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VO2max Calculation and Influencing Factors

The document discusses VO2max, the ability to deliver and use oxygen during exercise, highlighting factors influencing it such as cardiac output and arteriovenous difference. It details how training can improve VO2max through increased stroke volume and muscle oxygen extraction, while also addressing the effects of detraining on VO2max and mitochondrial adaptations. Additionally, it provides expected increases in VO2max from various training methods and presents reference values for different sports.

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Alankar Choudhary
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35 views15 pages

VO2max Calculation and Influencing Factors

The document discusses VO2max, the ability to deliver and use oxygen during exercise, highlighting factors influencing it such as cardiac output and arteriovenous difference. It details how training can improve VO2max through increased stroke volume and muscle oxygen extraction, while also addressing the effects of detraining on VO2max and mitochondrial adaptations. Additionally, it provides expected increases in VO2max from various training methods and presents reference values for different sports.

Uploaded by

Alankar Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

• VO2 – Ability to Deliver & Use Oxygen

• Oxygen uptake increases linearly until VO2max is


reached
• No further increase in VO2 with increasing work
rate

VO2max • Physiological factors influencing VO2max


• Ability of cardiorespiratory system to deliver
oxygen to muscles
• Ability of muscles to use oxygen and produce ATP
aerobically
Changes in Oxygen
Uptake With
Incremental Exercise

Unit –
Absolute – L/min
Relative – ml/kg/min
Calculation of VO2max
• Product of maximal cardiac output (Q) and arteriovenous
difference (a-vO2)

VO2max = HRmax x SVmax x (a-vO2)max


• Improvements in VO2max
• 50% due to  SV
• 50% due to  a-vO2
• Differences in VO2max in normal subjects
• Due to differences in SVmax
Stroke Volume and
Increased VO2max
• Increased SVmax
•  Preload (EDV)
•  Plasma volume
•  Venous return
•  Ventricular volume
•  Afterload (TPR)
•  Arterial constriction
•  Maximal muscle blood flow with no
change in mean arterial pressure
•  Contractility
Factors Increasing Stroke Volume
a-vO2 Difference and Increased VO2max
• Improved ability of the muscle to extract oxygen from the blood
•  Muscle blood flow
•  Capillary density
•  Mitochondrial number
• Increased a-vO2 difference accounts for 50% of increased VO2max
Factors
Causing
Increased
VO2max
Training and VO2max

Training to increase VO2max Expected increases in VO2max Genetic predisposition

Large muscle groups, dynamic activity 15% (average) - 40% (strenuous or Accounts for 40%-66% VO2max
20-60 min, 3-5 times/week, 50-85% prolonged training)
VO2max Greater increase in highly deconditioned
or diseased subjects
Endurance training

HIIT

Altitude training

Heat training
Endurance Training Effects on Performance

Improved performance Structural and biochemical


following endurance training changes in muscle
 Mitochondrial number
•  Enzyme activity
 Capillary density
Structural and Biochemical Adaptations to
Endurance Training
•  Mitochondrial number
•  Oxidative enzymes
• Krebs cycle (citrate synthase)
• Fatty acid (-oxidation) cycle
• Electron transport chain
•  NADH shuttling system
• Change in type of LDH
• Adaptations quickly lost with detraining
Detraining and
VO2max
• Decrease in VO2max with
cessation of training
•  SVmax
•  maximal a-vO2 difference
• Opposite of training effect
About 50% of the increase in
mitochondrial content was lost after
one week of detraining
Detraining
Changes in All of the adaptations were lost after
Mitochondria five weeks of detraining

It took four weeks of retraining to


regain the adaptations lost in the
first week of detraining
Training/Detraining
Mitochondrial
Changes
VO2max (ml/kg/min)
Sports
Male Female
Kho Kho 48 - 51 32 – 64
Reference
Kabaddi 48 – 51 42 – 48
Values
Hockey 55 – 59 49 - 55
TT 53 – 56 41 – 44
Swimming 55 – 65 55 – 65
Taekwondo 55 – 60 50 – 54

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