AP PHYSICS C: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Scoring Guide

MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

1. A circular current-carrying loop lies so that the plane of the loop is perpendicular to a constant magnetic field of
strength B. Suppose that the radius R of the loop could be made to increase with time t so that R = at, where a is a
constant. What is the magnitude of the emf that would be generated around the loop as a function of t ?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

2. A circular loop of wire of radius R is perpendicular to a magnetic field whose magnitude as a function of time t is
given by the equation 𝐵 = 𝑏𝑡2 + 𝑐𝑡 , where b and c are positive, nonzero constants. What is the magnitude of the
emf induced in the loop as a function of time t ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

3.

A small, circular loop of conducting wire is near a long, straight wire that carries a steady electric current I to the
right, as shown above. Which of the following actions will result in a clockwise induced electric current in the wire
loop?

I. The wire loop is pulled vertically upward in the plane of the page (away from the wire) at a constant speed.

II. The current in the straight wire is steadily increasing.

III. The wire loop is rotated about a diameter through a small angle so that it is no longer in the plane of the
page.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) Either I or II
(E) Either I or III

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

4.

In the figure above, the north pole of the magnet is first moved down toward the loop of wire, then withdrawn
upward. As viewed from above, the induced current in the loop is
(A) always clockwise with increasing magnitude
(B) always clockwise with decreasing magnitude
(C) always counterclockwise with increasing magnitude
(D) always counterclockwise with decreasing magnitude
(E) first counterclockwise, then clockwise

5.

When a rectangular conducting loop of resistance and vertical side of length is moved to the right with velocity
through a magnetic field of magnitude , no current is induced in the loop. The loop is now placed in a region of
space that contains two uniform magnetic fields of the same magnitude but in opposite directions, as shown in
the figure. The conducting loop is moved to the right with velocity through the fields. The induced current in the
loop at the moment shown is
(A) 0
(B) clockwise
(C) counterclockwise

(D) clockwise

(E) counterclockwise

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

Answer D

Correct. Using Faraday’s law to calculate the yields . This is the

on both the left and right sides of the loop; thus, the net is . Using Ohm’s law to
determine the current yields . To determine the direction of the current, Lenz’s law must be
used. Applying Lenz’s law on the loop indicates that the current is clockwise. For the right side of the
loop: The magnetic field is out of the page, the area of the loop on the right side is increasing, thus the
magnetic flux is increasing out of the page; thus, the induced current creates a magnetic field that is into
the page. This indicates a clockwise current. For the left side of the loop: The magnetic field is into the
page, the area of the loop on the left side is decreasing, thus the magnetic flux is decreasing into the
page; thus, the induced current creates a magnetic field that is into the page. This again indicates a
clockwise current.

6. A long solenoid has 300 loops. The region inside the solenoid has a uniform magnetic field that is directed parallel
to the axis of the solenoid. Each loop has an area 2 × 10–4 m2 . The magnetic field decreases at a constant rate from
0.5 T to zero. What is the time duration for the change in magnetic field if a potential difference of 10 V is induced
between the ends of the solenoid while the field is decreasing?
(A) 1 × 10–5 s
(B) 3 × 10–5 s
(C) 3 × 10–3 s
(D) 1 × 10–2 s
(E) 3 × 10–2 s

7. A loop of wire enclosing an area of 1.5 m2 is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field. The field is given in teslas as
a function of time t in seconds by

The induced emf in the loop at t = 3 s is most nearly

(A) 0 V
(B) 5 V
(C) 10 V
(D) 15 V
(E) 20 V

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

8. A loop of wire with resistance 2 ⯑ lies in a magnetic field. The magnetic flux ⯑𝑚 through the loop as a function of
time t is given by ⯑𝑚 = (2t2 + 2t), where ⯑𝑚 is in tesla•meters squared and t is in seconds. What is the current in
the loop at t = 3 s?
(A) 6 A
(B) 7 A
(C) 12 A
(D) 14 A
(E) 24 A

9. A magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of a wire loop is uniform in space but changes with time t in the region
of the loop. If the induced emf in the loop increases linearly with time t, then the magnitude of the magnetic field
must be proportional to
(A) t3
(B) t2
(C) t
(D) t0 (i.e., constant)
(E) t1/2

10.

A uniform magnetic field B of magnitude 1.2 T passes through a rectangular loop of wire, which measures 0.10 m
by 0.20 m. The field is oriented 30° with respect to the plane of the loop, as shown above. What is the magnetic flux
through the loop?
(A) Zero
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

11.

