This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: F1169 − 19

Standard Consumer Safety Specification for

Full-Size Baby Cribs1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

INTRODUCTION

This consumer safety specification addresses crib incidents that were identified by the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
CPSC received reports of strangulations incidents associated with crib corner post extensions and
incidents concerning failure of crib hardware and other structural components of cribs that also
resulted in fatalities.
In response to the incident data collected by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts
to minimize the risk of injury or death due to: failure of mattress support hardware, failure of glued
or bolted connections, side latch failure, and dislodgment of teething rails. This safety specification
also addresses incidents associated with poor maintenance or assembly by means of requirements for
the contents of instructional literature that must accompany a crib.

1. Scope 1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes perfor- test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
mance requirements and test procedures to determine the standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
structural integrity of full-size cribs. It also contains design if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
requirements addressing entanglement on crib corner post of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
extensions, and requirements for warning labels and instruc- environmental practices and determine the applicability of
tional material. It also covers bassinet, changing table, or regulatory limitations prior to use.
similar accessories to a crib that when in the manufacturer’s 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
recommended use position are in the occupant retention area. dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
These accessories shall also comply with the applicable re- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
quirements of the ASTM International standards addressing Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
those accessories. For example, a changing table that attaches mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to a crib shall also comply with the applicable requirements in Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Consumer Safety Specification F2388. This specification does
2. Referenced Documents
not cover inflatable products.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
1.2 No crib produced after the approval date of this con-
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
sumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means,
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms
F2388 Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing
to all requirements contained herein.
Products for Domestic Use
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 2.2 Federal Standards:3
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
and are not considered standard. 16 CFR 1500.3 Definitions

1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 15, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1169 – 13. DOI: Available from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC
10.1520/F1169-19. 20207.

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 F1169 − 19
16 CFR 1500.44 Method for Determining Extremely Flam- 3.6 key structural elements, n—side assemblies, end
mable & Flammable Solids assemblies, mattress supports, or stabilizing bars which create
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical requirements for Determining a the occupant retention area.
Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by 3.7 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any po-
Children Under Eight Years of Age sition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a or instructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable
Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles configuration for use of the product; this specifically excludes
Intended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its
16 CFR 1500.50–.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.
Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by
Children 3.8 mattress support system, n—those components of a bed
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar- structure that are intended for a mattress to rest upon.
ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of 3.9 moveable side, n—top portion of an otherwise stationary
Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion side that is intended to move with respect to the frame (other
Hazards Because of Small Parts than a folding side) when the product is in the manufacturer’s
2.3 European Standard:4 recommended use position to provide easier access to the
EN 716 Furniture - Children’s cots and folding cots for occupant.
domestic use 3.10 nonpaper label, n—any label material (such as plastic
or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or
3. Terminology tears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.
3.1 accessory, n—component with a rigid frame such as a 3.11 occupant, n—that individual who is in the product
bassinet or changing table that attaches to or rests on a crib in when it is setup in one of the manufacturer’s use positions.
the occupant retention area only and that because of its
3.12 occupant retention area, n—any area designated by the
structure, location, or movement, may expose crib occupant to
manufacturer as being the recommended sleeping area for the
an opening presenting an entrapment hazard.
occupant of the product.
3.1.1 Discussion—It does not include (1) items that hang
outside the occupant retention areas, such as organizers and 3.13 static load, n—force applied by a calibrated force
storage bags; (2) canopies that have no rigid frame members gauge or by dead weights.
running alongside any top rail; (3) components that attach only 3.14 stationary side, n—a side or end panel that is not
to another accessory and not directly to the crib; (4) dressing intended to fold, slide or move with respect to the frame when
tables and bassinets that are attached to the crib and outside the the product is in the manufacturer’s recommended use posi-
occupant retention area; or (5) toy accessories covered under tion.
5.11. 3.15 strap, n—piece of flexible material of which the width
3.2 cord, n—length of slender flexible material including is significantly greater than the thickness.
monofilaments, rope, woven and twisted cord, plastic and 3.16 structural failure, n—damage to a component(s) or
textile tapes, ribbon, and those materials commonly called assembly resulting in partial separation (greater than 0.040 in.
string. (1.00 mm) over original configuration), or complete separation
3.3 dynamic load, n—application of an impulsive force by a of the component(s) or assembly.
free falling mass.
3.4 folding side, n—a side, or a part thereof, that is intended 4. Calibration and Standardization
to fold or pivot with respect to the frame when the product is 4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor which
in the manufacturer’s recommended use position to provide may be covered with 1⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering.
easier access to the occupant.
4.2 The crib shall be completely assembled, unless other-
3.5 full-size crib, n—a bed that is designed to provide wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
sleeping accommodations for an infant that is intended for use
in the home and is within a range of 62 in. (65.1 cm) of the 4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-
interior length or width dimensions specified for full-size baby turing.
cribs in 5.7. 4.4 The item to be tested shall be in a room with ambient
3.5.1 Discussion—Cribs having an interior length dimen- temperature of 73.4 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least 24 h prior to
sion either greater than 55 in. (139.7 cm) or smaller than 49 3⁄4 testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature
in. (126.3 cm), or an interior width dimension greater than 30 range.
5⁄8 in. (77.7 cm) or smaller than 25 3⁄8 in. (64.3 cm), or both, are

considered non-full-size cribs and do not fall within the scope 5. General Requirements
of this specification.
5.1 Before performing any of the tests in this specification
all wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.
4
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de 5.1.1 All wood parts shall be free from splits, cracks, or
Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be. other defects that might lead to structural failure.

