AGRIO4MICROBIOLOGY
Giving Hhings
Agaaltul Microbioko
Ssizelum) to study
Hlated
Tyþes oh microbes
Presence t Absene of
muclus muclees
Eukayotes Prokasyotes
Indudes bactea ,
viy 4Ses,etc.
Microbialoqy ’ It is Hhe seudy tt liing ovgamisms whch
icroscopic in Size amd in cludes 6atesa , Vivuses
Rungi , algae amd þrotozoa.
Microbilogy is Con eHned
wiha form strctwie, rebroduchon,
metabalism distribtion amd inteaton
microorgamisms wih othe iving ogemsms.
Aqicustunal microbiaQogy ’ IA is a bramch o agialtral
Saence that deal win 4he stedy
associated
dilkerant microovgamisms
with lots, soil Betiety and dise as es .
# Di types e microor gamism s >
Mayo groub ob mcioorga sms inlude þrolkanyote
microbes and eukayote mtvobes.
* Prokasyotic mncrobes -
Bocteia : These unicellilas þrolkargote mcyoovgamims
amd conta ns
that multhies by Ginary ission
Kam thomo oS amd Nitro bate.
Thede microorgamsms im þortomt becase
are
thay are matwr l Benility bas boosters by m brjont
lso diseses hat sþols he
amd hey Calesed
amd lso used
Viruses These mucleoþroteins containing micvoovg amss
where ucleic aid ( bNA a RNA) 1s covered by a protein
Coet en- Tobe cco mo Saic Virs. (TMv)
mportamt becawse they Causes
Sigmframe These are
l o Cam be used as biocontral aget.
d'sease
Xeukauyotie mioobes 8
These are eukaryotic unellula
microorganismi nat Rocks chlorobhyll.
is mot dillerentiated jnto hoot , tem ot
Their body
amd cellad thells. fungi structe Contouns
Deaves
ploets ornd msSed of cells kvown myclim. Thly
at asenwaly Semelly
refroduce by sþores eith
6u- yeat, ust fyd,ct.
ekaryotie
Alqat These uni wlllar h mulhillla
microorgois as cotan'ng chlovophyee amd o the
Their bnown
þigments. Gody
Proto20a- These cuni callel a ekanyoHe orgamims
which do its own.
mot syhesize their
Hw
+ Lmpast ame f Agualkoral Micvobialogy:
It s omch
a bromch o aicteral su that Qeals
asociated
the shdy alßet microongamima
with blots
Betilky omd diseases.
Some afthe imhortm es ofiteun al merob ialogs
are giren
MicroovgomiS ms like bacteric omd to helfs to
inyee he Soe bentility by dom þosig he ovgamie
maten in the Soil.
Metaomogend pre sent in cow dunk halfA in makmg
goban qas hat Can be used as
toetng punpos es.
Rhizo bru m bactea helf in improving thehe toot streng h
oh the plant by
ay tmtrog iwng mitrogen in its
noot madles
Mierobet ttet ike Saccvo ny ces Cervis ial
iS a Bamgi Jhat is Used
Bor mahing bread amd
ubed in brewing indutries for traducton beer
Agroboein turaifauams
Some Batenias ike e-ati Cam be used
a vector gem modigying agent +that can be
Wsed to add
ony gene kronn he lent blA.
Vivules ike muelobeyhedrovivus Com be uded
materal bco condroe gont that is sheie speufie and
llehve idhot causing damnaye
is verg eehve o thov cvobr.
) Lode aud 6hactea is used in m¡king
rogttcfan rd
Sockvia toalls huringorenis a t d a madural
uaed for conteliny mo hs, fley
jnsectside mecty used
omd mos qutor.
yonoboceria
Blu gren algal ir
green aly is ree vmg that makes
shou al ad alkol treteroyst that ave usefl f
qre
emvivonmamt by deon posing dead ond decaying males
Omd conver ling it to srnar substomees which cam be
Ratev wed ey diffut entt and ammels.
b) Eukovy otes omd Pro kayotes i
Slo Paromtevs
Pro leovyote utkayots
llelar lell wall made Cel wall is made uh
organis ation þolysocchari oes erther
f peptido glycon weblose on chtin.