A bar magnet with its south pole pointing down is released from rest and falls through a wire coil, as shown above.
A resistor is connected across the two ends of the coil. What current would be produced in the coil, as observed by a
person directly above the coil?
(A) A clockwise current only
(B) A counterclockwise current only
(C) A current that is first clockwise and then counterclockwise
(D) A current that is first counterclockwise and then clockwise
(E) No current would be produced.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

12.

A bar magnet is lowered at constant speed through a loop of wire as shown in the diagram above. The time at which
the midpoint of the bar magnet passes through the loop is t1. Which of the following graphs best represents the time
dependence of the induced current in the loop? (A positive current represents a counterclockwise current in the loop
as viewed from above.)

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Students are to perform an experiment using a long solenoid, a magnetic field probe, a bar magnet, a power
supply, connecting wires, and meters for collecting voltage and current data.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

13.

The students disconnect the solenoid from the power supply and connect the solenoid to the voltmeter. They move
the bar magnet into, through, and out of the solenoid at constant speed, as shown. The length of the bar magnet is
much smaller than the length of the solenoid. When will the voltmeter detect an ?

I. When the bar magnet is entering the solenoid

II. When the bar magnet is moving through the center of the solenoid
III. When the bar magnet is leaving the solenoid
(A) only
(B) only
(C) and
(D) and
(E) and

Answer D

Correct. Faraday’s law, , indicates that an emf is produced when the magnetic flux is
changing with time. When the bar magnet is entering the solenoid, flux is increasing, and when it is
leaving the solenoid, flux is decreasing. Therefore, an emf will be detected for conditions and , since
magnetic flux is changing in both of these conditions.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

14.

A lab cart of mass , with a rectangular conducting loop of area and resistance attached to it, rolls down a
ramp onto a horizontal surface of negligible friction and then through an area with uniform magnetic field . The
cart moves a horizontal distance while in the field, and then it moves out of the field and up another ramp
identical to the first. Which of the following modifications would decrease the height that the cart rolls up the
second ramp?
(A) Increasing the magnetic field strength so that there is a greater change in flux through the loop
Increasing the horizontal distance of the magnetic field so that there is more time for energy to be
(B)
transferred out of the cart
(C) Increasing the mass of the cart so that there is more inertia in the system

(D) Reversing the direction of the magnetic field in order to create a force that opposes the motion of the
cart
Orienting the area of the rectangular loop to be perpendicular to the velocity in order to create the
(E)
maximum force.

Answer A

Correct. The cart will slow and reach a lower height on the second ramp because a changing magnetic
flux through the loop creates current in the loop and decreases the kinetic energy of the cart. Increasing
the magnetic field increases the change in flux through the loop as the cart rolls into and out of the area
of magnetic field. This increases the amount of kinetic energy lost by the cart; thus, the cart will be
moving more slowly and will reach a lower maximum height up the ramp.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

15.

A rectangular conducting loop is located above a long, straight wire carrying a current to the right, as shown in
the figure above. The wire and loop are both in the plane of the page. Which of the following will induce a
clockwise current in the loop?
(A) Decreasing the current in the wire
(B) Moving the loop to the right
(C) Moving the loop to the left
(D) Moving the loop up away from the wire
(E) Moving the loop down toward the wire

Answer E

Correct. Using one of the right-hand rules, it can be determined that the magnetic field due to the current-
carrying wire it directed out of the page in the loop. Moving the loop closer to the wire will result in an
increase in the magnetic field directed out of the page in the loop. By Lenz’s law, the induced magnetic
field will oppose this increase and will point into the page in the loop. As a result, using another right-
hand rule, it can be determined that a clockwise current is induced in the loop.

16.

A conducting loop of wire that is initially around a magnet is pulled away from the magnet to the right, as indicated
in the figure above, inducing a current in the loop. What is the direction of the force on the magnet and the direction
of the magnetic field at the center of the loop due to the induced current?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

Direction of Force on the Magnet: To the right

(A)
Direction of Magnetic Field at Center of Loop Due to Induced Current: To the right
Direction of Force on the Magnet: To the right
(B)
Direction of Magnetic Field at Center of Loop Due to Induced Current: To the left
Direction of Force on the Magnet: To the left
(C)
Direction of Magnetic Field at Center of Loop Due to Induced Current: To the right
Direction of Force on the Magnet: To the left
(D)
Direction of Magnetic Field at Center of Loop Due to Induced Current:To the left
Direction of Force on the Magnet: No direction; the force is zero
(E)
Direction of Magnetic Field at Center of Loop Due to Induced Current: To the left

A rectangular loop of wire with mass , width , length , and resistance is positioned a distance away from the
center of a long wire that has a current , as shown in the figure. The current in the wire now decreases to zero in time
.

