Round 3.

2 Science variations topic 2

PROGRESS LEVEL

Question 1

(a) (i) Between March and June of 20202020

(ii)(ii) Between June and September of 20202020

(b)
If oil prices drop, the electricity tariff drops. If oil prices increase, the electricity tariff increases. The
change in electricity tariff tends to occur after the change in oil prices.

Question 2

(a)
Speed of sound =distancetime=0.8 m0.0025 s=320=timedistance=0.0025 s0.8 m=320 m//s

(b)
Time =distancespeed=2.8 m320 m/s=0.00875=speeddistance=320 m/s2.8 m=0.00875 s

Hence, the second option is correct.

(c)
On the seashore, you would hear two explosions because sound travels at different speeds through
the air and through the water. The first explosion heard is due to the sound which travels more
quickly through the water. The second explosion heard is due to the sound travelling through the air
at a slower speed.

Question 3

(a)
Total area of the legs of stool in contact with the
ground =5×3.14×0.016 =5×3.14×0.016 m × 0.016 × 0.016 m = 0.00402 = 0.00402 m22

Total pressure exerted by the stool on the

Hence, the second option is correct.

(b)
The pressure exerted by the stool increases as the force applied on the stool increases and the total
area in contact with the ground remains unchanged.

Strong Level

Question 1

(a)

The water behind the dam has potential energy due to the position of the water above ground level.
As the water flows down the pipes in the dam, the water's potential energy is converted to kinetic
energy. The running water then turns the turbine of the generator, converting kinetic energy into
electrical energy. This electricity is transmitted to homes to power lamps, which convert energy to
heat and light.

(b)

The power station will generate less electrical energy. When the water level falls, the kinetic energy
of the flowing water decreases . Less kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by theturbine.

(c)

There are no large, powerful rivers flowing in the relatively flat terrain of Singapore. It's therefore
not feasible to construct dams equipped with waterwheels and hydroelectric turbines to generate
electricity.

(d)

The water dammed up behind hydroelectric power stations such as the Three Gorges Dam hasmuch
more gravitational potential energy than the excess rainwater behind the crest gates at Marina
Barrage. The outflowing water at the Barrage therefore does not possess sufficient kinetic energy to
rotate hydroelectric turbines.

Question 2

(a)
Hence, the first option is correct.

(b)
(i)(i) Smallest surface area of the
brick =0.06=0.06 m ×× 0.030.03 m == 0.00180.0018 m22

Highest pressure that can be exerted by the

(ii)(ii) Largest surface area of the

Lowest pressure that can be exerted by the

Question 3

(a)
(i)(i) Identify the method of fishing shown in the diagram above. Trawling

(ii)(ii) How does this fishing method affect marine life?

Trawlers drag large fishing nets along the bottom of the sea, which may destroy coral reefs and
organismson the seabed, as well as trap marine life indiscriminately.

(b)

Uncontrolled fishing practices will result in the depletion of marine populations. Eventually, some
species may become endangered or extinct.

(c)

Marine species can be conserved by using nets with larger mesh sizes so that young fish are not
caught. Legislation could be implemented to ban the harvesting of endangered marine species.
Fishing quotas could also be set to limit the amount of fish harvested from each fishery.

ninja Level

Question 1

(a)
No. I would arrange the heaviest cloth to be placed closest to me and the lightest ones away from me.

Hence, the second option is correct.

(b)
He holds his hands as far apart as possible in order to create a large moment, with one of the hands
acting as the pivot and the other providing the force.

(c)
Direction of force on his right hand ⁣::downwards

Direction of force on his left hand ⁣::upwards

(d)
Taking moments about the pivot (the man’s left hand),

Sum of clockwise moments due to clothing

=(0.40)(10)(0.30)+(0.50)(10)(1.10−0.30)+(1.10)(10)(1.60−0.30)=(0.40)(10)(0.30)+(0.50)
(10)(1.10−0.30)+(1.10)(10)(1.60−0.30)
=19.50=19.50 N m

Hence, the second option is correct.

(e)
Applying the principle of moments,

Sum of anticlockwise moments about the same pivot (the man’s left hand)

Fright(0.30Fright(0.30 m)=19.50)=19.50 N m

∴Fright=65∴Fright=65 N

Since the rod is balanced (horizontally),

Sum of upward forces == sum of downward forces

∴Fleft=65∴Fleft=65 N + 4 + 4 N + 5 + 5 N + 11 + 11 N =85 =85 N

Question 2

(a)

When the ball bounces on the floor, half of the kinetic energy changes into sound and heat as it hits
the floor. This is why the ball only reaches half of its previous height after each bounce.

(b)
1.11.1 m (A) (A) ×× 12 ⟶ 0.5521 ⟶ 0.55 m (C) (C) ×× 12 ⟶ 0.27521
⟶ 0.275 m (E) (E) =27.5=27.5 cm

Hence, the fourth option is correct.

(c)
(i)(i) 22 J

(ii)(ii) 11 J

(d)
(i)(i) 00 J

(ii)(ii) 33 J (A) (A) ×× 12 ⟶ 1.521 ⟶ 1.5 J (C) (C) ×× 12 ⟶ 0.7521

(iii)(iii) 0.750.75 J

Question 3

(a)
Density of gold nugget
=massvolume=volumemass

=40 g2.8 cm3=2.8 cm340 g

=14.29=14.29 g//cm33.

Hence, the first option is correct.

(b)
Density of 2424K gold =19.3=19.3 g//cm33

Density of 1818K gold

=1824×19.3=2418×19.3

=14.5=14.5 g//cm33

Density of 1414K gold

=1424×19.3=2414×19.3

=11.3=11.3 g//cm33

The gold nugget is most likely to be 1818K gold as its density is the closest to that of 1818K gold.

Question 4

(a) the first option is correct.

(b)
The work done against friction when the ball hits the walls or the floor of the squash court gives the
heat that warms the ball.

(c)
The warmer rubber wall heats up the trapped air causing the pressure of the trapped air to increase.
The scant increased stretching of the elastic rubber wall keeps the trapped air pressure high. The
greater pressure and the increased stretching make the ball more bouncy.