Ribosomes Tos Ribosom es ave 70, g0 s yibosohes are
þrerent þresent
3 Flagella Flagella ansis tr a Flagall hage more
Singe þyotein known as Comþle StcuYe tkieh
wih q+2 micvofubuk
tlgellin. aYrongement
Mitochonoia are þvest
Emengy
metabaliSm asou cted with ytopa-or emerqy ut bolim.
nembrames
tis asSoated with
membvo tystem rd plent el amo a l
vesicles in ytoklesmBor bhoko synth
Divisloy f These are nicelllar Thel orgamima have
Rabouv orgaisms whrch lecks renbrom bouve orçomelles
ovgoms, hevefore hirefore divisjo
no divìsjon abour Rabour om be can
Abscant Present
2 Nuclous
oneic DNA i tree in Tre membvome baunol
p. materralond mucleus i present
mo muclear membree n it.
relliatio Wrh DNA
ic prelst DNA omplsed
DNA is Bojated
DNA -þrolnsh
with Asbne pro tena
1 pacleagmg cortan Plwds
Presene They may
Ayom somomu fumd.
Rund
etra
DNA led as blsmidy
Ceel
division
12 Tronsfer genete Tromsfr gnethe Enuckomge nete
malertal merilotcavs inbrmn ocaC
hvoup h conjpio, melos
trams u o omd
tromsprmtion
Propertiea
Bactevial morphalogy -
baderiad morbhalo84 is erse
very diverse dafencting
dafonding fon it bracogicul
punckions ike mo de mutition , moHwty disperniom , strecs
Jresisto e oml intergcions with Oher orgonimd. Bas ed ufon
morphalog , bacevia qre
(0) Cocç ’ hese are sþhevical oR ovl cells whch
eR in pair ok OR in bunch
either siogle
be clevias Whch vary n
(1) Bacili’ The qbinder Shafad rouno oR
ength dianeter omd mey have Squere)
polntad
arved backerio bound
(n) Spiral bocteria -’
Thee qre
nd bent rods
as splt sþendor, spiral or shrrochaeles
Filom entous Bq cteria e
(V) Bor shafe Backria
(vi) Apben dayed Bocleria
(Vi) Plobmovþhic Bacdevia
(U Backria (S a
uwalllov þrokarya te having simjele nernal structwre.
outer Layer o bocderiad celle cae consists d two comonentsj
the outer rigid cll wall omd inne alsma membvone.
mernrome Suvroundda othe n Clson
6odies Such as vitosomes , melos omed , vecuole, qromwoles, etc.
(m) There ba fore the bockevitl stru cure Gn be dividdeod ino
tuso part ’
(al Strudure on combonnts
componts eut
outrie callwee
flaylla , Pelli sline layer
(b) Struetur ) comhonnts insele ehe cellwll cytolesmic
membromey y to esm ribasome meSo Some yto esmic
intrucders, mucleoid, sþore.
flaglla
Ceel wale
Pili (eilus)
Plamid -Periplmde spae
Chromdofhore
Stagegvonles
(Vald,Pso,ck)
D . o Mesosom
Risotom
Godies
# el wall
backeri is enlosed wrtin the ell mombome
" Te cy to plabm o all h
Covered by very vigd cell wall.
uw'dh is the dry
hackvial call wal Constitte! a siguttant horton
The
bacteril call ond it isis veny
very essental
growth no ivísin.
buntions bacerral cee wall þroetion rom
Viralonce bocbrs
eshonSes.
