GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
All questions are compulsory.
Q. Max. Level
Question
No. Marks
Answer the following:
1. (This question is based on Unit No.1-CO1- Maintain the functioning of
different types of lamps and fittings.)
Attempt any ONE of the following: 01 R
a) (i) Define Luminous flux Marks
Ans:
Luminous flux:The luminous flux is the total energy radiated by the light source in
all direction.
(ii) Define Solid angle.
Ans:
Solid angle: Solid angle is the angle subtended at a point in space by an area.
OR
The angle enclosed in the volume formed by numerous lines lying on the surface
and meeting at the point.
b) Attempt any ONE of the following: 01
(i) State Lambert’s cosine law. Marks U
Ans:Lambert’s cosine law:
This law states that “the illumination E at any point on a surface is directly
proportional to the cosine of the angle between the normal at that point and the line
of flux.
Illumination at B point = I/d2 x cos θ
(ii) Describe various lighting schemes of illumination.
Ans:
Lighting schemes of illumination:
1. Direct lighting scheme
2. Indirect lighting Scheme
3. Semi direct scheme
4. Semi indirect scheme
5. General lighting scheme
Attempt any ONE of the following:
(i) With the help of labelled diagram, explain construction and working of
c) Metal halide lamp. A
Ans: 04
Metal Halide lamp: Marks
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
Construction: Its discharge tube (inter tube) contain a drop of mercury which is
named as ‘metal’ and halides such as thallium, indium or sodium, So the lamp is
named as metal halide lamp. An arc is established between one main electrode &
auxiliary electrode through argon gas and then regular discharge takes place
between two main electrodes through mercury vapour. The light is produced from
an excited mercury vapour and the products of dissociation of halide.
or equivalent figure
The halide cycle in metal halide lamp:
Metal (mercury) atoms move from electric arc towards the tube wall where the
halides are present. Near the wall, the temperature & vapors pressure allows the
metals & halides to form a stable molecule which is known as metal halide
molecules. When metal halides approaches the arc, molecules break apart. The
halide move towards the wall and metals are excited and give out energy in the form
of light. When enough metal atoms or loss during the operation the lamp fails. The
outer glass may or may not be phosphor coated from inside. Electronic or auto
transformer type ballast is used initiate the arc and to control the current, The
capacitor is used to improve the power factor. The power ratings of lamp are from
175 watts to 1000 watts.
The life is 2000 working hours. Some metal halides are used in indoor applications
and the compact metal halide lamps are used for display and flood light etc.
(ii) With the help of labelled diagram, explain construction and working of
fluorescent tube.
Ans:
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
OR equivalent fig.
Construction:
Fluorescent tube consists of tube, choke, starter & power factor improvement
capacitor.
Working operation:
When switch is ON current flows through the choke-filament no1- starter- filament
no. 2- to neutral, At that time choke induces high voltage which is applied to two
filaments and ionized gas, Due to this there will be high voltage ionization so that
light will be emitted through the tube. Choke is acting as ballast starter is used for
make and break the circuit. To operate the fluorescent lamp, need a ballast (choke)
to limit the current & provide the necessary starting voltage and starter for starting
the tube.
Answer the following:
2. (This question is based on Unit No.3-CO3- Use different electric drives and
elevators.)
a) Attempt any ONE of the following: 02
(i) Define electric drive. Classify electric drives. Marks R
Ans:
Electric Drive:
It is a machine which gives mechanical power. e.g. drives employing electric motors
are known as electric drives.
Classification of electric drives:
Group drive
Individual drive
Multimotor drive
(ii) List at least four advantages of electric drive.
