1.
/*Problem 2: Library System with Dynamic Allocation
Objective: Manage a library system where book details are dynamically stored
using pointers inside a structure.
Description:
Define a structure Book with fields:
char *title: Pointer to dynamically allocated memory for the book's title
char *author: Pointer to dynamically allocated memory for the author's name
int *copies: Pointer to the number of available copies (stored dynamically)
Write a program to:
Dynamically allocate memory for n books.
Accept and display book details.
Update the number of copies of a specific book.
Free all allocated memory before exiting.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Book {
char *title;
char *author;
int *copies;
};
void addDetails(struct Book *books, int *noOfBooks);
void displayDetails(struct Book *books, int *noOfBooks);
void updateCopies(struct Book *books, int *noOfBooks, char *title);
int main() {
int noOfBooks;
printf("Enter the number of books: ");
scanf("%d", &noOfBooks);
struct Book *books = (struct Book *) malloc(noOfBooks * sizeof(struct Book));
int choice;
while (1) {
printf("\nLibrary System\n");
printf("1. Add Book Details\n");
printf("2. Display Book Details\n");
printf("3. Update Copies\n");
printf("4. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
getchar();
printf("\n");
switch (choice) {
case 1:
addDetails(books, &noOfBooks);
break;
case 2:
displayDetails(books, &noOfBooks);
break;
case 3:
char userEnteredTitle[100];
printf("Enter the title of the book to update copies: ");
fgets(userEnteredTitle, sizeof(userEnteredTitle), stdin);
userEnteredTitle[strcspn(userEnteredTitle, "\n")] = '\0';
updateCopies(books, &noOfBooks, userEnteredTitle);
break;
case 4:
printf("Exiting...\n");
for (int i = 0; i < noOfBooks; i++) {
free(books[i].title);
free(books[i].author);
free(books[i].copies);
}
free(books);
return 0;
default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
void addDetails(struct Book *books, int *noOfBooks) {
for (int i = 0; i < *noOfBooks; i++) {
books[i].title = (char *) malloc(100 * sizeof(char));
books[i].author = (char *) malloc(100 * sizeof(char));
books[i].copies = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int));
printf("Enter title of book %d: ", i + 1);
fgets(books[i].title, 100, stdin);
books[i].title[strcspn(books[i].title, "\n")] = '\0';
printf("Enter author of book %d: ", i + 1);
fgets(books[i].author, 100, stdin);
books[i].author[strcspn(books[i].author, "\n")] = '\0';
printf("Enter number of copies of book %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", books[i].copies);
getchar();
printf("Book %s added to library\n",books[i].title);
}
printf("Details added successfully.\n");
}
void displayDetails(struct Book *books, int *noOfBooks) {
if(books == NULL) {
printf("No books added yet.\n");
return;
}
printf("\nBook Details\n");
printf("Title Author Copies\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------------\n");
for (int i = 0; i < *noOfBooks; i++) {
printf("%-20s %-20s %-10d\n", books[i].title, books[i].author,
*(books[i].copies));
}
printf("\n");
}
void updateCopies(struct Book *books, int *noOfBooks, char *title) {
int found = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < *noOfBooks; i++) {
if (strcmp(books[i].title, title) == 0) {
printf("Enter new number of copies for book %s: ", title);
scanf("%d", books[i].copies);
getchar();
printf("Copies updated successfully.\n");
found = 1;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
printf("Book not found.\n");
}
}
2.
/*Problem 1: Dynamic Student Record Management
Objective: Manage student records using pointers to structures and dynamically
allocate memory for student names.
Description:
Define a structure Student with fields:
int roll_no: Roll number
char *name: Pointer to dynamically allocated memory for the student's name
float marks: Marks obtained
Write a program to:
Dynamically allocate memory for n students.
Accept details of each student, dynamically allocating memory for their names.
Display all student details.
Free all allocated memory before exiting.*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct student {
int rollNumber;
char *name;
float marks;
};
void addDetails(struct student *students, int noOfStudents);
void displayAll(struct student *students, int noOfStudents);
int main() {
int noOfStudents;
printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &noOfStudents);
struct student *students = (struct student *)malloc(noOfStudents *
sizeof(struct student));
if (students == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed for students.\n");
exit(1);
}
int choice;
while(1) {
printf("\n1. Add Students\n2. Display All Students\n3. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice) {
case 1:
addDetails(students, noOfStudents);
break;
case 2:
displayAll(students, noOfStudents);
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting...\n");
for(int i = 0; i < noOfStudents; i++)
{
free(students[i].name);
}
free(students);
return 0;
default:
printf("Invalid choice. Please try again.\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
void addDetails(struct student *students, int noOfStudents) {
for (int i = 0; i < noOfStudents; i++) {
students[i].name = (char *)malloc(100 * sizeof(char));
if (students[i].name == NULL) {
printf("Memory allocation failed for name.\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("\nEnter details for student %d:\n", i + 1);
printf("Roll Number: ");
scanf("%d", &students[i].rollNumber);
getchar();
printf("Name: ");
fgets(students[i].name, 100, stdin);
students[i].name[strcspn(students[i].name, "\n")] = '\0'; // Remove
trailing newline
printf("Marks: ");
scanf("%f", &students[i].marks);
}
}
void displayAll(struct student *students, int noOfStudents) {
if(noOfStudents == 0) {
printf("No students found.\n");
return;
}
printf("Name Roll Number Marks\n");
printf("------------------------------------------\n");
for (int i = 0; i < noOfStudents; i++) {
printf("%-20s %-15d %-10.2f\n", students[i].name, students[i].rollNumber,
students[i].marks);
}
}
3.