Delene agait host immane
pro tctio 6rom fie Bubs tam ces.
composiion bace ril ca@ wall;
OY
wkjh is
mwren whjch mede ah
uh syer and
AG
long halymers true syer
Tu Jtredare d bot lidogyn consists (MAa) and seond aa
darevtirs; ist m-q ehyl [Link]
qid C NAM) wtn side chains s allenthiy
M-aelg maram fo the NAM,
mino acids teched
D and
snd þepiede chans are cros linkd to puovide
TAe pephelogy con
brcevia palyalohel ibe hechote ad
is emtedad
pep tidogycon fo ytoblamie mbrame md Hus þromde rigday
þemdagyun.
The NAM is ateched with tetabef holes in qvom osneve
condis ts thttl-alanie d ayt amic
lysine amd d
gran megave Saceria , insead Rysinl, domao
þad fpoa pimele acid is þreset.
+echore
el walU qvom foskive Gacdeyia kov teore add, cwheh
lcohel evital.
arom hesitve Gackrte te tan the gvan atain anoo bserve u
vialet alour aften he mflaton o< ioline cmd ales hel
grom negattve Gacteria the ote
Mde ah tieo 2ioalysaccherioles topro tern md
prosy halipida.
iram oatire ba oter'a o6 serre pink
crys fl roet sfran f te alohel
aiceto m contr
cowntr sfrain b a stran
lsrmin),
# Dit lja grom psihve ond grorm negaive bacderia s
Paromete Gorom Jositve Boderia hrom ngahve Baceria
wall The cell wal qronm tve the all all of gcm ve
baderia is snoot omd o ho cería is Wavyomd do ble
Singd layer layen
20-80 mm 8- 2o nm
Hictmss
Pebidogla Wck Thin
on ayer
Teichorc
aud
Present Abscont
meobrond Absent Aresent
Povins Akent Present n
outr mbm
Jhore Non-shore for mg
koulls baderia
are nt Four ins are nt
flaysla Two rings
ttreckure in he basal booly 6csal baly
lonbnt
Vevy low
- Abscent Relent
foxI uo omd end fonin
Holt soclille Move sistmt
|bio4
hram Crystal vialt calour Pink caer afsu
SAeuny stany
X X
The ae A oukrmast sruchnes el bateval cele
Thase auu gelattnjous struches that provides addiio al protecty
t the butkvia kov preventithe phagoyfai
pagoyks.
he entern Re
AeCrehd 6y he cel nto
The cafls Qre
fhese ave hignly im fermea le.
enviyomont md
virulan bacloria . for en
Calaules do provde
esche chevia coli .
stre ptotocoufne mondae
flaelle
long hair wis ike helel ilmat
fram cyto eldie membone ne ente
enbndrng e 6ectea for thein
cull,Tu llagela hells ohes Atimuli.
fowero mutnt
movemnt
have all maliliy.
t Based
() Monotricho us bactria
Lofhetrichous boeteria
Pevi frlchous beeria
ataeknat fo he host or foy rond
the ba ckevi/ coyy hon .
As tom þaved fo the lgella pull ave thonner, Cmale
od more mum bers ((o0o ie in
cale)
Sime - This enkroelllar maler loouly
lowatd bocterjd &eies.?
whh Aome
bmooh
þreent Jut belo ne all a wal in both romn +ve omd
þvaid.
?oywer
molls.
casist chromoSomal ÞNA anal
valutn gvomales
alo devves
a douVa Carben nd engy.
t Ribosoms
These ae
onfosed bo fomel RNA eml
rnbosom ane me
vadicalar brutures frtued
ave
rich on respinbry enymes whh
boeirn,
Maosomes mifo chovol neta
shonsi for eukayoty'e
mot hreeth thu rayo les Gut the
Te mudens is create a
(hroymegoml BA wih KNA mmed
Sehor ale
Sone hij hly
-fite 6odevia Rorm
strueures helf yuctain the
advee enviyonrantl
shore covdex