Ans:
Following advantages of electric drive:
1. It is more economical.
2. It is more clean.
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
3. No air pollution.
4. It occupies less space.
5. It requires less maintenance.
6. Easy to start and control.
7. It can be remote controlled.
8. It is more flexible.
9. Its operating characteristics can be modified.
10. No standby losses.
11. High efficiency.
12. No fuel storage and transportation cost.
13. Less maintenance cost.
14. It has long life.
15. It is reliable source of drive.
b) Attempt any ONE of the following: 02
(i) Explain types of mechanical enclosures. Marks U
Ans:
Types of enclosures and their function:
i) Open type enclosure:
It is used where motor is installed in clean atmosphere and in closed room.
ii) Screen Protected enclosure: (Guarded enclosure)
Here screen is provided for rotating parts for better protection. It is also used
where motor is installed in clean atmosphere and in closed room.
iii) Drip (moisture) proof enclosure: (Weather-protected type 1 enclosure,
Weatherprotected type 2 enclosure, Waterproof enclosure)
This type of enclosure is used in very damp atmospheric condition such as
water pumping station motor on ship sub-merssible motors, etc.
iv) Flame (Fire) proof enclosure: (Splash-proof enclosure, Dust-ignition-proof
enclosure)
It is used where motors are installed in explosive atmosphere like chemical
plants, mines etc.
v) Totally enclosed type enclosure:
It is used where there is dusty atmosphere such as saw mill, stone crushing
plant, coal handling plant, cement manufacturing plant, cotton industry etc.
As it is totally enclosed it requires special cooling arrangement.
vi) Pipe ventilated totally enclosed type enclosure: (Totally enclosed fan-cooled
enclosure, Totally enclosed pipe-ventilated enclosure, Totally enclosed water-
cooled enclosure, Totally enclosed water–air-cooled enclosure, Totally enclosed
air–air-cooled enclosure)
It is used where there is dusty atmosphere such as saw mill, stone crushing plant,
coal handling plant, cement manufacturing plant, cotton industry etc. As it is totally
enclosed it requires pipe ventilation, clean and cold air is circulated through pipe
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
forcefully for cooling of motors and hot air is taken out through pipe.
(ii) Write advantages and disadvantages of group drive.
Ans:
Advantages of Group Drive:-
1. Initial Cost
A cost of single motor of large capacity is less then cost of number of small
capacity motors for same H.P.
2. Diversification of load
All the machines and tools may not work at a time, so we can select main motor
of slightly small capacity (HP) than the total requirements of individual machines.
3. Over load capacity
Group drive has higher over load capacity. E.g. 100% overload on individual
machine would cause only 8 to 10 % overload on main motor.
4. Space required
Less
5. Maintenance cost
Maintenance cost of single motor of large capacity is less than maintenance cost of
number of small motors of total HP.
6. Efficiency and Power Factor
If group drive is run at nearly equal to full load than Efficiency and Power Factor
of group drive will be higher
Disadvantages of Group Drive
1. Flexibility
Flexibility is lost due to common shaft for number of machines.
2. Safety
It is less safe.
3. Reliability
Its reliability is less at the time of breakdown and maintenance of single large
motor, Because, all the machines operations are required to be shut down at the time
of
breakdown and maintenance of single large motor.
4. Mechanical power transmission losses
Considerable power loss takes place for transfer of mechanical energy from shaft to
machine.
5. Speed control
Speed control of individual machine is difficult, it requires special arrangement.
6. Addition / Alteration
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
Possibility of addition or alteration in existing system is limited.
7. Efficiency and Power Factor
If group drive is run at reduced load then Efficiency and Power Factor of
group drive will be less.
Attempt any ONE of the following:
(i) Describe factors governing selection of a motor for a particular application.
04 A
Ans: Marks
Following Factors governing / or are considered while selecting electric drive
(Motor) for particular application:
1. Nature of supply:
Whether supply available is
AC, Pure DC Or Rectified DC
2. Nature of Drive (Motor):
Whether motor is used to drive (run)
Individual machine
OR group of machines.
3. Nature of load:
Whether load required light or heavy starting torque
c)
4. Electric Characteristics of drive:
Starting, Running, Speed control and braking characteristics of electric drive
should be studied and it should be matched with load requirements (i.e. machine).
5. Size and rating of motor:
Whether motor is short time running OR continuously running OR intermittently
running
OR used for variable load cycle.
