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INTERNATIONAL GCSE
COMBINED SCIENCE
Paper 3 Physics Extension E
Wednesday 14 November 2018 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• a pencil and a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator
1
• the Physics equation sheet.
2
Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions. 5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write 6
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
7
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 8
• All working must be shown. TOTAL
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.
• The Physics equation sheet is provided as a loose insert.
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. outside the
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0 1 . 1 Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light travels as a
transverse wave.
Complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
In a transverse wave the oscillations are to the direction
of energy transfer.
0 1 . 2 Describe what is meant by the wavelength of a wave.
You may draw a labelled diagram in your answer.
[1 mark]
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When light travels from one substance to another, refraction takes place. box
Figure 1 shows a ray of light travelling in air and reaching the surface of a glass
block.
Figure 1
0 1 . 3 Complete Figure 1 to show the direction of the ray of light as it travels through the
glass block and emerges into the air.
[2 marks]
0 1 . 4 Why is light refracted as it travels from air into glass?
[1 mark]
Question 1 continues on the next page
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Refraction can be used to determine the sugar concentration in sugary drinks. box
A scientist investigated the relationship between the concentration of sugar and the
angle of refraction of light.
Figure 2 shows how the investigation was set up.
Figure 2
This is the method used:
• shine a ray of light into the sugar solution at an angle of incidence of 60°
• measure the angle of refraction
• repeat for different concentrations of sugar solution.
Table 1 shows the results.
Table 1
Concentration of sugar solution Angle of refraction
in % in degrees
10 40.0
20 39.4
30 38.8
40 38.2
50 37.6
60 36.9
70 36.2
80 35.6
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0 1 . 5 The resolution of a protractor is 1°. box
Explain why a protractor would not be suitable for this investigation.
Use Table 1.
[2 marks]
0 1 . 6 Plot a graph of the results from Table 1 and draw a line of best fit.
[4 marks]
Question 1 continues on the next page
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0 1 . 7 Describe the relationship between concentration of sugar solution and angle of box
refraction.
[2 marks]
0 1 . 8 Predict what the angle of refraction for pure water would be.
Use your graph from page 5.
[2 marks]
0 1 . 9 A student tested a sample of sugar solution to find the concentration. She carried out
the test three times. Table 2 shows the results.
Table 2
Repeat 1 Repeat 2 Repeat 3
Angle of refraction in degrees 36.1 37.4 36.4
The student said: “The concentration of the solution was 70%.”
Do you agree with her conclusion? Justify your answer.
Use your graph from page 5 or Table 1.
[3 marks]
18
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0 2 Figure 3 is a simplified circuit diagram to show how two heating elements in an box
electric oven connect to the mains electricity supply. The heating elements are
identical.
Figure 3
0 2 . 1 Mains electricity is an alternating current supply.
Describe the difference between alternating current and direct current.
[2 marks]
0 2 . 2 Suggest one advantage of connecting the heating elements in parallel.
[1 mark]
Question 2 continues on the next page
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0 2 . 3 When the oven is switched on at full power, there is a current of 11 A in each heating box
element.
The potential difference is 220 V.
Calculate the maximum power of the oven when both heating elements are being
used.
Use the Physics equation sheet.
[3 marks]
Maximum power = W
0 2 . 4 Calculate the cost of using the oven on maximum power for 2 hours.
The cost of 1 kWh of electricity is $0.20
Use your answer to question 02.3
Use the Physics equation sheet.
[4 marks]
Cost = $
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0 2 . 5 Figure 4 shows a mains cable connected to the electric oven. box
Figure 4
A fault has occurred which has caused the live wire to touch the metal casing.
If a person touches the oven they will not get an electric shock.
Explain how the earth wire and the fuse protect the person.
[4 marks]
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0 3 Figure 5 shows the International Space Station. People from several countries work box
on the space station.
Figure 5
0 3 . 1 The space station is powered using solar panels.
Suggest one advantage of using this method to generate electricity for the space
station.
[1 mark]
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0 3 . 2 The space station can also be powered using the energy released from the decay of box
radioactive sources.
Table 3 gives information about two radioactive sources that can be used as nuclear
fuel.
Table 3
Radioactive source Symbol Type of radiation emitted
Curium-244 Cm-244 Alpha
Strontium-90 Sr-90 Beta
What is the advantage of using Cm-244 as a power supply on the space station rather
than Sr-90?
Use Table 3.
[2 marks]
Question 3 continues on the next page
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0 3 . 3 Cm-244 decays into plutonium and emits an alpha particle. box
Complete the nuclear equation for the decay of Cm-244.
[2 marks]
0 3 . 4 A mass of 6 kg of Cm-244 is used as a source in a spacecraft for a mission.
The power output of Cm-244 is 200 W/kg.
The efficiency of the system is 8%.
Calculate the useful power output from the Cm-244 source when the spacecraft is first
launched.
[3 marks]
Useful power output = W
0 3 . 5 The mission lasts many years.
Explain why the power output from the source will not remain constant during the
mission.