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 F1169 − 19
5.2 Surface Coatings—The paint or surface coating on the 5.6.3 Should any adjacent sides of a crib that have slats or
product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303. spindles have a height difference between their top rails of
5.3 Small Parts—There shall be no small parts as defined by more than 6 in. and either of their top rails are less than 40 in.
16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to (102 cm) high as measured from the top of the mattress support
this specification. in its lowest position to the top of the sides, then the higher of
the two sides may not have a toe hold (as defined in 5.9) that
5.4 Corner Posts: is located more than 6 in. (15 cm) below the top of the side.
5.4.1 No corner post assembly shall extend more than 0.06 The height difference shall be measured within 6 in. (15 cm) of
in. (1.50 mm) above the upper edge of an end or side panel, the intersection of the two sides. This provision does not apply
whichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point on to folding or moveable sides. The top horizontal rail of an
the upper edge of the end or side panel within 3 in. (76 mm) adjacent side shall not be considered a toe hold. This provision
from the outermost contour of the post or elbow (see Fig. 1). does not apply to toe holds located less than 3 in. (7.6 cm) from
5.4.1.1 This requirement applies when any moveable side/ the top of the mattress support in its lowest position as allowed
folding side is in either the raised or lowered position. in 5.9.
5.4.2 The limitations in 5.4.1 do not apply to a corner post
assembly that extends at least 16 in. (400 mm) above the 5.7 Full-Size Baby Cribs—Dimensions:
uppermost surface of the side rail in its highest position. 5.7.1 The interior dimensions shall be 28 6 5⁄8 in. (71 6 1.6
5.4.3 Corner posts intended to accept removable vertical cm) wide as measured between the innermost surfaces of the
extensions made up of two or more segments (such as canopy crib sides and 52 3⁄8 6 5⁄8 in. (133 6 1.6 cm) long as measured
post extensions) shall not permit the attachment of individual between the innermost surfaces of the crib end panels, slats,
segments such that the resultant vertical extension would be in rods, or spindles. Both measurements are to be made at the
violation of the dimensional requirements of 5.4. level of the mattress support in each of its adjustable positions
and no more than 2 in. (5 cm) from the crib corner posts or
5.5 Slat Construction—Slats shall not contain any lateral/ from the first spindle to the corresponding point of the first
transverse joints such as finger-joints, and other means of spindle at the other end of the crib. If a crib has contoured or
joining pieces of lumber end-to-end are not permitted. decorative spindles, in either or both of the sides or ends, the
5.6 Crib Side Configurations: measurement shall be determined from the largest diameter of
5.6.1 Cribs with side(s) having movable components in- the first turned spindle within a range of 4 in. (10 cm) above the
tended to aid in access to the occupant shall have those sides mattress support in each of its adjustable positions, to a
rigidly attached to the crib ends and contain no movable corresponding point on the first spindle or innermost surface of
section less than 20 in. (51 cm) above the top of the mattress the opposite side of the crib.
support in its lowest adjustable position. 5.7.2 Rail Height—The rail height dimensions shall be as
5.6.2 Cribs with only stationary sides shall meet the follow- follows:
ing criteria: The height of the uppermost surface of any top 5.7.2.1 The height of the rail and end panel as measured
horizontal rail shall be at least 15 in. (38 cm) above the top from the top of the rail or panel in its lowest position to the top
surface of the mattress support in its highest adjustable of the mattress support in its highest position shall be at least
position. 9 in. (22.8 cm).
5.7.2.2 The height of the rail and end panel as measured
from the top of the rail or panel in its highest position to the top
of the mattress support in its lowest position shall be at least 26
in. (66 cm).
5.8 Spacing of Crib Components:
5.8.1 The distance between components (such as slats,
spindles, crib rods, and corner posts) shall not be greater than
2 3⁄8 in. (6 cm) at any point. Measurement of distance between
contoured or irregular slats or spindles shall be done by a 2
3⁄8-in. wide by 4-in. high by 4-in. long (6-cm wide by 10-cm

high by 10-cm long) rectangular block that shall not pass

through the space.
5.8.2 The distance between such components shall not
exceed 2 1⁄2 in. (6.3 cm) when a 20-lb (9-kg) direct force is
applied in accordance with the test method in 7.8. For
contoured or irregular slats or spindles, the spacing shall not
permit passage of a 2 1⁄2-in. wide by 3 1⁄4-in. high by 3 1⁄4-in.
long (6.3-cm wide by 8.2-cm high by 8.2-cm long) rectangular
block above and below the loading wedge when a 20-lb (9-kg)
direct force is applied in accordance with said test method.
FIG. 1 Illustration of Requirements for Crib Corner Post Exten- 5.9 Toe Holds—Crib end panels and sides or any attachment
sions thereto shall have no horizontal bar, ledge, projection, or other

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 F1169 − 19
surface accessible to a child inside the crib capable of being inspect and copy such records, make such inventories of stock
used as a toehold located more than 3 in. (7.6 cm) and less than as he deems necessary, and otherwise verify the accuracy of
20 in. (51 cm) above the mattress support in its lowest position such records.
when the side rail is in its highest position. In no case will any 5.13 Except as noted in 6.7, before and after testing, the
gap between the top surface of the mattress support and the product shall comply with all the requirements of Section 5.
bottom of the lower horizontal rail be permitted. For the
purposes of this paragraph, any horizontal ledge or projection 5.14 There shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as
with a depth dimension greater than 3⁄8 in. (1 cm) shall defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before or
constitute a toehold. The top horizontal rail of an adjacent side after testing to this specification.
shall not be considered a toe hold. 5.15 There shall be no flammable solids as defined in 16
CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) before or after testing in accordance
5.10 Hardware and Fasteners—A crib shall be designed and
with this specification.
constructed in a manner that eliminates from any hardware
accessible to a child within the crib the possibility of the 5.16 Openings—Holes or slots that extend entirely through
hardware’s presenting a mechanical hazard through pinching, a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in.
bruising, lacerating, crushing, breaking, amputating, or other- (9.53-mm) thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod
wise injuring portions of the human body when the crib is in shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or
normal use or when subjected to reasonably foreseeable slots that are between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53
damage or abuse. mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm),
5.10.1 Wood Screws—Wood screws shall not be used in the but are limited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by
assembly of stationary sides, folding sides, or stabilizing bars another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The
to crib ends or other components that must be removed by the product shall be evaluated in all manufacturer’s recommended
consumer in the normal disassembly of a crib. use positions. Holes and openings in surfaces that are in
contact with the floor or are in the mattress support or below
5.10.1.1 No crib shall require consumer assembly of key
the mattress support are exempt from this requirement because
structural elements using wood screw fasteners. This shall not
they are deemed not accessible to the occupant or child on the
apply to drawers or other storage components or accessory
outsides of the product.
items.
5.10.2 Factory assembly using wood screws on key struc- 5.17 Scissoring, Shearing, or Pinching—A product, when in
tural elements is allowed if the wood screws are a second the manufacturer’s recommended use position, shall be de-
method of attachment or the wood screws include a lock signed and constructed to prevent injury to the occupant from
washer, glue or other means to impede loosening or detach- any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or com-
ment. ponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide,
pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another.
5.10.3 Metal inserts with external wood screw threads for
Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall
screwing into a wood component and providing internal
not be permissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a
machine threads to accommodate a machine screw shall be
probe that is greater than 0.210 in. (5.30 mm) and less than
glued or include other means to impede loosening or detaching.
0.375 in. (9.50 mm) diameter at any accessible point through-
5.10.4 Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary out the range of motion of such parts. These requirements do
fasteners or only fasteners for non-key structural elements. not apply to the recognized and familiar hazards associated
5.10.5 Metal threaded fasteners, such as sheet metal screws with the raising or closing action of moveable or foldable sides.
and machine screws, secured into metal components and used
5.18 Labeling:
to attach key structural elements shall have lock washers,
5.18.1 Paper warning labels shall be permanent when tested
self-locking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as
in accordance with 7.14.1.
defined in 6.6.2 or detachment during the testing required by
5.18.2 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts when
this specification.
tested in accordance with 7.14.2.
5.11 Toy accessories attached to, removed from, or sold 5.18.3 Warning labels attached by a seam shall be perma-
with a product, as well as their means of attachment, must meet nent when tested in accordance with 7.14.3.
applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification 5.18.4 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface
F963. of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood
5.12 Recordkeeping—A manufacturer or importer of cribs burning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance
shall keep and maintain for six years after production or with 7.14.4.
importation of each lot, or other suitable identifying unit, 5.18.5 Storage pouch or other part with warning statements
records of sale, distribution, and results of all inspections and printed on it, excluding labels, shall be considered permanent
tests conducted in accordance with this specification. These if it cannot be removed when tested in accordance with 7.14.5.
records shall be made available upon request, at reasonable 5.19 Cord/Strap Length—No cord or strap made of a
times to any officer, employee, or agent action on behalf of the flexible material such as fabric, elastic, or plastic having a free
Consumer Product Safety Commission. The manufacturer or stretched length in excess of 7.4 in. (188 mm) shall be attached
importer shall permit such officer, employee, or agent to to a product. Restraint straps that are attached to accessories