Whether overload capacity, pull out torque is sufficient.
6. Mechanical Considerations:
Types of enclosure, Types of bearing, Transmission of mechanical power, Noise
and load equalization
7. Cost:
Capital, Running and maintenance cost should be less.
(ii) Explain the methods used for transmission of mechanical power.
Ans:
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
Drives used for transmission of mechanical power:
(i) Direct drive (ii) Belt drive (iii) Rope drive (iv) Chain drive (v) Gear drive
Applications:
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
(i) Direct drive- medical, aerospace, defense and industrial sectors, in gimbals in
antennas and satellites, motion control industry
(ii) Belt drive- line shaft drives
In washing machines to transfer power from the motor shaft to the drum shaft
Alternators in automobiles
Flour mills.
Lathe Machine, Milling Machines, Drilling machine, etc
Paper mills
Conveyors
(iii) Rope drive- hunting, pulling, carrying purposes, lifting purposes, as well as
climbing activities in the ancient era, elevators as well as the cranes.
(iv) Chain drive- Chain drive used for transmission of power.
It is used for lifting loads and also used to carry material.
This is also used in woodworking machinery.
Transportation Industry, Agriculture Machinery, Material Handling Equipment,
Building construction.
(v) Gear drive
Hydraulic Pump, Speed Reducer, Differential, Gearbox, Lifts and elevators, material
handling systems, automobiles (steering systems), clocks, pumps, watering systems,
clothes washing and drying machine, power plants, aerospace and aircraft, railways
and trains.
Answer the following:
3. (This question is based on Unit No.5-CO5-Use equipment for economic
operation. )
a) Attempt any ONE of the following: 01
(i) Define tariff. Marks R
Ans:
Tariff: The rate at which electricity is supplied is called as Tariff.
(ii) State requirements of tariff.
Ans:Following are the requirements of Tariff:
i) It should be easy to understand to consumer.
ii) Easy to calculate.
iii) Tariff should be attractive; It should not be too high or too low. It should be
reasonable.
iv) Tariff should be economical as compare to other types of energy sources.
v) Tariff must be fair, so that different types of consumers are satisfied with rate of
electrical energy charges.
Page 8 of 12
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
vi) Tariff should be framed into two parts i.e. fixed charges + running charges.
vii) While calculating tariff it should cover all expenses and reasonable profit,
b) Attempt any ONE of the following: 01
(i) State the advantages of power factor improvement. Marks U
Ans:
Page 9 of 12
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
(ii) State advantages of TOD tariff for the power system concern.
Ans:
Advantages of TOD tariff for the power system concern:
1. Major industrial consumers are trying to run their maximum load during OFF
load period, to get rebate in their energy bill.
2. Major industrial consumers are trying to run their industry at reduced load during
PEAK load period to avoid additional charges charged in energy bill.
3. Due to above two reasons, it increases overall load factor as well as diversity
factor of power system.
4. As load factor and diversity factor of power system increases so overall cost per
unit reduces.
5. Also due to this there will be maximum utilization of power plant &
infrastructure.
So, TOD tariff helps to avoid the wastage of surplus energy generated during OFF
load period. In this way it helps to conserve energy.
Attempt any ONE of the following:
(i) A 3ph, 440 V, 50 Hz, 40 kW load has a pl. 0.85 lagging. Calculate kVAR
c) rating of capacitor required to improve P.F. to 0.95 lagging. What will value of 04 A
capacitor per phase, if capacitors are connected in delta. Marks
Ans:
Page 10 of 12
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
(iii) A factory has a maximum demand of 250 kW with a load factor of 0.6. The
following tariffs are offered: (i) two part tariff 70/kW of M.D./year + 4
paise/kWh (ii) A flat rate of 10 paise/kWh. Which tariff is economical ?
Ans:
Page 11 of 12
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
Electrical Engineering Department
MODEL ANSWER UNIT TEST -I – Academic Year 2024-25
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy (22626) Max. Marks: 20
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