ONE WAY
ANALYSIS OF
VARIANCE
Lesson 8
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, students should be
able to: • Explain the purpose and concept of One-Way
ANOVA
• Identify the assumptions underlying One-Way
ANOVA
• Apply the hypothesis testing procedure
• Compute the ANOVA test statistic using the F-Test
Formula
• Solve real-world problems using One-Way ANOVA
THINK-PAIR-SHARE
What factors can
affect student
performance on a test?
List down three possible factors
and discuss it with your partner.
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
What is
Analysis of
Variance?
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical
test used to assess the difference between the
means of more than two groups. The technique
analyzes the variance of the data to determine
whether we can infer that the population
means differ. The procedure can be applied
when the samples are independently drawn.
Assumption of One-Way
Analysis of Variance
1. The test uses one independent variable.
2.The samples are randomly selected and
independently assigned to groups
3.Populations should have approximately equal
standard deviation (homogeneous)
4.Population distributions are normal.
One Way ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA Table
ANOVA formula is made up of numerous parts. The best way to
tackle an ANOVA test problem is to organize the formulae inside an
ANOVA table. Below are the ANOVA formula:
One Way ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA Table
SSB - Sum of Squares Between Groups
- Total Degree of Freedom
SSW - Sum of Squares Within Groups
MSB - Mean Square Between Groups
SST - Total Sum of Squares
MSW - Mean Square Within Groups
- Degree of Freedom Between Groups
F - ANOVA Coefficient
- Degree of Freedom Within Groups
One Way ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA Table
Prior to conducting ANOVA, calculate for the following:
i. n - sum of observation per group v.
ii. N - total number of observations vi.
iii.
iv.
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 1: State the Hypothesis and Level of Significance.
Step 2: Calculate the degree of freedom and determine the critical
value of F.
Step 3: Calculate of Sum of Squares
Step 4: Calculate the Mean Squares
Step 5: Calculate the F-Test value and illustrate the result of one-
way analysis of variance using the table.
Step 6: Make a decision.
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 1: State the Hypothesis and Level of
Significance.
Null Hypothesis: The means of all groups are equal.
Alternative Hypothesis: At least one mean is different.
Level of Significance: For efficiency, one of our assumption for one-
way ANOVA is that the level of significance is 0.05.
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 2: Calculate the degree of freedom and
determine the critical value of F.
Degree of Freedom Between Groups:
Degree of Freedom Within Groups:
Total Degree of Freedom:
To find the critical value, we need the ff: , , and . Find the critical
value using the F Table.
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 3: Calculate of Sum of Squares
Sum of Squares Between Groups:
Sum of Squares Within Groups:
Total Sum of Squares:
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 4: Calculate the Mean Squares
Mean Square Between Groups:
Mean Square Within Groups:
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 5: Calculate the F-Test value and illustrate the result
of one-way analysis of variance using the table.
f test
anova table
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 6: Make a decision
In making a decision, follow this decision rule:
ü If , then reject .
Otherwise, do not reject
Write your decision using this guide:
If the is rejected: “There is enough evidence to reject the .”
If the :“There is not enough evidence to reject the .”
One Way ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing Procedure
Step 6: Make a decision
Afterwards, you must include your conclusion. In
writing your conclusion, follow this guide:
If the is REJECTED: “At least one mean is different.”
If the is NOT REJECTED: “There is no significant difference in
the mean of the groups.”
Example 1:
Solve using one-way ANOVA.
Example 2:
A farmer wants to test if three different
fertilizers affect plant growth differently. The
table below shows the plant heights (in cm)
after 30 days.
Example 3:
A researcher claims that there is a difference in the average age of
assistant professors, associate professors, and full professors at her
university. Faculty members are selected randomly and their ages
are recorded. Assume faculty ages are normally distributed. Test the
claim at the a=0.05 significance level. The data are listed below.
NEVER HAVE I EVER
RECEIVED
AN A ON AN
ASSIGNMENT
OR TEST
NEVER HAVE I EVER
HELPED A
CLASSMATE WITH
THEIR HOMEWORK
OR STUDYING
NEVER HAVE I EVER
MADE A
NEW FRIEND
AT SCHOOL
NEVER HAVE I EVER
VOLUNTEERED
FOR A SCHOOL
EVENT OR
ACTIVITY
NEVER i have ever
THANKS FOR
PLAYING!
NEVER i have ever
