Gear Train.
Combination of two
or more gears when
they made to mesh
each other to
transmit power
from one shaft to
another.
Types of Gear Train.
Simple Gear Train
Compound Gear
Train
Riveted Gear train
Epicycle Gear
Train
Simple Gear Train
When there is only
one gear on each
shaft.
Simple Gear Train
• Multiple gears can be connected together to form a
gear train.
Each shaft carries
only one gear
wheel.
Intermediate gears are
known as Idler Gears.
Why we use idler gear ?
The only function of
the idler gear is to
change the direction of
rotation.
It has no affect on the
gear ratio.
idler gear
Idler gear
Driver
Idler gear
Driven
Module
t=Number of teeth on the gear
D=Pitch circle diameter,
N=speed in rpm
m=module=D/t
Module must be same for all gears
otherwise they would not mesh.
DA DB DC
m= = =
tA tB tC
DA = m t A ; DB = m t B and DC = m tC
= angular velocity.
D
v = linear velocity ( pitchline) on the pitchcircle. v = = r
2
The pitch line velocity v on the pitch circle must be the
same for all the gears, otherwise they would be
slipping.
DA DB DC
v A B C
2 2 2
A DA B DB C DC
A m t A B m t B C m t C
A t A B t B C t C
or in terms of rev / min
N A t A N B t B N C tC
Input speed
The speed ratio
Output speed
If gear A is the input and gear C is the output;
N A tC
Speed ratio
NC t A
NC Speed of driven gear
If is also called the Train value
N A Speed of driver gear
Power Transmission
The power transmitted by a torque is given by
2 N Tq
P
60
In an ideal gear box, the input and output
powers are the same so;
2 N1 Tq1 2 N 2 Tq 2
P
60 60
Tq 2 N1
N1 Tq1 N 2 Tq 2 GR
Tq1 N2
It follows that if the speed is reduced, the torque
is increased and vice versa. In a real gear box,
power is lost through friction and the power
output is smaller than the power input. The
efficiency is defined as:
Power out 2 N 2 Tq 2 60 N 2 Tq 2
Power In 2 N1 Tq1 60 N1 Tq1
Compound Gear Train
When there are
more than one gear
on a shaft,it is
called a
compound gear train
Compound Gear Train
If two gear wheels are mounted
on a common shaft then it’s a
Compound Gear train.
Driver Compound
Gear
Driven
Compound Gear train
• For large velocities ratios,
Input
compound gear train
arrangement is preferred.
B
D
• The pitch line velocity of
A and B are the same so: A Output
C
• A tA = B tB Compound Gears
GEAR 'B'
• -as they are simple gears.
GEAR 'A'
GEAR 'D'
• Likewise for C and D,
• C tC = D tD. GEAR 'C'
A B C D
and
tB tA tD tC
tB B tD D
A and C
tA TC
tB B tD D
A C
tA tC
A C t B t D
B D t A tC
Since gear B and C are on the same shaft
B C Input
A tB tD B
GR D
D t A tC A Output
Since 2 N C
The gear ratio may be Compound Gears
GEAR 'B'
written as :
N In t B t D GEAR 'A'
GR GEAR 'D'
N Out t A tC
GEAR 'C'
Reverted Gear Train
When the axes of the first
driver and the last driven
are co-axial, then the
gear train is known as
reverted gear train.
In a reverted gear train, the
motion of the first gear and
the last gear is same.
Epicyclic Gear Train
Epicyclic means one
gear revolving upon and
around another. The
design involves planet
and sun gears as one
orbits the other like a
planet around the sun.
Epicyclic Gear Train
A small gear at the
center called the
sun, several
medium sized gears
called the planets
and a large external
gear called the ring
gear.
Epicyclic Gear Train
21
Epicyclic Gear Train
22
(a) A simple epicyclic gear train; (b) its schematic diagram
Velocity ratio of
epicyclic gear train
The following two methods may be used for finding out the
velocity ratio of an epicyclic gear train.
1.Tabular method
2. Algebraic method
1. Tabular method
TA = Number of teeth on gear A
TB = Number of teeth on gear B.
Suppose that the arm is fixed.
Therefore, the axes of both the gears are also
fixed relative to each other. When the gear A
makes one revolution anticlockwise, the gear B
will make TA / TB
NB / NA = TA / TB
Since NA = 1 revolution, therefore
NB = TA / TB
Assuming the anticlockwise rotation as positive
and clockwise as negative.
Compound Epicyclic Gear Train
(Sun and Planet Gear)
Arm acts as follower.
ADVANTAGES of Simple Gear Train
to connect gears where a large center
distance is required
to obtain desired direction of motion of the
driven gear ( CW or CCW)
to obtain high speed ratio
ADVANTAGES of Compound
Gear Train
A much larger speed reduction from
the first shaft to the last shaft can be
obtained with small gear.
If a simple gear trains used to give a
large speed reduction, the last gear has to
be very large.
Advantages of Riverted
Gear Train
The reverted gear trains are used in automotive
transmissions, lathe back gears, industrial speed
reducers, and in clocks (where the minute and hour
hand shafts are co-axial).
ADVANTAGES of Epicyclic
Gear Train
They have higher gear ratios.
They are popular for automatic transmissions in
automobiles.
They are also used in bicycles for controlling power
of pedaling automatically or manually.
They are also used for power transmission between
internal combustion engine and an electric motor.