17. Which of the following is a correct claim about the current induced in the loop and the net force on the loop as the
current in the wire is decreasing?
A clockwise current is induced in the loop, and there is a net force away from the wire exerted on the
(A)
loop.
(B) A clockwise current is induced in the loop, and there is a net force toward the wire exerted on the loop.
(C) A clockwise current is induced in the loop, and there is a net force toward the right exerted on the loop.
A counterclockwise current is induced in the loop, and there is a net force toward the right exerted on
(D)
the loop.
A counterclockwise current is induced in the loop, and there is a net force toward the wire exerted on the
(E)
loop.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

Answer E

Correct. According to the right-hand rule for the magnetic field created by current, the magnetic field
inside the loop is out of the page. As the current decreases, this magnetic field decreases. According to
Lenz’s law, the magnetic flux inside the loop is out of the page and decreasing; thus, the current induced
in the loop must create a magnetic field that is out of the page. Therefore, the current induced in the loop
will be counterclockwise. Also, according to the equation for the force on a wire, , the
magnetic field is stronger closer to the wire, thus; the direction of the net force on the loop will be the
direction of the force on the lower section of the loop. Using the right-hand rule for the force on the wire,
the magnetic field from the wire is out of the page and the current in the lower section of the loop is
toward the right; thus, the net force on the loop will be toward the wire.

A coil of wire of radius is connected to a variable power supply and a resistor, as shown. The power supply
is initially off. At time , the power supply is set to a nonzero voltage and turned on. As a result, a uniform magnetic
field with magnitude is created inside the coil.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

18.

A loop of wire of radius and resistance is inserted into the coil, as shown above. The power
supply is adjusted so that the magnitude of the magnetic field in the coil as a function of time is
, where μ and μ . The current induced in the loop is most nearly
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

Answer E

Correct. Faraday’s law, , is used to calculate the induced emf. Because the magnetic field,
and not the area of the loop, is changing with time, the magnitude of the emf is calculated by
. Numeric substitution yields
. Ohm’s law is then applied to calculate the
current in the loop.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

19.

A rectangular conducting loop is moving at constant speed into a uniform magnetic field of magnitude that is
directed into the page. At the two times and shown in the figures, the currents in the loop are and ,
respectively. Which of the following correctly compares currents and and provides evidence?
(A) , because more of the loop is in the field at time .
(B) , because it takes more force to move the loop at constant speed at time .
(C) , because the current in the loop is zero at both times.
(D) , because the loop experiences the same rate of change in flux at both times.
(E) , because more of the loop is in the field at time .

Answer D

Correct. Current exists if there is induced potential, which requires that magnetic flux to change with
time. Magnetic flux is . In this problem, and is the
area of intersection of the loop and magnetic field. As the loop moves in the -direction into the
magnetic field at constant speed , the induced potential is calculated as follows:
. Because at times and , is the same, the induced
potential and current must also be the same.

Two identical rectangular conducting loops and a very long, straight wire lie in the plane of the page, as shown above.
The loops are equal distances from the wire, and there is a current to the right in the wire.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

20. If the current in the wire is decreasing, what is the direction of the induced current, if any, in each of the loops?

Loop X Loop Y
(A)
Counterclockwise Clockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(B)
Counterclockwise Counterclockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(C)
Clockwise Counterclockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(D)
Clockwise Clockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(E)
None None

21. If the current in the wire is constant and the wire is moved toward loop X, what is the direction of the induced
current, if any, in each of the loops?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

Loop X Loop Y
(A)
Counterclockwise Clockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(B)
Counterclockwise Counterclockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(C)
Clockwise Counterclockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(D)
Clockwise Clockwise

Loop X Loop Y
(E)
None None

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

22.

A uniform magnetic field of magnitude directed to the right exists in a certain region of space, as shown. A loop
of wire is placed in the field such that a vector normal to the plane of the loop is at a angle relative to the field.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the direction of the current induced in the loop?
(A) The current starts clockwise and then becomes counterclockwise.
(B) The current starts counterclockwise and then becomes clockwise.
(C) The current is counterclockwise.
(D) The current is clockwise.
(E) No current will be induced in the loop.