/*Problem 1: Complex Number Operations
Objective: Perform addition and multiplication of two complex numbers using
structures passed to functions.
Description:
Define a structure Complex with fields:
float real: Real part of the complex number
float imag: Imaginary part of the complex number
Write functions to:
Add two complex numbers and return the result.
Multiply two complex numbers and return the result.
Pass the structures as arguments to these functions and display the results.*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Complex {
float real;
float imag;
};
struct Complex addComplex(struct Complex, struct Complex);
struct Complex multiplyComplex(struct Complex, struct Complex);
int main() {
struct Complex num1, num2;
printf("Enter the real part of the first complex number: ");
scanf("%f", &[Link]);
printf("Enter the imaginary part of the first complex number: ");
scanf("%f", &[Link]);
printf("Enter the real part of the second complex number: ");
scanf("%f", &[Link]);
printf("Enter the imaginary part of the second complex number: ");
scanf("%f", &[Link]);
int choice;
while(1) {
printf("\n1. Addition\n2. Multiplication\n3. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
struct Complex result;
switch(choice) {
case 1:
result = addComplex(num1, num2);
printf("\nThe sum of the complex numbers is: %.2f + %.2fi\n",
[Link], [Link]);
break;
case 2:
result = multiplyComplex(num1, num2);
printf("\nThe product of the complex numbers is: %.2f + %.2fi\n",
[Link], [Link]);
break;
case 3:
printf("\nExiting...\n");
exit(0);
default:
printf("Invalid choice. Please try again.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
struct Complex addComplex(struct Complex a, struct Complex b) {
struct Complex sum;
[Link] = [Link] + [Link];
[Link] = [Link] + [Link];
return sum;
}
struct Complex multiplyComplex(struct Complex a, struct Complex b) {
struct Complex product;
[Link] = [Link] * [Link] - [Link] * [Link];
[Link] = [Link] * [Link] + [Link] * [Link];
return product;
}
4.
/*Problem 2: Rectangle Area and Perimeter Calculator
Objective: Calculate the area and perimeter of a rectangle by passing a structure
to functions.
Description:
Define a structure Rectangle with fields:
float length: Length of the rectangle
float width: Width of the rectangle
Write functions to:
Calculate and return the area of the rectangle.
Calculate and return the perimeter of the rectangle.
Pass the structure to these functions by value and display the results in main.*/
#include <stdio.h>
struct Rectangle {
float length;
float width;
};
float rectangleArea(struct Rectangle);
float rectanglePerimeter(struct Rectangle);
int main() {
struct Rectangle dimensions;
printf("Enter length: ");
scanf("%f", &[Link]);
printf("Enter width: ");
scanf("%f", &[Link]);
float result;
int choice;
while(1) {
printf("\n1. Calculate Area\n2. Calculate Perimeter\[Link]\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice) {
case 1:
result = rectangleArea(dimensions);
printf("Area: %.2f\n", result);
break;
case 2:
result = rectanglePerimeter(dimensions);
printf("Perimeter: %.2f\n", result);
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting!\n");
return 0;
default:
printf("Invalid choice. Please enter 1 or 2.\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
float rectangleArea(struct Rectangle rectangle) {
return [Link] * [Link];
}
float rectanglePerimeter(struct Rectangle rectangle) {
return 2*([Link] + [Link]);
}
5.
/*Problem 3: Student Grade Calculation
Objective: Calculate and assign grades to students based on their marks by
passing a structure to a function.
Description:
Define a structure Student with fields:
char name[50]: Name of the student
int roll_no: Roll number
float marks[5]: Marks in 5 subjects
char grade: Grade assigned to the student
Write a function to:
Calculate the average marks and assign a grade (A, B, etc.) based on predefined
criteria.
