between x=0 and x=1.5. ie xdx
0

1
Can be computed from the antiderivitive b. What is the displacement between t=0, t=5
F(x)=½x2
c. What distance did it travel between t=0 t=5
∆y =F(1.5)-F(0)
½ base x height =½ (3/2)2 – 0
= ½(3/2)x(3/2)
= 9/8
= 9/8 Amazing!
1 2 Ask me out of class why this
b is, or wait for math teacher.
a

1
 10/1/18

Integration applied to physics Integration X(5)=10.8

a) X=1/6 tˆ3 -2t. (note that C=0) applied to

b) X(5) = 125/6 – 10 =10.8
X(0) = 0 physics
Displacement = 10.8

c) From v(t): Velocity = 0 at t = 2.

• First integrate 0-2 sec when velocity is negative.
• Integrate 2-5 seconds when velocity is positive
• Add the absolute value of the first to the second.

Or simply use the x(t) function to determine displacement

on 0-2 and 2-5, and add the absolute values. x
Distance = 2(2.7)+10.8
= 16.2
X(2)= -2.7