Answer E

Correct. Faraday’s law shows that current will be induced in a loop only by a changing magnetic flux.
Because the flux is not changing, no current will be induced in the loop.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

23.

A conducting loop of radius is concentric with a magnetic field that is directed out of the page and covers a
circular region of radius , as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the magnetic field is represented by , and
the magnitude of the electric field is represented by . Which of the following shows a correct application of
Faraday’s law for this situation?
(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Answer A

Correct. When Faraday’s law is applied, , the integration of is the

circumference of the conducting loop, and the area is the area of the magnetic field; thus,
.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

24.

A conducting rod is sliding at a speed of along conducting rails that are apart. The rails are attached
to a resistor, completing a loop. The loop is in a magnetic field that is directed out of the page, as
shown. The current generated in the resistor is
(A) 0
(B) counterclockwise
(C) clockwise
(D) counterclockwise
(E) clockwise

Answer C

Correct. Using Faradays law to derive an expression for the emf yields . Then,
using Ohm’s law to calculate the current yields . Using
Lenz’s law to determine the direction of the current, the area of the loop is increasing. Therefore, the flux
is increasing out of the page, and the current created must create a magnetic field that is into the page;
thus, the current is clockwise around the loop.

An emf of 20 V is induced around a metal ring by increasing a uniform magnetic field at a constant rate from zero to a
final magnitude of 1.0 × 10–2 T throughout the region enclosed by the ring. The field direction is perpendicular to the
plane of the ring.

25. If the area enclosed by the ring is 4.0 × 10–3 m2 , what is the time interval during which the field is increased?

(A) 2.0 μs
(B) 5.0 μs
(C) 10 μs
(D) 20 μs
(E) 50 μs

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

26.

A loop of wire at location X is moving toward the right with constant speed v in a region of uniform magnetic field
, which is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The magnetic field region ends at the dashed line, as shown in
the figure above. Later, the loop is at location Y and exiting the magnetic field with the same constant speed v. The
process is then repeated with the loop moving at a speed of 2v. Which of the following best describes the emf in the
loop at the two positions shown when the process is repeated at a speed of 2v?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

Emf at Location X Emf at Location Y

(A)
Nonzero and halved Nonzero and halved

Emf at Location X Emf at Location Y

(B)
Nonzero and doubled Nonzero and doubled

Emf at Location X Emf at Location Y

(C)
Nonzero and doubled Zero at both speeds

Emf at Location X Emf at Location Y

(D)
Zero at both speeds Zero at both speeds

Emf at Location X Emf at Location Y

(E)
Zero at both speeds Nonzero and doubled

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

27.

A bar magnet with its south pole pointing down is released from rest and falls through a wire coil, as shown in the
figure. A resistor is connected across the two ends of the coil. What current would be produced in the coil, as
observed by a person directly above the coil?
(A) A clockwise current only
(B) A counterclockwise current only
(C) A current that is first clockwise and then counterclockwise
(D) A current that is first counterclockwise and then clockwise

Answer C

Correct. The magnet’s magnetic field points upward both below the magnet (toward the south pole) and
above the magnet (away from the north pole). As the magnet drops and is approaching the coil from
above, the field is upward and increasing in magnitude, so the change in magnetic flux is upward. The
induced current will create a field in the downward direction to oppose the change in flux, and by the
right-hand rule is clockwise. Later, as the magnet moves away from the coil below, the upward field is
decreasing in magnitude so the change in the upward magnetic flux is downward. The induced current
will this time create a field that is upward, again to oppose the change in flux, and by the right-hand rule
is counterclockwise.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

28.

A metal wire of resistance is bent into a circular loop of radius and placed in a uniform magnetic field
, as shown in Figure . The -component of the magnetic field is shown as a function of time in Figure ,
where positive indicates that the magnetic field is directed out of the plane of the figure. Which of the following
correctly indicates the magnitude and direction of the current induced in the loop at time ?

Magnitude Direction
A Clockwise
B Counterclockwise
C Clockwise
D Counterclockwise

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D

Answer D

Correct. The induced is given by Faraday’s law: Ɛ , where is the

magnetic field and is the area of the loop. At , the magnetic field is changing at a rate of
or . The area of the loop is ,

so the induced is . which is . The current is then

. The direction of the induced current creates a magnetic field that opposes the
change in magnetic flux. The change in magnetic field and flux are directed into the plane of Figure ,
because the field is changing from positive (out of the plane) to negative (into the plane) at . To

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

oppose this change, the current creates a field directed out of the plane of the figure. By the right-hand
rule, it takes a counterclockwise current to create a field in this direction.