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 F1169 − 19

FIG. 2 Opening Example

outside of the occupant retention area shall only be evaluated 6. Performance Requirements
for the length that can extend into the occupant retention area. 6.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test Requirement—The feeler gage
Test in accordance with 7.13. specified in 7.1.2.1 shall not enter any gap created by the
5.20 Cribs that Fold for Storage or Transport—Any unit deflection or deformation, or both, of the plastic teething rail
that folds for storage or transport shall have a locking device or resulting from the application of a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically
other provision in the design that will prevent the unit from downward force.
unintentionally folding when properly placed in the manufac-
6.2 Cycle Testing—No crib shall exhibit structural failure,
turer’s recommended use position.
loosening of fasteners as defined in 6.2.1, damage to latching
5.20.1 During and upon completion of all testing, the unit
or locking mechanisms, or failure of latching or locking
shall remain in its manufacturer’s recommended use position.
mechanisms when tested in accordance with the test methods
5.20.2 If a unit is designed with a locking device:
in 7.2.
5.20.2.1 That device shall remain engaged and operative
after testing. 6.2.1 After testing in accordance with the procedure in 7.2,
5.20.2.2 Each single-action locking device that is provided key structural elements attached by screws or threaded fasten-
to prevent folding shall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 ers shall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1.00 mm)
N) to activate the release mechanism when tested in accor- upon completion of testing.
dance with 7.12. 6.3 Crib Side Latch Test Requirements:

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6.3.1 The latching mechanism securing a moveable or adjacent to the rail from which these have separated and
folding side of a crib shall automatically engage when the side applying a 20-lbf (90-N) pull force to the wedge in a direction
is placed in the normal use position. normal to the plane of the crib side. If a spindle or slat moves
6.3.2 The latching mechanism shall not disengage during away from the hole in the rail in which it was formerly secured,
the tests conducted in accordance with the procedure in 7.3.4 or complete separation has occurred.
7.3.5 (whichever is appropriate), and shall continue to function 6.6.2 Components attached by screws shall not have sepa-
in the intended manner upon completion of the tests. rated by more than 0.04 in. (1 mm) upon completion of testing.
6.3.3 Each single-action latching device that is provided to 6.6.3 Any spindles or slats that could be rotated during the
secure a moveable or folding side shall require a minimum torque test shall comply with the spacing of crib components of
force of 10 lbf (4.5 kg) to activate the release mechanism or Section 5 when turned to their most adverse position.
shall consist of a double-action device requiring two distinct 6.7 Spindle/Slat Strength Testing—After testing in accor-
and separate actions for release. dance with the procedure in 7.7, there shall be no complete
6.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test breakage of any spindle/slat or complete separation of either
Requirements—After testing in accordance with the procedure end of a spindle/slat from the crib assembly’s horizontal
in 7.4, the crib shall comply with the requirements of Section members when tested per 7.7.2 and 7.7.3 except as explained
5. Key structural elements attached by screws shall not have in 7.7.4. Any failure, as defined in this paragraph, when testing
separated by more than 0.04 in. (1.00 mm) upon completion of per 7.7.4 and 7.7.5 shall constitute a failure of the test. Audible
testing. indications during testing shall not constitute evidence of
6.5 Mattress Support System Test Requirement—When failure. After testing, the spacing between all adjacent intact
tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.5, the mattress spindles/slats shall comply with requirements of 5.8.2. Spacing
support system shall not detach from the crib at any point of between slats that have an intervening gap due to an allowable
attachment, or the force applied in 7.5.3.6 cannot be main- slat breakage shall not be evaluated for compliance with 5.8.2.
tained for 10 s. Any resultant damage to the rail or slat, or both, arising from
an allowed slat breakage, under subsection 7.7, shall not be
6.6 Crib Side Test Requirements—Each crib side containing evaluated for compliance with any other section of this
spindles or slats shall be tested in accordance with the standard.
procedure in 7.6.
6.6.1 After completion of the cyclic and static portions of 6.8 Cutouts—Cribs shall comply with the requirements for
the side tests, the crib shall comply with the requirements of cutouts when tested in accordance with the method outlined in
Section 5 and no spindles or slats shall have broken or 7.9.
completely separated from the top or bottom rail. Complete 6.9 Entrapment in Accessories—These requirements apply
separation shall be determined by placing a right triangular to accessories as defined in 3.1 that attach to or rest on a crib.
prism shaped wedge (see Fig. 3) between two spindles or slats (See Fig. 4 for an example of an accessory that attaches to the