Pass the structure by reference to the function and modify the grade field.*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Student {
int roll_no;
char name[50];
float marks[5];
char grade;
};
void calculateGrade(struct Student *, float *);
int main() {
struct Student s;
printf("Enter student's name: ");
scanf("%s", [Link]);
printf("Enter student's roll number: ");
scanf("%d", &s.roll_no);
printf("Enter student's marks out of 100 (5 subjects): ");
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
scanf("%f", &[Link][i]);
}
printf("\nStudent Details\n");
printf("------------------\n");
printf("Name: %s\n", [Link]);
printf("Roll Number: %d\n", s.roll_no);
float sum = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum += [Link][i];
}
calculateGrade(&s, &sum);
printf("Grade: %c\n", [Link]);
return 0;
}
void calculateGrade(struct Student *s, float *total) {
float average = *total/5;
printf("Average Marks: %.2f\n", average);
if(average >= 90) {
s->grade = 'A';
} else if(average >= 80) {
s->grade = 'B';
} else if(average >= 70) {
s->grade = 'C';
} else if(average >= 60) {
s->grade = 'D';
} else {
s->grade = 'F';
}
}
6.
/*Problem 4: Point Operations in 2D Space
Objective: Calculate the distance between two points and check if a point lies
within a circle using structures.
Description:
Define a structure Point with fields:
float x: X-coordinate of the point
float y: Y-coordinate of the point
Write functions to:
Calculate the distance between two points.
Check if a given point lies inside a circle of a specified radius (center at
origin).
Pass the Point structure to these functions and display the results.*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
struct Point {
float x;
float y;
};
float calculateDistance(struct Point, struct Point);
bool isPointInsideCircle(struct Point, float radius);
int main() {
struct Point p1, p2, p;
float distance, radius;
int choice;
while (1) {
printf("\nPoint Operations\n");
printf("1. Calculate Distance\n");
printf("2. Check if Point is Inside Circle\n");
printf("3. Exit\n");
printf("\nEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter coordinates for point 1 (x, y): ");
scanf("%f %f", &p1.x, &p1.y);
printf("Enter coordinates for point 2 (x, y): ");
scanf("%f %f", &p2.x, &p2.y);
distance = calculateDistance(p1, p2);
printf("Distance between points: %.2f\n", distance);
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter radius of circle: ");
scanf("%f", &radius);
printf("Enter coordinates for point (x, y): ");
scanf("%f %f", &p.x, &p.y);
if (isPointInsideCircle(p, radius)) {
printf("Point is inside the circle.\n");
} else {
printf("Point is outside the circle.\n");
}
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting...\n");
return 0;
default:
printf("Invalid choice. Please try again.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
float calculateDistance(struct Point a, struct Point b) {
float dx = a.x - b.x;
float dy = a.y - b.y;
return sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
}
bool isPointInsideCircle(struct Point c, float r) {
return (c.x * c.x + c.y * c.y <= r * r);
}
7.
/*Problem 5: Employee Tax Calculation
Objective: Calculate income tax for an employee based on their salary by passing
a structure to a function.
Description:
Define a structure Employee with fields:
char name[50]: Employee name
int emp_id: Employee ID
float salary: Employee salary
float tax: Tax to be calculated (initialized to 0)
Write a function to:
Calculate tax based on salary slabs (e.g., 10% for salaries below $50,000, 20%
otherwise).
Modify the tax field of the structure.
Pass the structure by reference to the function and display the updated tax in
main.*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Employee {
char name[50];
int emp_id;
float salary;
float tax;
};
float calculateTax(struct Employee*);
int main() {
struct Employee employee;
printf("Employee Name: ");
scanf("%s", [Link]);
printf("Employee ID: ");
scanf("%d", &employee.emp_id);
printf("Employee Salary: ");
scanf("%f", &[Link]);
if ([Link] <= 0) {
printf("Invalid salary. It should be a positive number.\n");
return 1;
}
[Link] = 0;
printf("\nCalculating Tax Amount...\n");
float employeeTax = calculateTax(&employee);
printf("Employee Tax: $%.2f\n", employeeTax);
return 0;
}
float calculateTax(struct Employee* emp) {
float empTax;
if (emp->salary <= 50000) {
empTax = emp->salary * 0.10;
} else {
empTax = emp->salary * 0.20;
}
emp->tax = empTax;
return empTax;
}
8.
/*Problem Statement: Vehicle Service Center Management
Objective: Build a system to manage vehicle servicing records using nested
structures.
Description:
Define a structure Vehicle with fields:
char license_plate[15]: Vehicle's license plate number
char owner_name[50]: Owner's name
char vehicle_type[20]: Type of vehicle (e.g., car, bike)
Define a nested structure Service inside Vehicle with fields:
char service_type[30]: Type of service performed
float cost: Cost of the service
char service_date[12]: Date of service
Implement the following features:
Add a vehicle to the service center record.
Update the service history for a vehicle.