29. A square conducting loop of wire is initially in the -plane with its center located at the origin. There is a magnetic
field that is uniform in space, but not necessarily constant in time, that is initially described by
at time . Which of the following would cause an to be induced in the loop of wire?

(A) Varying the field in time as while keeping the loop stationary.

(B) Varying the field in time as while keeping the loop stationary.

(C) Rotating the loop about the -axis while keeping the field constant in time.
(D) Moving the loop in the positive -direction while keeping the field constant in time.

Answer B

Correct. When the area of the surface being considered is constant, the induced equals the area
multiplied by the rate of change in the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the surface. The
perpendicular field component is the -component, which varies in time for the field indicated in this
answer and therefore an would be induced in the loop.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

30.

A rectangular loop of wire lies in the -plane in a region with a uniform magnetic field directed in the
-direction, as shown. In which of the following cases will an be induced in the loop?
(A) When the loop is moving without rotating in the -direction
(B) When the loop is moving without rotating in the -direction
(C) When the loop is rotating about an axis along the -axis
(D) When the loop is rotating about an axis along the -axis

Answer D

Correct. The induced is given by Faraday’s law Ɛ . The

magnetic field and the loop area within the field are not changing, but the angle between the field and the
area vector of the loop is changing, so the induced is nonzero.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

31.

The diagram above shows two square-shaped regions located in the vicinity of a long current-carrying wire. The
sides of square 2 are twice as long as the sides of square 1. If the flux of the magnetic field through region 1 is ,
then the flux of the magnetic field through region 2 can be represented as where is a constant. The value of
must be
(A) equal to 2
(B) between 2 and 4
(C) equal to 4
(D) between 4 and 8
(E) greater than 8

Answer B

Correct. If the magnetic field were constant, then doubling one side of the square would double the flux
to , and doubling both sides would increase the flux to . However, the magnetic field decreases as
the distance from the wire increases. Since the magnetic field at twice the distance is half the magnitude,
the total flux through region 2 would be somewhere between and .

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

32.

A loop of wire is entering a region that contains a magnetic field of magnitude with an initial speed of , as
shown in the figure. The graph shows the magnitude of the electric field created in the loop as the loop enters the
field. The electric field creates a counterclockwise current in the loop. Which of the following indicates how the
loop is moving as it enters the field and the direction of the magnetic field?
(A) The loop is moving at a constant speed, and the magnetic field is into the page.
(B) The loop is moving at a constant speed, and the magnetic field is out of the page.
(C) The loop is speeding up, and the magnetic field is into the page.
(D) The loop is speeding up, and the magnetic field is out of the page.
(E) The loop is slowing down, and the magnetic field is into the page.

Answer C

Correct. The electric field is increasing; thus, the loop must be speeding up, according to Faraday’s law.
If the magnetic field is into the page and the area is increasing, then the magnetic flux is increasing into
the page. Therefore, the current must create a magnetic field that is out of the page; thus, the current is
counterclockwise.

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

33.

The graph above shows an emf induced in a loop of wire as a function of time t. Which of the following graphs
best corresponds to the magnetic flux passing through the loop of wire as a function of time t ?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

34.

Two pairs of long, parallel wires are arranged to produce a conducting square, as shown. A uniform, constant
magnetic field is directed into the page throughout the region. The top horizontal wire is moving toward the top of
the page with speed and the right vertical wire is moving to the right with speed such that the side length
increases at a constant rate, inducing an in the square loop. At the instant shown, the side length is and the
induced in the loop is Ɛ . What is the induced in the loop when the sides of the square have length ?
Ɛ
(A)
Ɛ
(B)
(C) Ɛ
(D) Ɛ
(E) Ɛ

Answer D

Correct. Faraday’s law states that . In this option, is constant and two
conducting wires are moving outward at speed , increasing the area . When the length of each side of
the conducting square is , then
. Therefore, when
, , and when , .

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

35.

A loop of wire lies in the plane of the page in a region with a uniform magnetic field directed into the page, as
shown in the figure above. In which of the following cases, if any, will an emf be induced in the loop at the moment
shown in the figure?
(A) The loop is moving toward the right.
(B) The loop is moving toward the top of the page.
The loop is moving out of the plane of the paper so that the loop’s plane remains perpendicular to the
(C)
magnetic field.
The loop is moving into the plane of the paper so that the loop’s plane remains perpendicular to the
(D)
magnetic field.
(E) An emf cannot be induced in the loop without changing its orientation relative to the magnetic field.