FIG. 3 Crib Slat Loading Wedge

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FIG. 4 Example of Accessory Attached to Crib

crib on one side and has attachment points that rest on the crib 7.1.2 Apparatus for Plastic Teething Rail Test:
on the other side.) This only applies to accessories in the 7.1.2.1 Feeler Gage, 0.040 by 1 in. (1.00 by 25 mm).
occupant retention area. 7.1.2.2 Hardwood Block, with 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm)
6.9.1 When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10, contact area.
openings shall not allow the complete passage of the small 7.1.2.3 Hardware, to apply 50 lbf (222 N) to block.
head probe shown in Fig. 5, unless they allow the complete
7.1.3 Procedure for Plastic Teething Rail Test:
passage of the large head probe shown in Fig. 6.
7.1.3.1 Install the teething rail per normal manufacturing
6.9.2 When tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.10,
practice.
all attachment points shall remain attached and any opening
exposed by the test shall not allow the complete passage of the 7.1.3.2 With the plastic teething rail assembled to crib top
small head probe shown in Fig. 5. rail, apply a 50-lbf (222-N) vertically downward force to the
top of the teething rail through the hardwood block at the
6.10 Mattress Support System Openings—There shall be no center top of the teething rail. While maintaining this force,
openings in the mattress support system that will permit determine if the 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) feeler gage can be inserted
complete passage of the wedge block described in Fig. 7 when between the vertical surfaces of the top rail and the inside
tested in accordance with 7.11. surface or edge of the plastic teething rail (see Fig. 8).
6.11 The performance testing requirements of this section 7.1.3.3 Repeat 7.1.3.2 at center location wherever a plastic
shall be performed in the following order: teething rail is located.
(1) Teething rail test
(2) Cyclic testing 7.2 Dynamic Structural Tests:
(3) Crib side latch testing 7.2.1 Horizontal Cyclic Testing:
(4) Mattress support system vertical impact testing 7.2.1.1 The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly
(5) Mattress support system testing mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s
(6) Crib side testing instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be
(7) Slat/spindle strength test assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted
without casters. Items, such as drawers and hampers, when
7. Test Methods assembled in the manufacturer’s recommended use positions,
7.1 Plastic Teething Rail Test: that are intended to move or slide and can be removed without
7.1.1 General—This test consists of deforming the plastic the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
teething rail under load to determine the security of the 7.2.1.2 The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an
attachment. appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall

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 F1169 − 19

NOTE 1—Dimensions are based on a 5th percentile 6-month-old child. Gauge may be modified to facilitate testing to allow for pulling of the gauge.
FIG. 5 Small Head Probe

not impede the application of the load or deflection of the side without casters. Items, like drawers and hampers, when as-
being tested for all phases of this test procedure. sembled in the manufacturer’s recommended use positions,
7.2.1.3 By any appropriate means, mark and note the that are intended to move or slide and can be removed without
position and condition of all key structural elements to support the aid of tools shall be removed before testing.
evaluation of 6.2.1. 7.2.2.2 The crib legs or base shall be restrained by an
7.2.1.4 Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately appropriate method to prohibit movement of the crib and shall
designed apparatus, apply a cyclical horizontal load of 27 6 2 not impede the application of the load or deflection of the side
lbf (120 6 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each being tested for all phases of this test procedure.
side/end assembly at a point no more than 1 in. from the top of 7.2.2.3 By any appropriate means, mark and note the
the rail on the assembly being tested. The force shall be applied position and condition of all key structural elements to support
to the crib through a rigid 2 in. (51 mm) wide clamping device evaluation of 6.2.1.
in both the inward and outward directions, a cycle being
defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction. 7.2.2.4 Using a rigid frame structure and an appropriately
The frequency shall be no less than 155 6 5 cycles per minute. designed apparatus, apply a cyclical vertical load of 27 6 2 lbf
The total number of cycles shall be 9000. (120 6 9 N) to the geometric center of the top of each side/end
assembly at a point centered no more than 1 in. from the top of
NOTE 1—An appropriately designed apparatus for applying the 27 lbf to the rail on the assembly being tested. The force shall be applied
the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration
of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with
to the crib through a rigid 2-in. (51-mm) wide clamping device
repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the in both the upward and downward directions, a cycle being
constant application of 27 lbf. defined as the application of the 27 lbf force in each direction.
7.2.1.5 Repeat the steps described in 7.2.1.3 and 7.2.1.4 for The frequency shall be no less than 155 6 5 cycles per minute.
all remaining side/end assemblies of the crib without retight- The total number of cycles shall be 9000.
ening any of the fasteners. NOTE 2—An appropriately designed apparatus for applying the 27 lbf to
7.2.1.6 Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compli- the crib assembly must be designed to maintain the 27 lbf for the duration
ance with 6.2. of the cycle testing. The resistance of the crib assembly may change with
7.2.2 Vertical Cyclic Testing: repeated cycling requiring a different deflection distance to achieve the
constant application of 27 lbf.
7.2.2.1 The crib, including any accessories that are rigidly
mounted to the crib, shall be assembled per the manufacturer’s 7.2.2.5 Repeat the steps in 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4 for all
instructions except that any wheels or casters shall not be remaining assemblies of the crib without retightening any of
assembled. The testing in this section shall be conducted the fasteners.

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 F1169 − 19

NOTE 1—The 9.0 in. diameter is based on the back-of-head to tip-of-chin dimension for a 97th percentile 3-year old.
FIG. 6 Large Head Probe

7.2.2.6 Inspect the crib and the fasteners to ensure compli- the crib side at a point that is 6 in. (150 mm) from one end of
ance with 6.2. the rail. While the 60-lbf (270-N) downward force is applied to
7.3 Crib Side Latch Test: the crib side, gradually apply within 5 s a 30-lbf (133-N)
7.3.1 General—This test assists in evaluating the integrity horizontal force in a direction parallel to the moveable side.
of the crib side latching system under abusive load conditions. The point of application of this force shall be in the plane of the
The test applies a force to a movable/folding crib side in a moveable side and 1 in. (25 mm) down from the top of the crib
direction tending to cause latch failure while a horizontal force corner post (or crib end panel for construction not incorporat-
is applied parallel to the major axis of the crib. ing crib corner posts (see Fig. 9). Maintain this horizontal force
7.3.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Latch Test: for 30 s then reverse its direction and maintain it for an
7.3.2.1 Hardwood block with a contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 additional 30 s.
by 50 mm) for distribution of applied loads. 7.3.4.2 Repeat this procedure at the other end of the crib
7.3.3 Procedure for Crib Side Latch Test: moveable side and, if the crib has more than one moveable
7.3.3.1 Casters shall not be installed on crib. Secure the side, perform the test at each end of each moveable side.
bottom of the crib in a manner that will prevent horizontal
motion. 7.3.4.3 Upon completion of the test, release the moveable
7.3.4 Moveable Side Latch Test: side latch and lower the crib side. Then raise the side and
7.3.4.1 Gradually apply within 5 s a vertically downward observe whether the latch automatically engages in the manner
force of 60 lbf (270 N) through a hardwood block with a 2 by intended by the manufacturer.
2 in. (50 by 50 mm) contact area to the upper horizontal rail of 7.3.5 Folding Side Latch Test:

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 F1169 − 19

FIG. 7 Wedge Block

FIG. 8 Teething Rail Test

FIG. 9 Crib Side Latch Test

7.3.5.1 Place the folding side in the latched position.
Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50 Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction
by 50 mm), gradually apply within 5 s a force of 30 lbf (133-N) and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
horizontally outward, perpendicular to, and at a point that is 6 7.3.5.2 Place the folding side in the latched position.
in. (150 mm) from one end of the folding side upper rail. While Through a hardwood block with contact area of 2 by 2 in. (50
this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually by 50 mm), gradually apply within 5 s a force of 30 lbf (133-N)
apply within 5 s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force in a direction horizontally inward, perpendicular to, and at a point that is 6 in.
parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this (150 mm) from one end of the folding side upper rail. While
force shall be in the plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm) this 30-lbf (133-N) force is applied to the crib side, gradually
down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for apply within 5 s a 30-lbf (133-N) horizontal force in a direction
construction not incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9). parallel to the folding side. The point of application of this

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 F1169 − 19
force shall be in the plane of the folding side and 1 in. (25 mm)
down from the top of the crib corner post (or crib end panel for
construction not incorporating crib corner posts—see Fig. 9).
Maintain this horizontal force for 30 s then reverse its direction
and maintain it for an additional 30 s.
7.3.5.3 Repeat the procedures defined in 7.3.5.1 and 7.3.5.2
at the other end of the folding side. If the crib has more than
one folding side, perform this test at each end of each folding
side.
7.3.5.4 Upon completion of the test, release the folding side
latches and lower the crib side. Then raise the side and observe
whether the latches automatically engage in the manner in-
tended by the manufacturer.
7.4 Mattress Support System Vertical Impact Test:
7.4.1 General—This test consists of dropping a specified
weight repeatedly onto a polyurethane foam pad covered in
vinyl supported by the crib mattress support system. The test
assists in evaluating the structural integrity of the crib assem-
bly.
7.4.2 Apparatus:
7.4.2.1 A guided free-fall impacting system machine (which
keeps the upper surface of the impact mass parallel to the
horizontal surface on which the crib is secured) (see Fig. 10).
7.4.2.2 A 45-lb (20-kg) impact mass (see Fig. 11 and Fig.
12). FIG. 11 Profile of Impact Mass
7.4.2.3 A 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge.
7.4.2.4 A 2-in. (50-mm) square gauge/spacer block.
7.4.2.5 A test mattress with a 3-in. (7.6-cm) thick sheet of
polyurethane foam having a density of 1.9 6 0.4 lb/ft (30 6 6
of the test mattress dimensions are to be determined by placing
kg/m3), a 25 % indentation force deflection (IFD) of 32.4 6 6.7
the mattress on the mattress support and pushing it fully over
lb (144 6 30 N) and dimensions that shall not be more than 1
to one side. Measure the gap formed between the mattress and
in. (25 mm) shorter and 1 in. (25 mm) narrower than the
the crib side/end assemblies, which should not be greater than
respective interior dimensions of the product, covered with a
1 in. (25 mm) in both the length and width.
tight-fitting 8- to 12-gauge vinyl material (tick). The suitability
7.4.3 Procedure:
7.4.3.1 Adjust the mattress support to its lowest position.
7.4.3.2 Put the test mattress in place. Do NOT use the
mattress supplied with the crib. The same test mattress may be
used for testing more than one crib if it meets the requirements
of 7.4.2.5.
7.4.3.3 Secure the product to the horizontal test plane,
remove the castors if supplied. Once the test has begun, no
attempt shall be made at retightening fasteners which may have
loosened because of vibration. The test shall proceed without
any corrective intervention of adjusting the height difference
between the drop weight and mattress, until its completion,
unless extensive damage, dislodging or deformation occurs
during the course of the test, in which case the test shall be
terminated.
7.4.3.4 Position the geometric center of the test mattress
below the geometric center of the impact mass.
7.4.3.5 Adjust the distance between the top surface of the
mattress and bottom surface of the impact mass to 6 in. (150
mm) (using the 6-in. (150-mm) long gauge, per 7.4.2.3) when
the impact mass is in its highest position. Lock the impactor
mechanism at this height and do not adjust the height during
impacting to compensate for any change in distance as a result
of the mattress compressing or the mattress support deforming
FIG. 10 Typical Test Frame or moving during impacting.

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FIG. 12 View of Impact Mass

7.4.3.6 Allow the 45-lb (20.0-kg) impact mass to fall freely the other side that makes up the corner to be tested (see Fig.
150 times at the rate of one impact every 4 s. Load retraction 14).
shall not begin until at least 2 s after the start of the drop.
7.5 Mattress Support System Test:
7.4.3.7 Repeat the step described in 7.4.3.6 at each corner of
the mattress support, with the center of the impact mass 6 in. 7.5.1 General—This test assists in evaluating the integrity
(150 mm) from the two sides forming the corners of the crib. of the attachment of the mattress support to the crib. A
To position the mass for a standard rectangular-shaped crib, vertically upward force is applied to the mattress support to
place a 2-in. (50-mm) spacer block against one of the sides of evaluate its attachment to the crib.
the corner to be tested and move the impact mass until it 7.5.2 Apparatus for Mattress Support System Test:
touches the spacer block (see Fig. 13). Repeat this process for 7.5.2.1 Corner Block, see Fig. 15.

FIG. 13 Spacer Block

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 F1169 − 19

FIG. 14 Spacer Block

only one corner. If more than one support design is used, each
point of attachment utilizing a different design must be tested.
7.5.3.4 Apply the force with the mattress support in each of
the adjustment positions.
7.5.3.5 Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force to the mattress
support through a diagonally positioned test member such that
the centerline of this test member contacts the underside of the
mattress support at points 6 in. (150 mm) from the corner of the
support (6 in. (150 mm) from the projected corner for a
mattress support not having a square corner). (See Fig. 15.)
7.5.3.6 Apply the 25-lbf (111-N) force gradually within a
period of 5 s and maintain it for an additional 10 s before
releasing the force.
7.6 Crib Side Test:
7.6.1 General—This test consists of repeatedly impacting a
crib side/end bottom rail by a specified weight. After complet-
ing the cyclic testing, structural integrity is tested by applying
a static pull to the side assembly followed by a torque test of
each spindle or slat.
7.6.2 Apparatus for Crib Side Cyclic Test—The apparatus
for the cyclic test (see Fig. 16) includes the following:
7.6.2.1 A 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight.
7.6.2.2 A 0.375-in. (9-mm) thick 30 Type A durometer
rubber pad large enough to cover the impact area.
FIG. 15 Typical Mattress Support Detail
7.6.2.3 Impactor with a width of 1 in. (25 mm) and sufficient
length to extend across the full width of the bottom rail.
7.6.3 Apparatus for Crib Side Static Test—A 100-lb (45.4-
7.5.3 Procedure for Mattress Support System Test: kg) weight.
7.5.3.1 Secure the crib to prevent upward motion during this 7.6.4 Crib Side Cyclic Tests:
test. 7.6.4.1 The crib is to be assembled in accordance with the
7.5.3.2 All procedures will be conducted with no mattress in manufacturer’s instructions except that casters shall not be
the crib. installed on the crib.
7.5.3.3 If the mattress support system utilizes a common 7.6.4.2 Secure the bottom ends of the crib to eliminate
support design at all points of attachment, testing is required in horizontal motion at the base.