Display the service details of a specific vehicle.
Generate and display a summary report of all vehicles serviced, including total
revenue.*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Vehicle {
char license_plate[15];
char owner_name[50];
char vehicle_type[20];
struct Service {
char service_type[30];
float cost;
char service_date[12];
} service;
};
void add_vehicle(struct Vehicle*, int*);
void update_service_history(struct Vehicle*, int);
void display_service_details(struct Vehicle*, int);
void generate_report(struct Vehicle*, int);
int main() {
struct Vehicle vehicles[100];
int no_of_vehicles = 0;
int choice = 0;
while(1) {
printf("\nVehicle Service Center Management System\n");
printf("1. Add Vehicle\n");
printf("2. Update Service History\n");
printf("3. Display Service Details\n");
printf("4. Generate Summary Report\n");
printf("5. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
printf("\n");
switch(choice) {
case 1:
add_vehicle(vehicles, &no_of_vehicles);
break;
case 2:
update_service_history(vehicles, no_of_vehicles);
break;
case 3:
display_service_details(vehicles, no_of_vehicles);
break;
case 4:
generate_report(vehicles, no_of_vehicles);
break;
case 5:
printf("Exiting...\n");
return 0;
default:
printf("Invalid choice. Please try again.\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
void add_vehicle(struct Vehicle* vehicles, int* no_of_vehicles) {
printf("Enter license plate: ");
scanf("%s", vehicles[*no_of_vehicles].license_plate);
printf("Enter owner name: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]s", vehicles[*no_of_vehicles].owner_name);
printf("Enter vehicle type: ");
scanf("%s", vehicles[*no_of_vehicles].vehicle_type);
strcpy(vehicles[*no_of_vehicles].service.service_type, "");
vehicles[*no_of_vehicles].[Link] = 0.0;
strcpy(vehicles[*no_of_vehicles].service.service_date, "");
(*no_of_vehicles)++;
printf("Vehicle added successfully.\n");
}
void update_service_history(struct Vehicle* vehicles, int no_of_vehicles) {
if (no_of_vehicles == 0) {
printf("No vehicles available.\n");
return;
}
char license_plate[15];
printf("Enter license plate: ");
scanf("%s", license_plate);
getchar();
int found = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < no_of_vehicles; i++) {
if (strcmp(vehicles[i].license_plate, license_plate) == 0) {
printf("Enter service type: ");
scanf("%[^\n]", vehicles[i].service.service_type);
getchar();
printf("Enter cost: ");
scanf("%f", &vehicles[i].[Link]);
printf("Enter service date (DD/MM/YYYY): ");
scanf("%s", vehicles[i].service.service_date);
found = 1;
printf("Service history updated successfully.\n");
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
printf("Vehicle with license plate %s not found.\n", license_plate);
}
}
void display_service_details(struct Vehicle* vehicles, int no_of_vehicles) {
if (no_of_vehicles == 0) {
printf("No vehicles available.\n");
return;
}
char license_plate[15];
printf("Enter license plate: ");
scanf("%s", license_plate);
int found = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < no_of_vehicles; i++) {
if (strcmp(vehicles[i].license_plate, license_plate) == 0) {
printf("Owner Name: %s\n", vehicles[i].owner_name);
printf("Vehicle Type: %s\n", vehicles[i].vehicle_type);
if (strcmp(vehicles[i].service.service_type, "") == 0) {
printf("No service history available for this vehicle.\n");
} else {
printf("Service Type: %s\n", vehicles[i].service.service_type);
printf("Service Cost: %.2f\n", vehicles[i].[Link]);
printf("Service Date: %s\n", vehicles[i].service.service_date);
}
found = 1;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
printf("Vehicle with license plate %s not found.\n", license_plate);
}
}
void generate_report(struct Vehicle* vehicles, int no_of_vehicles) {
if (no_of_vehicles == 0) {
printf("No vehicles available.\n");
return;
}
float total_revenue = 0.0;
printf("\nSummary Report:\n");
printf("---------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| %-13s | %-15s | %-12s | %-15s | %-10s | %-12s |\n",
"License Plate", "Owner Name", "Vehicle Type",
"Service Type", "Cost", "Service Date");
printf("---------------------------------------------------------------\n");
for (int i = 0; i < no_of_vehicles; i++) {
printf("| %-13s | %-15s | %-12s | %-15s | %-10.2f | %-12s |\n",
vehicles[i].license_plate, vehicles[i].owner_name,
vehicles[i].vehicle_type, vehicles[i].service.service_type,
vehicles[i].[Link], vehicles[i].service.service_date);
total_revenue += vehicles[i].[Link];
}
printf("---------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Total Revenue: %.2f\n", total_revenue);
printf("----------------------------------------\n");
printf("\n");
return;
}