36.

The circular wire loop shown above has resistance and area and is fixed in position in the plane of
the page. A uniform magnetic field of magnitude is directed perpendicularly into the plane of the page. The
magnetic field begins to decrease, inducing a current of in the loop. The average rate at which the
magnitude of the magnetic field is decreasing is most nearly

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(A)
(B)
(C)

(D)

(E)

37.

A rectangular loop of resistance is partly in a region of uniform magnetic field, as shown in the figure. The loop’s
height and length are and , respectively. The magnetic field is directed out of the page. A constant force
is exerted on the loop to the right as shown, such that the loop moves with constant speed . Which expression is
equal to ?
(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

Answer A

Correct. Due to the induced current created in the loop, the magnetic field will exert a magnetic force on
the moving charge carriers within the loop. The magnitude of the force is

⯑ , and the current can be determined from the induced as

follows. The current is . must be equal to the magnetic force magnitude in

order for the loop to move at a constant velocity. Substituting for in the expression for the force and

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then solving for the speed: .

38.

A circular loop of wire in the plane of the page is in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude directed to the right,
as shown in the figure above. The magnetic field extends above and below the page. For which of the following
would there be an induced current in the loop?

Rotate the loop around the -axis.

Rotate the loop around the -axis.

Rotate the loop around the -axis.

(A) only
(B) only
(C) only
(D) and only
(E) , , and

Answer B

Correct. Current exists if there is an induced potential, and potential is induced if magnetic flux is
changing with time. Magnetic flux depends on the angle between the magnetic field and area vector
according to . As the loop rotates about the -axis, continually
changes and there is an induced potential and current in the loop; specifically, a current which
continually changes magnitude and direction.

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39.

A uniform magnetic field of magnitude is directed at an angle of to the plane of a rectangular loop of
area , as shown in the figure. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?
(A) Zero
(B)

(C)
(D)

Answer B

Correct. The magnetic flux is . The area vector is perpendicular to the surface, so is at
an angle of degrees to the magnetic field . The flux is then , which is

40.

A circular loop of radius r is located in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude B directed at an angle ⯑ to the plane
of the loop, as shown above. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

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41.

Two square loops of thin metal wire are positioned on the horizontal xy-plane in a magnetic field that is directed
upward through the loops at an angle ⯑ with the vertical z-axis, as shown in the figure above. The small loop has
side length a. The large loop has side length b. The magnetic flux in the space between the loops is
(A)

(B)

(C)
(D)
(E)

42.

A magnetic field of magnitude is directed at an angle of to the plane of a rectangular loop of area
, as shown above. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Answer A

Correct. Using the equation for magnetic flux and taking into account the correct angle between a

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

perpendicular vector to the area shown and the magnetic field lines, which would be , the magnetic

flux can be determined by the following calculations. .

43.

Two circular loops of thin metal wire of radius and radius are positioned on the horizontal -plane. A
magnetic field of magnitude is directed upward through the loops at an angle with the vertical -axis, as shown
in the figure above. The magnetic flux in the space between the loops is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

Answer E

Correct. Magnetic flux is calculated using the equation . The scalar, or dot, product of

the vectors and is , where is the angle between the magnetic field and area vectors
and is shown in the figure above. Therefore, because this is a uniform field

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

. Because each of the loops is circular, flux through one loop can be

calculated by . The flux through the space between the loops is

calculated by subtracting the flux through the inner loop from the flux through the outer loop
. Rearranging yields .

44.

A metal wire of resistance 10 Ω is bent into a circular hoop of radius 0.10 meter and placed in a uniform magnetic
field, as shown in Figure 1 above. The magnetic field strength B as a function of time is shown in Figure 2, where
positive refers to a magnetic field directed out of the page. What are the magnitude and direction of the current
induced in the ring at time t = 6 s?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

Magnitude Direction
(A)
3.8 mA Clockwise

Magnitude Direction
(B)
3.8 mA Counterclockwise

Magnitude Direction
(C)
0.42 mA Clockwise

Magnitude Direction
(D)
0.42 mA Counterclockwise

Magnitude Direction
(E)
0 mA No direction

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45.