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 F1169 − 19
incorporating folding or moveable sides for purposes of easier
access to the occupant, storage, or transport, or a combination
thereof, each side segment (portion of side separated by hinges
for folding) shall be tested separately.
7.7.2 Gradually, over a period of not less than 2 s nor greater
than 5 s, apply an 80-lb force (355.8 N) perpendicular to the
plane of the side at the midpoint, between the top and bottom
of the spindle/slat being tested. This force shall be applied
through a force measuring device and contact area 1 6 1⁄16 in.
(25.4 6 1.6 mm) wide by a length at least equal to the width
of the spindle/slat being tested at the point of application. This
force shall be maintained for 10 s. The force measuring device
must be capable of recording the force at breakage, if breakage
occurs during this test. This force measuring device must be
capable of a maximum measurement resolution of 0.25 lbf
(1.11 N).
7.7.3 Test, according to 7.7.2, 25 % (rounding up to the
nearest percentage, if necessary) of all spindles/slats. Spindles/
slats that offer the least resistance to bending based upon their
geometry shall be selected to be tested within this grouping of
25 % except that adjacent spindles/slats shall not be tested.
7.7.4 Upon completion of testing as defined in 7.7.2 and
7.7.3, no spindle/slat shall have failed at an applied force less
than or equal to 60 lbf. If no more than one spindle/slat fails
and that failure occurs only as the result of an applied force
greater than 60 lbf, then an additional 25 % of spindles/slats
shall be tested per 7.7.2 and 7.7.3. During testing of this second
25 %, any spindle/slat failure (at or below 80 lbf) shall
constitute failure of the test.
7.7.5 End vertical rails that are joined between the slat
FIG. 16 Typical Side Assembly Test Fixture
assembly top and bottom rails are not considered slats and do
not require testing to this procedure.
7.6.4.3 Allow the 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight to free-fall 3 in. 7.8 Component Spacing Test Method—Construct a right
(76 mm) 250 times at a rate of 4 6 1 s/cycle such that it triangular prism-shaped wedge from a rigid material (steel,
impacts directly upon the 0.375-in. (9-mm) thick rubber pad wood, aluminum, or equivalent) as shown in Fig. 3. Place the
located on the top surface of the bottom rail between two wedge midway between two vertical components and midway
adjacent spindles or slats as near the center of the rail as between the top and bottom horizontal rails. Attach a suitable
possible. force gauge to the eyebolt and exert a 20-lb (9-kg) direct pull
7.6.5 Crib Side Static Test: on the wedge. The test may be performed by suspending a
7.6.5.1 Upon completion of the cyclic test, apply a weight of 20-lb (9-kg) weight from the eyebolt with the crib component
100 lb (45.4 kg) at the point of impact testing while the side is placed in a horizontal position.
supported on the top rail at a point vertically in line with the 7.9 Cutout Testing Method—Cribs shall comply with the
point of weight application. following test requirements:
7.6.5.2 The contact area for the load and reaction support 7.9.1 Place the neck of the headform probe shown in Fig. 17
shall be the same as the impact area previously defined. into any cutout (partially bounded opening) located along the
7.6.5.3 Apply the weight gradually within a period of 5 s upper edges of an end or side panel. The axis of the neck shall
and maintain it for an additional 30 s. be horizontal and at right angles to the plane of the panel at the
7.6.6 Crib Side Spindle/Slat Torque Test—Apply a torque of point of contact. The head portion of the probe shall be on the
30 lbf-in. (3.4 N-m) at the midpoint in height of each spindle outer side of the panel. With the neck resting on the panel at
or slat. any point within the cutout area (testing shall be conducted at
7.7 Spindle/Slat Static Load Strength—Testing, as defined in all points that could result in a failure), and the front of the
this section, shall be the last in the sequence of testing probe pointing downwards, draw the head of the probe towards
performed upon a crib. the panel until surface “A” makes contact with the outer side of
7.7.1 The spindle/slat static force test shall be performed the panel (see Fig. 18).
with the spindle/slat assemblies removed from the crib and 7.9.2 Press down on the neck to cause the head to swing
rigidly supported within 3 in. of each end of at the upper and upwards through the cutout in the panel. The probe shall not be
lower horizontal rails in a manner that shall not interfere with rotated about the major axis of the neck during this procedure.
a spindle/slat deflecting under the applied force. For cribs The arc through which the head is swung shall be in a vertical

