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The document is an assignment from a student at COMSAT University Islamabad, detailing concepts in applied physics, including Ohm's Law and the characteristics of semiconductor diodes. It explains how current changes with resistance and describes the I-V characteristics of PN junction diodes under forward and reverse bias. Additionally, it compares silicon and germanium diodes and discusses the real-life application of diodes in mobile chargers.

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sawaizaliarif5
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14 views3 pages

AP Assignment

The document is an assignment from a student at COMSAT University Islamabad, detailing concepts in applied physics, including Ohm's Law and the characteristics of semiconductor diodes. It explains how current changes with resistance and describes the I-V characteristics of PN junction diodes under forward and reverse bias. Additionally, it compares silicon and germanium diodes and discusses the real-life application of diodes in mobile chargers.

Uploaded by

sawaizaliarif5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

COMSAT UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD (SAHIWAL

CAMPUS)

Name
:
Sawaiz Ali Airf

Registration:

FA23-BSE-037

Subject:

Applied Physics

Submitteb To:

Sir Atif Mehmoode

Date:

10.04.2025

Assignment:

Physics

QUESTION NO.1

A simple circuit has a 12V battery connected to a 4-ohm

resistor. a)

Ohm’s Law:

V = I \times R

To find the current:

I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{12}{4} = 3 \text{Amps}

Answer: The current is 3 Amperes.

b)

If the resistance is increased to 6 ohms:


I = \frac{12}{6} = 2 \text{Amps}

Answer: The new current is 2

Amperes.q c)

How resistance affects current:

Resistance and current have an inverse relationship. This means:

• If resistance increases, current decreases.

• If resistance decreases, current increases.

In simple words, resistance opposes the flow of current.

QUESTION NO.2

Semiconductor Diodes and Their

Characteristics a)

I-V characteristics of a PN junction diode:

• Forward Bias:

When the positive terminal is connected to the P-side and negative to the N-side, the
diode allows current after the threshold voltage (0.7V for silicon).

• The graph stays flat at first, then rises steeply after 0.7V.

• Reverse Bias:

When the terminals are connected the opposite way, the diode blocks current
except for a very small leakage. If reverse voltage is too high, breakdown can
happen.

(You can draw a graph showing: a sharp rise in forward bias after 0.7V, and a flat
line in reverse bias with a tiny leakage.)

b)

If a silicon diode has a cut-in voltage of 0.7V, and the applied voltage is only 0.5V,
will it conduct?

Answer:

No, the diode will not conduct because 0.5V is less than the required 0.7V. Silicon
diodes need at least 0.7V to start conducting.
c)

Comparison: Silicon vs Germanium Diodes

Property Silicon Germanium


Diode Diode
Cut-in Voltage 0.7 V 0.3 V
Leakage Very low Higher than
Current silicon

d)

Real-life application of a diode:

Application: Mobile Charger or Power Adapter

In chargers, diodes are used for rectification. They convert AC (alternating current)
from the wall into DC (direct current) that is safe for charging phones.

Function: The diode allows current to flow in only one direction, blocking the
reverse current. This helps in converting AC to DC safely.

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