A uniform magnetic field of magnitude exists in a certain region of space. A long wire is bent into a
circular loop and placed in the field so that a normal vector to the plane of the loop is at a angle relative to the
magnetic field, as shown. The magnitude of the magnetic flux through the loop is most nearly
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Answer B

Correct. The length of the loop is the circumference of the circle, ; thus, the area of the loop

is . Substituting into the equation for magnetic flux yields

.

46. A metal ring of radius is placed in a region with a uniform, time-dependent magnetic field that is perpendicular to
the plane of the ring. The magnitude of the magnetic field changes as a function of time according to the
equation . Which of the following is a correct expression for the magnitude of the electric field
induced in the ring as a function of time ?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

(A)
(B)
(C)

(D)
(E)

Answer D

Correct. Using Faraday’s law to relate the electric field to the change in magnitude of the magnetic flux
ⅆ
yields ⅆ
.

47.

A permanent magnet of mass M is dropped down the interior of a hollow cylindrical tube made of copper, as shown
at left in the figure above. Friction between the inside of the tube and the magnet is negligible. As the magnet moves
downward, an upward magnetic force FB is induced, and the magnet’s velocity quickly reaches a constant terminal
value vT. A nonmagnetic object of mass M is attached to the permanent magnet and the drop is repeated, as shown
at right in the figure above. When terminal velocity is reached, how do the new values of FB and vT compare with
their values without the object?
(A) FB and vT are the same.
(B) FB is larger and vT is smaller.
(C) FB is smaller and vT is larger.
(D) FB and vT are both larger.
(E) FB and vT are both smaller.

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48.

The circular wire loop shown above has resistance 30 ⯑ and area 3.0 m2, and is fixed in position in the plane of the
page. A uniform magnetic field B is directed perpendicularly into the plane of the page. The constant rate at which
the magnetic field would have to change in order to induce a current of 1.0 mA in this loop is most nearly
(A) 3.0 × 10–4 T/s
(B) 1.0 × 10–3 T/s
(C) 3.0 × 10–3 T/s
(D) 1.0 × 10–2 T/s
(E) 3.0 × 10–2 T/s

49.

A rectangular coil of wire is positioned in the plane of the page as shown above. A long straight wire, also in the
plane of the page, initially carries a steady current of magnitude to the right. During a given time interval, the
current in the wire decreases at a constant rate to zero, changes direction, and increases at a constant rate to the left.
Which of the following best describes the direction of the current, if any, induced in the rectangular coil while the
current in the wire is changing?
(A) There is no current induced in the rectangular coil.
(B) Clockwise only
(C) Counterclockwise only
(D) First clockwise, then counterclockwise
(E) First counterclockwise, then clockwise

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

Answer B

Correct. Because the loop has more area below the wire than above it, it is the magnetic flux in the lower
part of the wire that will determine the direction of the current in the loop. According to the right-hand
rule for the direction of the magnetic field from a wire, since the current in the wire is to the right, the net
magnetic flux in the loop is into the page. As the current decreases, this magnetic flux also decreases and
Lenz’s law says the induced current will oppose this change by producing a magnetic field into the page,
which by the right-hand rule requires a clockwise current in the loop. When the current changes
direction, the magnetic flux will be out of the page and increasing. Lenz’s law indicates that this will also
create a clockwise current in the loop.

50.

Each of the figures above shows two adjacent uniform magnetic fields of the same magnitude , but the magnetic
fields are in opposite in directions. In each figure, a square conducting loop moves perpendicular to the two
magnetic fields at speed . In which figure is the current in the loop counterclockwise?

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(A) Figure 1
(B) Figure 2
(C) Figure 3
(D) Figure 4
(E) None of the loops will have a counterclockwise current.

Answer C

Correct. As the loop is moved to the left, the flux though the loop will become increasingly into the page.
According to Lenz’s law, the current induced must create a magnetic field out of the page; thus, the
induced current must be counterclockwise.

51.

A square coil with sides of length 1.0 cm is moved through a region of uniform magnetic field at a constant speed,
as shown in the figure above. Which of the following graphs best shows the current I in the coil as a function of the
position x of the right edge as the coil moves through the magnetic field, where counterclockwise current is
positive?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

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52.

A square wire loop with side L and resistance R is held at rest in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude B directed
out of the page, as shown above. The field decreases with time t according to the equation B = a – bt, where a and b
are positive constants. The current I induced in the loop is
(A) zero
(B) 𝑎𝐿2⯑𝑅, clockwise
(C) 𝑎𝐿2⯑𝑅, counterclockwise
(D) 𝑏𝐿2⯑𝑅, clockwise
(E) 𝑏𝐿2⯑𝑅, counterclockwise

53.