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FIG. 17 Headform Probe

FIG. 18 Headform Probe Neck and Swing Axes

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 F1169 − 19
plane and terminate when the major axis of the neck attains an configurations, other than the manufacturer’s intended use
upright position or is prevented from attaining an upright position fastened on top of the product surface. In addition,
position by an obstruction. During the test, contact shall be restraint straps are to be evaluated as follows:
maintained between surface “A” (or at least one of edges 7.10.4.1 Evaluation on Underside of Accessory—If any
“AB”), the neck of the headform probe and the panel. If, during restraint component can be pushed or pulled with a force less
the swing to the upright position, an edge or surface other than than 25 lbf (111 N) through any opening that extends com-
surface “D” is contacted, sideways motion of the headform pletely through the accessory, the restraint component shall be
shall not be restrained, but the arc through which the headform pushed or pulled through the accessory and evaluated in the
is swung shall remain vertical. fastened and unfastened condition below the lowest surface on
7.9.3 If a cutout is V-shaped (the side boundaries or the the underside of the accessory (see Fig. 19). Any loop(s)
tangents to the side boundaries are nowhere parallel), an formed shall not allow complete passage of the small head
additional test shall be performed on the cutout. Upon comple- probe.
tion of the swing to the upright position, rock the headform 7.10.4.2 When fastened per the manufacturer’s instructions,
sideways parallel to the plane of the panel while maintaining extended to their greatest length and draped over the side of the
contact between surface “A” or an edge “AB” and the panel. accessory (see Fig. 20), restraint straps shall not allow com-
This will result in the probe sliding toward the bottom of the plete passage of the small head probe below the lowest surface
cutout. The maximum angle through which the headform is on the underside of the accessory.
rocked shall be determined by contact with the panel by a
surface or edge other than “A” or “AB” or until one of the 7.11 Openings—Without the test mattress on the bed, insert
surfaces “B” is in a vertical plane. the tapered end of the wedge block shown in Fig. 7 in the most
7.9.4 During the test described in 7.9.2 and 7.9.3, no portion adverse orientation, into any opening in the mattress support
of the panel shall contact: system and gradually apply a 25-lbf (111-N) force perpendicu-
7.9.4.1 Simultaneously more than one of surfaces “B,” “C,” lar to the plane of the opening within a period of 5 s. Maintain
or edges “BC,” “CC,” or “CD,” in any combination if they are this force for 30 s.
on opposing sides of the headform, and 7.12 Locking Mechanism Test—With the product in the
7.9.4.2 Any of surfaces “D”. manufacturer’s recommended use position, gradually apply a
NOTE 3—Edges are identified by the letter designations for surfaces that
force of 10 lbf (45 N) to the locking mechanism in the direction
lie on either side of the edge. tending to unlock it. The locking mechanism shall not unlock
until the force of 10 lbf (45 N) is exceeded.
7.10 Entrapment in Accessories Test Method:
7.10.1 The following tests shall be performed when acces- 7.13 Cord/Strap Length Test Method—Using a 3⁄4-in. (19-
sories are secured to the crib in accordance with the manufac- mm) diameter clamping surface (Fig. 21), gradually apply a
turer’s instructions. If there is more than one accessory, or 5-lbf (22-N) force, then measure the cord length while the
more than one location for an accessory to be secured, the force is applied.
product shall be tested with the accessory or combination of 7.14 Permanency of Labels and Warnings Testing:
accessories in the position most likely to cause failure in the
7.14.1 A paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam)
occupant retention area only.
shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to remove
7.10.2 Opening Test—For all openings, rotate the small head
it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, it
probe (Fig. 5) to the orientation most likely to fail and
tears into pieces upon removal, or such action damages the
gradually apply an upward or outward force (from the crib
surface to which it is attached.
occupant area) of 25 lbf (111 N). Apply the force to the probe
in the direction most likely to fail within a period of 5 s and 7.14.2 A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by a
maintain it for an additional 10 s. If the small head probe (Fig. seam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to
5) can pass entirely through the opening in any orientation, remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be
determine if the large head probe (Fig. 6) can be freely inserted removed or such action damages the surface to which it is
through the opening. attached.
7.10.3 Detachment Test—Gradually apply an upward or 7.14.3 A warning label attached by a seam shall be consid-
outward force (from the crib occupant area) of 25 lbf (111 N) ered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15-lbf
through a 2-in. (50-mm) diameter pad to any accessory portion (67-N) pull force applied in any direction most likely to cause
most likely to cause the accessory to detach or expose an failure using a 3⁄4-in. (19-mm) diameter clamp surface (see Fig.
opening. Apply the force within a period of 5 s. Evaluate any 21). Gradually apply the force over 5 s and maintain for an
exposed opening for free passage of the small head probe (Fig. additional 10 s.
5). 7.14.4 Adhesion Test for Warnings Applied Directly onto the
7.10.4 Cord/Strap Length Test—With the accessory in- Surface of the Product:
stalled on the crib per the manufacturer’s instructions, cords 7.14.4.1 Apply the tape test defined in Test Method B –
and straps on the accessory, whether fastened or unfastened, Cross-Cut Tape Test of Test Methods D3359 eliminating
must not be capable of forming a loop in conjunction with the parallel cuts.
product that allows complete passage of the small head probe. 7.14.4.2 Perform this test once in each different location
Restraints straps shall be evaluated in all possible where warnings are applied.

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FIG. 19 Example of Cord on Underside of Accessory

7.14.4.3 The warning statements shall be considered perma- 8.1.2.2 A model number, stock number, catalog number,
nent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attached item number, or other symbol expressed numerically, in code
after being subjected to this test. or otherwise, such that only articles of identical construction,
7.14.5 Test for Attachment of Storage Pouch or Other Parts composition, and dimensions shall bear identical markings.
With Printed Warnings—Using a clamp with a 3⁄4-in. (19-mm) 8.1.3 The following warning shall appear on the retail
diameter clamping surface (see Fig. 21) to grasp the pouch or carton and on inside of a side or end assembly or on the top
part, gradually apply a 15-lbf (65-N) force in a direction surface of the mattress support in a type size of at least 1⁄4 in.:
parallel to the plane of the surface of the pouch or part it is “CAUTION: Any mattress used in this crib shall be at least
fastened to. Apply the force over a 5-s period and hold for an 27 1⁄4 by 51 5⁄8 in. with a thickness not exceeding 6 in.”; or
additional 10 s. “CAUTION: Any mattress used in this crib shall be at least
69 by 131 cm with a thickness not exceeding 15 cm.”
8. Marking and Labeling
8.1.4 These markings shall appear in block letters, shall
8.1 All cribs and retail cartons there of shall be suitably contrast sharply with the background (by color, projection, or
marked and labeled in accordance with this section. indentation, or a combination thereof), and shall be clearly
8.1.1 Markings on a crib shall be of a permanent nature such visible and legible. The dimensions of the mattress shall be
as paint-stenciled, die-stamped, molded or indelibly stamped taken from seam to seam or edge to edge where appropriate.
directly thereon or permanently affixed, fastened, or attached
thereto by means of a tag, token or other suitable medium. The 8.2 Warning statements shall be easy to read and under-
markings shall not be readily removable or subject to oblitera- stand. The warning statements shall be in contrasting color(s)
tion during the normal use of the article or when the article is and permanent. The text shall be in sans serif type. The safety
subjected to reasonably foreseeable damage or abuse. alert symbol “"” and the word “WARNING” shall not be less
8.1.2 All cribs and retail cartons thereof shall be clearly than 0.2 in. (5 mm) high and the remainder of the text shall be
marked to indicate: in characters whose upper case shall be at least 0.1 in. (2.4 mm)
8.1.2.1 The name and place of business (city and state) of high.
the manufacturer, importer, distributor, or seller, or a combi- 8.2.1 Crib designs shall only allow assembly of key struc-
nation thereof; and tural elements in the manufacturer’s recommended use position

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 F1169 − 19

FIG. 20 Entrapment in Restraint Straps

sembled according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the

recommended maximum thickness mattress in place. For cribs
with an adjustable height mattress support, the label shall be
visible when evaluated with the mattress adjusted into both the
highest and lowest adjustment positions.
8.3.1 The warning shall be visible in its entirety when one
short side and one long side of the crib are positioned in a
corner formed by two vertical walls. Using this corner,
evaluate the crib with each short side placed against a wall as
noted below:
8.3.1.1 Cribs with two identical long folding or stationary
sides shall be evaluated with each long folding or stationary
side against a wall.
8.3.1.2 Cribs with one folding side and one long stationary
side shall be evaluated with the stationary side against a wall.
8.3.1.3 Cribs with two long stationary sides that are differ-
ent designs, one of which is designed or intended to be placed
against a wall (such as a higher long side or solid long side
panel), shall be evaluated with the long stationary side de-
signed or intended to be against a wall placed against a wall.
FIG. 21 3⁄4-in. (19-mm) Diameter Clamp
NOTE 4—When evaluating the location of the warning for visibility in
each orientation of the crib, locations on the inside of the long side that is
or have permanent markings that indicate their proper orienta- not against the wall are not considered to be visible.
tion. The markings shall be conspicuous in any misassembled 8.3.2 The warning shall state:
state. " WARNING: Infants can suffocate on soft bedding.
8.3 The following warning shall be visible in its entirety Never add a pillow or comforter. Never place additional
when evaluated according to this section with the crib as- padding under an infant.

