ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (BBA)
Module III (Group)
Group
Group may be defined as a social phenomenon in which two or more
persons decides to interact with one another, share common ideology
and perceive themselves as a group.
Group dynamics
It is the social process by which people interact face to face in small
groups.
Features of group
• It is a small aggregation of people.
• It is vested with common interest.
• It is the interaction between members.
• It is a perceived collective identity.
Types of group
Formal group
A formal group is a clear cut work group designed by organization.
Management creates such group for achieving the organizational goal.
It clearly specifies organization structure.
Informal Group
An informal group is said to be group that is neither structured nor
organizationally determined. It is formed by social Contact of
employees in the Organization.
Factors responsible to create informal group
1. Desire to socialize
2. Job specialization
3. Escape from work environment
4. Hierarchical control
5. Command group
Command group
A group consists of the individuals who report directly to a given
manager is called a Command group.
Task group
A task group is generally formed for working together to complete a job
or task.
Interest group
Interest groups are formed by those working together to attain a
specific objective with which each of them is concerned.
Friendship group
It is a groups formed by creating friendship at the work place.
Reference group
A reference group is a group, which is referred by an Individual as a
standard for self-evaluation.
Stages of group development/ Team building
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning
Group Cohesiveness
According to Rensis Likert, “cohesiveness is the attractiveness of the
members towards the group or resistance of the members leaving it”.
Factors affecting group cohesiveness
1. Interaction
2. Threat
3. Severity in initiation
4. Cooperation
5. Attitude and values
6. Degree of dependence
7. Achievement of goals
8. Status of group
9. Size of group
Features/ Advantages of group Cohesiveness
• Members of cohesive groups are regular at their work.
• Cohesiveness increases productive workplace.
• The members of cohesive groups have high morale.
• Cohesiveness increases productivity
• Organizations gain from the members of cohesive group
Factors can increase group cohesiveness:
Competitiveness with other groups.
• Inter-personal attraction.
• Favourable evaluation from outsiders.
• Agreement on goals.
Frequent interaction.
The following factors decrease Cohesiveness:
• Large group size.
• Disagreement on goals.
• Competitiveness within group.
• Domination by one or more members.
• Unpleasant experience cohesiveness:
• Large group size.
• Disagreement on goals.
• Competitiveness within group.
• Domination by one or more members.
• Unpleasant experiences.
Group Norms
Group norms are rules or guidelines of accepted behaviour which are
established by a group and used to monitor the behaviour of its
members.
Types of group Norms
Behaviour norms
Behaviour norms are rules that standardize how individuals act while
working on a day to day basis.
Performance norms
Performance norms are rules that standardize employee output and
number of hours worked.
Group Effectiveness
It is the capacity a group has to accomplish the goals administered by
the organization.
Factors responsible for group effectiveness
• Goals
• Participation
• Feelings
• Diagnosis of group problems
• Leadership
• Decision
• Trust
• Creativity
Guidelines for improving group effectiveness
1. Learn about groups and how they operate.
2. Discuss group functioning
3. Ask group feedback
4. Keep focus on the group
5. Keep group small
6. Give adequate time for planning
7. Joint responsibility
Team
A team defined as” people organized to function cooperatively as a
group”
Advantages of team
1. Team member have the opportunity to learn each other.
2. Communication and information exchange facilitated.
3. Team commitment stimulate performance and attention.
4. Interdependent work flow can be enhanced.
5. New approaches to task may be discovered.
6. Team facilitate greater cooperation.
Disadvantages of team
1. Some individual are not competent with team work.
2. Conflict may be developed between members.
3. Less flexibility may be experienced.
4. It is time consuming.
5. It facilitate decision making complex.
6. Evaluation and reward may be perceived less powerfully.
Types of team
Informal Team
Informal teams are formed for social purpose.
Traditional Team
Traditional teams are the organisation group commonly found in
department or functional areas.
Problem solving Team
It is formed when problem arises that cannot be solved within the
standard organisational structure.
Leadership Team
These team are generally composed management from different
functions in the organisation.
Self-Directed or Self-Managed Teams
Self-directed or self-managed teams can be defined in terms of
Interdependent individuals who can self-regulate their behaviour on
relatively whole tasks.
Virtual Teams
A virtual team can be defined in terms of a group of Interdependent
members who work together on a common task while they are located
across the planet.
Cross Functional Teams
A cross functional team is characterized by the presence of a group of
people each possessing specialized skills which are Applied for the
achievement of the task with a high degree of Interdependence.
Characteristics of effective team
1. Clear direction
2. Clear responsibilities
3. Knowledgeable members
4. Reasonable operating procedure
5. Interpersonal relationship
6. Sharing success and failure
7. External relationship
Team Norms
Team norms is a relationship agreement or social contract between the
team members regarding the way they operate, interact with each
other and deal with conflict.
Team cohesion
It is the strength and extend of inter personal connection existing
among the members of a team.
Quality Circles
Quality Circle is a small group activity where in a small group of
Employees on voluntary basis meet periodically to discuss work-related
problem.
Team building
It is a collective term for various types of activities used to enhance
social relations and defined roles within teams.