A uniform magnetic field vector B is directed out of the page, as represented above. A loop of wire of area 0.8 m2 is
in the plane of the page. At a certain instant, the field has a magnitude of 5.0 T and is decreasing at the rate of 0.5 T/
s. The magnitude of the induced emf in the wire loop at this instant is most nearly

(A) 0.4 V
(B) 1.6 V
(C) 2.0 V
(D) 4.0 V
(E) 8.0 V

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54.

A wire loop of area A is placed in a time-varying but spatially uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the
plane of the loop, as shown above. The induced emf in the loop is given by , where b is a constant. The
time-varying magnetic field could be given by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

55.

A wire loop with width and height is in a magnetic field that is directed into the page, as shown in the figure
above. The magnitude of the magnetic field changes with time . The magnitude of the resulting induced in
the wire loop is given as a function of time by the equation , where is a positive constant in units of
. Which of the following is a possible expression for the magnitude of the magnetic field?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

Answer D

Correct. Given the induced and since the equation for is , one can set
them equal to each other. The magnetic flux must first be determined through the wire loop. The
magnetic flux through this loop is given by , where is the area of the loop, and the
angle is degrees since the magnetic field is perpendicular to the loop. Thus,
. Thus, by setting the given equal to the equation for ,
substituting in the magnetic flux, then integrating with respect to , and taking the magnitude of the final

answer results in this option.

56.

In the circuit drawn above, the switch S is initially open, and the capacitor C is charged with the polarity indicated.
The switch is then closed, and the capacitor begins discharging through the resistor. Which of the following is true
of the current that is subsequently induced in the circular wire loop near the long, straight wire AB ?

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

(A) It is counterclockwise and constant.

(B) It is counterclockwise and increases with time.
(C) It is counterclockwise and decreases with time.
(D) It is clockwise and increases with time.
(E) It is clockwise and decreases with time.

57.

A conducting loop in the plane of the page is partially inside a uniform magnetic field , as shown in the figure
above. What is the direction of the net force on the loop as the magnitude of the magnetic field decreases?
(A) Toward the left
(B) Toward the right
(C) Toward the top of the page
(D) Toward the bottom of the page
(E) Out of the page

58.

The y-component of the magnetic field B is given as a function of time t by the equation By = -α + βt, where α = 4.0
T and β = 3.0 T/s. A coil of wire with an area of 2.0 m2 and a resistance of 6.0 Ω is placed in this field, parallel to
the xz-plane at y= 2.0 cm. The current in the coil at time t = 1.2 s is most nearly

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

(A) 0
(B) 0.60 A
(C) 1.0 A
(D) 3.6 A
(E) 6.0 A

59.

A single loop of wire is at rest in a magnetic field that is directed into the page, as shown in the figure above. The
loop has a radius of and a resistance of . The magnetic field has a magnitude that changes as a function of
time according to the equation , where and are both positive constants in units of and
, respectively. Which of the following expressions gives the current in the loop as a function of time ?
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Answer B

Correct. The induced potential in the loop is derived using Faraday’s law of induction: ;

; . Calculation of the

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MCQ 13.1-13.3 EM induction and Len's law

current from the induced potential and resistance is: .

60.

A metal rod of length L that can slide on horizontal frictionless metal rails is moved through a uniform magnetic
field of magnitude B that is perpendicular to the rails, as shown in the figure above. The other ends of the rails are
connected by a wire to form a circuit of resistance R. An external force of magnitude F is applied to the rod so that
the rod maintains a constant speed v. What is the power supplied by the force?
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

61.

A copper rod of resistance R is in electrical contact with a frictionless U-shaped rail of width L and negligible
resistance. The rod is pulled to the right at a constant velocity . A magnetic field is directed into the page, as
shown in the figure above. Under these conditions, the electric power dissipated in the rod is P. If the velocity of the
rod is doubled and the magnetic field strength is reduced by half, the power dissipated in the rod is
(A) P/4
(B) P/2
(C) P
(D) 2P
(E) 4P

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62.

A conducting rod of resistance R is in electrical contact with a frictionless U-shaped rail of width L and negligible
resistance. The rod is pulled to the right at a constant velocity . A magnetic field is directed into the page, as
shown in the figure above. Under these conditions, the electric power dissipated in the rod is P. If the velocity of the
rod is doubled, the power dissipated in the rod is
(A) P/4
(B) P/2
(C) P
(D) 2P
(E) 4P

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