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Circuit Theory I
Chapter-1
Circuit Variables
Asst. Prof. Dr. Kamil ÇETİN
İzmir Katip Çelebi University
Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering
[Link]@[Link]

Outline

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Section One
Introduction

Introduction (1/3)

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 Applied sciences
 Mathematics
To change the World for living in a better way
Communication links, electrical power tools,
surgical medical equipments, telephones,
robots etc.
 Improve and refine
 Discover and develop

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Introduction (2/3)
Circuit Theory (Analysis)
 Electrical Circuit ?
 Mathematical model approximates the behaviour
 Modeling, mathematical techniques, and the language of the circuit
 To link between the real-life examples and theory
 To understand ideas from an engineering point of view
 To design new concepts
 The electromagnetic field theory: static and moving electric charges
There assumptions:
1. Electrical effects happen instantanepusly throughout a system.
2. The net charge on every compenent in the system is always zero.
3. There is no magnetic coupling between the components in a system.

Introduction (3/3)
Practical Perspective
Power Balance
 To check the results
 To provide the power balance
Problem solving (further info. pls see pg. 7-
8)

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Section Two

An Overview to Electrical Engineering

An Overview to Electrical Engineering

Classifications of Electrical and Electroncis Engineering

• Communication Systems
• Computer Systems
• Control Systems
• Power Systems
• Signal and Processing Systems
IKCU Electrical and Electronics Engineering Divisions
• Electrical Power Systems
• Electrical Machines and Power Electronics
• Telecommunication
• Circuits and Systems
• Electronics
• Control Systems
• Electromagnetic Fields

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Section Three

The International System of Units

The International System of Units (1/2)

• To compare the results

• To understand the other engineering disciplines
• The International System of Units (SI)

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The International System of Units (2/2)

Example:
If a signal can travel in a cable 80% of the speed of the light, what length of
cable, in inches, represents 1 ns?
1𝑛𝑠= 10−9𝑠
c = 3𝑥108𝑚/𝑠 then 80% of c = 2.4𝑥108𝑚/𝑠
Meters-per-second to inches-per-nanosecond

2.4𝑥108𝑚 1𝑠 100𝑐𝑚 1𝑖𝑛𝑐

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 9.45𝑖𝑛𝑐/
𝑠 109𝑛𝑠 𝑛𝑠 1𝑚 2.54 𝑐𝑚

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Section Four
An Overview to Circuit Analysis

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An Overview to Circuit Analysis (1/2)

Engineering design procedure

1. A need?
• Improving an existingdesign
• Brand-new
2. To determine design specifications
• Measurable characteristics
3. Concept for the design
• A sketch, a written description, on in other form
4. Mathematical model >>> Circuit model
• Electrical component: light bulb, motor, batteryetc.
5. Circuit analysis
• Comparison between the desired behaviour and predicted behaviour
• Refinements based on analysis
6. Physical prototype
• Measurement techniques
• Refinements based on the measurements

An Overview to Circuit Analysis (2/2)

Voltage and Current
The concept of electric charge is the basis for decribing all electrical
phenomena.
• The charge is bipolar.
• The electric charge exists in discrete quantities.
• Electrical effects are attributed to both the separation of charge and charges in motion.
Seperation of charge >>> Voltage (electric force)
Motion of charges >>> Current (electric fluid)
Voltage: is the energy per unit charge created by the seperation
Current: the rate of charge flow

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Section Five
Ideal Basic Circuit Element

Ideal Basic Circuit Element

An ideal basic circuit element has three attributes:

i. it has only two terminals, which are points of connection to other circuit components;
ii. it is described mathematically in terms of current and/or voltage;
iii. it cannot be subdivided into other elements
What do ideal and basic mean?
Reference polarity for voltage and current: Passive sign convention

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Section Six
Power & Energy

Power & Energy (1/2)

Power and Energy are the other significant circuit variables useful for the
analysis and design of systems.
• Power limitations
• Voltage and current are insufficient.
We now relate power and energy to voltage and current and at the same time use the power
calculation to illustrate the passive sign convention.

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Power & Energy (2/2)

𝑝 = 𝑣𝑖
Power associated with a basic circuit element is simply the product of the
current in the element and the voltage across the element.

Power is a quantity associated with a pair of terminals, and we have to be able to tell from our calculation
whether power is being delivered to the pair of terminals or extracted from it. This information comes from
the correct application and interpretation of the passive sign convention.
Suppose that selecting the reference polarity in Fig. b., and the current and voltage are calculated as 4A and
-10V, respectively.
𝑝= − ( − 1 0 ) ( 4) = 4 0 𝑊

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Quote of the week

«Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important
thing is not to stop questioning.»
..Albert Einstein..

THANK YOU…
[Link]@[Link]

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