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8.4 Additional warning statements shall address the follow- 8.4.1.4 Check this product for damaged hardware, loose
ing and must be visible in their entirety per 8.3, or product must joints, loose bolts or other fasteners, missing parts, or sharp
have a visible warning per 8.3 giving the location of said edges before and after assembly and frequently during use.
warning statements, which must be affixed to the crib in Securely tighten loose bolts and other fasteners. DO NOT use
accordance with 5.18, as follows: crib if any parts are missing, damaged or broken. Contact
WARNING See (insert statement indicating to the user (insert manufacturer’s name) for replacement parts and instruc-
where to find the warning) for warnings. tional literature if needed. DO NOT substitute parts.
The warning shall state: " WARNING: Failure to follow 8.5 Additional warning statements shall be permanently
these warnings and the assembly instructions could result in affixed to either an end assembly or mattress support and
serious injury or death. visible in their entirety when the crib mattress is removed. The
The word “WARNING” preceding the above statement is warnings shall address the following:
not required if this statement is positioned such that it is seen 8.5.1 Cribs equipped with teething rails shall include a
as a continuation of the warning statement defined in 8.3.1. statement addressing:
8.4.1 The warnings shall address the following including *Replace teething rail if damaged, cracked or loose.
the hazard where identified. The warnings may be expressed in 8.5.2 If refinishing, use a non-toxic finish specified for
different words if those words convey clearly the same warn- children’s products.
ing. 8.5.3 Follow warnings on all products in a crib.
8.4.1.1 To reduce the risk of SIDS, pediatricians recom-
mend healthy infants be placed on their backs to sleep, unless 9. Instructional Literature
otherwise advised by your physician.
9.1 Instructions shall be provided with the crib and shall be
8.4.1.2 Strangulation Hazard:
easy to read and understand. These instructions shall include
*Strings can cause strangulation! Do not place items with
information on assembly, maintenance, cleaning, storage and
a string around a child’s neck, such as hood strings or pacifier
use, an assembly drawing, a list and description of all parts and
cords. Do not suspend strings over a crib or attach strings to
tools required for assembly, and a full-size diagram of the
toys.
required bolts and other fasteners. A means shall be provided to
*To help prevent strangulation tighten all fasteners. A child
keep the instructions with the crib.
can trap parts of the body or clothing on loose fasteners.
*DO NOT place crib near window where cords from blinds 9.2 Instructions shall contain warnings in accordance with
or drapes may strangle a child. Section 8. In addition, instructions shall have warnings ad-
8.4.1.3 Fall Hazard: dressing:
*When child is able to pull to a standing position, set *Read all instructions before assembling crib. Keep in-
mattress to lowest position and remove bumper pads, large toys structions for future use.
and other objects that could serve as steps for climbing out. *Never use plastic shipping bags or other plastic film as
*Stop using crib when child begins to climb out or reaches mattress covers because they can cause suffocation.
the height of 35 in. (89 cm). *Infants can suffocate in gaps between crib sides and a
*After raising side, make sure latches are secure (omit for mattress that is too small.
stationary side cribs).
*DO NOT leave child in crib with side lowered. Be sure 10. Keywords
side is in raised and locked position whenever child is in crib 10.1 crib corner post entanglement; crib structural integrity;
(omit for stationary side cribs). crib warning labels and instructional material

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DESIGN GUIDELINES

X1.1 Crib Rail Design Guidelines—Crib rails that use should be 0.50 in. (13 mm).
gluing as the principle means of attachment of slats or spindles
to the upper and lower rails, should use an additional mechani- X1.2 Slat Lumber Properties Design Guidelines—Slats
cal system of attachment. If a problem occurs in the gluing shall be visually free of lumber defects such as large knots and
process, or the glue joint becomes compromised over time due obvious grain defects. It is recommended that slats with large
to use or environmental factors, or both, this will reduce the knots covering more than 20 % of the width of the slat at any
likelihood of a hazardous condition resulting from loose slats horizontal section line not be used if the slat has an overall
or spindles. Minimum depth of insertion of all spindles/slats width less than 1.5 in. (3.8 cm).

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X1.3 The instructions are recommended to be written at a
grade 6.0 level or lower on the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level
scale.

X2. RATIONALE

X2.1 Subsection 5.5—Although joining methods, such as X2.3 Subsection 5.6.2—While previous standard require-
finger-joints, can result in a structurally sound component, ments permitted a 9-in. dimension from the top of the mattress
there is also the possibility of a weak joint due to a manufac- support in its highest position, to the top of the drop side, in its
turing defect. As slats typically have small cross-sectional lowest position, that combination was never intended for
areas, the risk of a manufacturing defect leading to a structural leaving the infant unattended but rather for ease of access by
failure is significant. the caregiver. With the elimination of the drop side, this
X2.2 Subsection 5.6.1—This language would require a relative dimension must be such that an infant of appropriate
rigidly attached side assembly, similar to a stationary side, up age, size and activity level may safely be left unattended with
to a dimension of at least 20 in. above the mattress support in the mattress in its highest position, as that is certainly the
its lowest position. However, this language would permit a intention. For a crib using a 6-in. thick mattress, the result of
folding gate or other movable side mechanisms to be used this requirement would be 9 in. of vertical rail height to retain
above this dimension to improve access to the occupant. the small infant.
Section 5 requires, in part, that no toehold exist less than 20 in.
above the mattress support in its lowest position. This 6-in. X2.4 Subsection 7.7.1—During the development of the
downward dimension relative to the top rail is used rather than spindle/slat testing procedure, consideration wasn’t given to
the 20 in. dimension from the mattress support upward to testing crib sides that fold either for access to the occupant or
address concern raised by CPSC that a tall assembly above a for storage and transport. While the defined testing support
toehold makes climbing out of the crib easier. By referencing requirements work adequately for a crib side with no moving
the top of the top rail to establish the toehold, this concern is segments, this method does not clearly define testing proce-
addressed. dures for segmented sides.

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