[2 marks]
10
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0 4 Figure 6 shows the car that broke the world land speed record in 1997. box
Figure 6
0 4 . 1 The car had an efficiency of 20%.
Complete the Sankey diagram to show the overall energy transfers that take place in
the car. Label each energy store.
[3 marks]
Question 4 continues on the next page
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0 4 . 2 The car had a constant acceleration of 15.6 m/s2. box
Calculate the time taken to accelerate from rest to 250 m/s.
Use the Physics equation sheet.
[2 marks]
Time = s
0 4 . 3 The car needed a large volume of fuel to reach high speeds.
The input energy required each second was 6.60 × 108 J.
Each litre of fuel supplied 35.1 MJ of energy.
Calculate the number of litres of fuel needed each second.
[2 marks]
litres per second
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0 4 . 4 The maximum speed the car reached was 1228 km/h. box
Sound travels at 330 m/s.
Determine whether the car travelled faster than the speed of sound.
Your answer should include a calculation.
[2 marks]
Turn over for the next question
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0 5 . 1 A bar magnet has a magnetic field around it. box
Which diagram correctly shows the field pattern around a bar magnet?
Tick one box.
[1 mark]
A B
C D
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0 5 . 2 A student has two steel bars. The student wants to test whether either of the bars is a box
magnet.
Table 4 shows the possible observations when the bars are brought together.
Complete Table 4 with a conclusion and an explanation for each observation.
[4 marks]
Table 4
Observation Conclusion Explanation
Only a magnet can affect a
No effect Neither are magnets
magnetic material
The bars attract
to each other
The bars repel
each other
0 5 . 3 A Maglev train system uses magnets on the train and on the track.
Forces between the magnets lift the Maglev train slightly above the tracks.
Friction is reduced when the train is not touching the track.
Explain the advantages of reducing the friction.
[3 marks]
Question 5 continues on the next page
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0 5 . 4 Forces between magnets move the Maglev train forwards. box
Figure 7 shows the arrangement of the magnets on the track and the train.
The magnets on the train are permanent.
The magnets on the track are electromagnets and are connected to an alternating
current (ac) supply.
Figure 7
Explain why the train accelerates forwards.
Refer to:
• the forces between the magnets
• the reason for connecting the track to an alternating current supply.
[6 marks]
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0 5 . 5 A student claims that Maglev trains do not cause air pollution because they do not box
burn fuel.
Do you agree with the student’s claim?
Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
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0 6 Figure 8 shows a skydiver at the instant she falls from an aeroplane. box
Figure 9 shows the skydiver soon after opening the parachute.
Figure 8 Figure 9
0 6 . 1 Add labelled arrows to Figure 8 and Figure 9 to show the vertical forces acting on the
skydiver.
[2 marks]
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Figure 10 shows how the velocity of the skydiver varies with time as she falls and box
then opens her parachute.
Figure 10
0 6 . 2 Describe the motion of the skydiver at each stage of the fall between A and F.
You should refer to the skydiver’s acceleration and the forces acting on her at each
stage.
[6 marks]
Question 6 continues on the next page
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0 6 . 3 Determine the distance fallen by the skydiver between C and D. box
[3 marks]
Distance = m 11
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0 7 Figure 11 shows a solar still. A solar still is used to purify salt water in areas where box
there is not much fresh water for drinking. Energy from the Sun causes the water to
evaporate. The water vapour then condenses on the dome and flows into the rim of
the solar still.
Figure 11
0 7 . 1 Explain how evaporation and condensation take place in the solar still.
Refer to the water particles in your answer.
[4 marks]
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0 7 . 2 The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.3 × 106 J/kg. box
Calculate the energy required to produce 2.5 kg of fresh water.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
Use the Physics equation sheet.
[2 marks]
Energy = J
0 7 . 3 One disadvantage of this process is that it takes a long time to collect the fresh water.
Suggest two ways to improve the design of the solar still so that it takes less time to
collect the fresh water.
[2 marks]
Turn over for the next question
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0 8 The use of renewable energy sources across the world is increasing. box
Hydroelectric power is a renewable energy source.
Figure 12 shows a hydroelectric power station.
Figure 12
The water falls through a vertical height of 70 m.
As the water falls, energy from the gravitational potential energy store is transferred to
the kinetic energy store of the water.
The output power of the hydroelectric power station is 300 MW.
gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg
0 8 . 1 Calculate the mass of water required every second to provide this power.
Assume that the power station is 100% efficient.
Use the Physics equation sheet.
Give your answer in standard form.
[3 marks]
Mass = kg
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0 8 . 2 Calculate the speed of the water as it reaches the turbine. box
Use the Physics equation sheet.
[3 marks]
Speed = m/s
Question 8 continues on the next page
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0 8 . 3 Figure 13 shows the power generated worldwide by hydroelectric power stations box
between 1980 and 2018.
Figure 13 has been extended to predict the change in power generation until 2038.
Figure 13
Suggest two reasons why this prediction may not be accurate.
[2 marks]
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0 8 . 4 Geothermal sources are another type of renewable energy. box
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal and hydroelectric power
stations.
[6 marks]
14
END OF QUESTIONS
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