Mulund (W)

Year 2024-25

REVISION SHEET

Name of Learner: Grade: ___

8 Div: ___ Date:
Subject: Physics Duration: 30 mins

1 A student designs a container to keep a hot liquid at a high temperature.

The container is shown in the diagram.

liquid

container
made of
cardboard

He finds that the liquid cools too quickly.

Suggest two improvements to the design of the container which reduce the transfer of thermal
energy from the hot liquid to its surroundings.
For each suggestion, state the thermal transfer process that it reduces.

suggestion 1 .............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

thermal transfer process ..........................................................................................................

suggestion 2 .............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

thermal transfer process .......................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

2 A teacher fills a copper can with solid wax and heats the can. She measures the temperature of
the wax every minute. She continues heating once the wax has melted and stops heating when
the wax is boiling.

State the term used for the process that transfers thermal energy through the copper.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

Gr 8_Physics_Revision_Sheet [Total: 1]
 2

3 The diagram shows a cross-section of a flask. The flask is used to keep a liquid hot. The flask has
two glass walls with a vacuum between them. The surfaces of the glass walls are shiny.

plastic cap

double-walled
glass container

hot liquid

vacuum

shiny surfaces

Explain how the vacuum reduces the transfer of thermal energy from the hot liquid.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

4 The diagram shows a cross-section of a flask. The flask is used to keep a liquid hot. The flask has
two glass walls with a vacuum between them. The surfaces of the glass walls are shiny.

plastic cap

double-walled
glass container

hot liquid

vacuum

shiny surfaces

Explain how the shiny surfaces reduce the transfer of thermal energy from the hot liquid.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

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5 An engineer makes a device that absorbs thermal energy from the Sun. The absorbed energy heats
water.

In the device, cold water flows slowly from an upper tank, through a white plastic pipe, to a lower
tank. Energy from the Sun heats the water as it flows, as shown in the diagram.

upper
tank cold water
Sun

white plastic
pipe

lower
tank warm water

(a) State the name of the process that transfers thermal energy from the Sun to the white plastic
pipe.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the name of the process that transfers thermal energy through the plastic wall of the pipe
to the water inside the pipe.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
 4

6 An engineer makes a device that absorbs thermal energy from the Sun. The absorbed energy heats
water.

In the device, cold water flows slowly from an upper tank, through a white plastic pipe, to a lower
tank. Energy from the Sun heats the water as it flows, as shown in the diagram.

upper
tank cold water
Sun

white plastic
pipe

lower
tank warm water

The engineer wants to increase the thermal energy absorbed by the water in the pipe.

Suggest two improvements he can make to increase the thermal energy absorbed.

In each case, explain why the suggestion increases the thermal energy absorbed.

improvement 1 .........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

improvement 2 .........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

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7 The diagram shows a road next to the sea.

On a sunny day, the Sun warms the road.

Describe how energy from the Sun reaches the Earth and warms the road.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

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8 The diagram shows a road next to the sea on a sunny day.

The temperature of the road is greater than the temperature of the sea.

The surface of the road is black.

Suggest one reason why the temperature of the road is greater than that of the sea.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

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9 The diagram shows a road next to the sea.

On a sunny day, the Sun warms the road.

The temperature of the road is greater than the temperature of the sea.

The air above the road is heated by the warm road.

A cyclist travelling along the road notices that a cool breeze is blowing from the sea to the land.

Explain how convection produces this breeze. You may include a diagram if it helps your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

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10 During a picnic on a warm, dry day, a metal can of lemonade is wrapped in a damp cloth.

Evaporation cools the water in the cloth.

As the water in the cloth cools, so does the lemonade.

Explain how electrons transfer thermal energy through the metal of the can.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

11 In some countries, the soil is too cold for plants to grow well. In these countries, plants are grown
in plastic pots and kept inside. The pots, containing soil, are placed on sand. The sand is heated
using an electrical heater, as shown in the diagram.

plant
soil

plastic sand
plant pot

heating element in sand

Describe, in terms of molecules, how thermal energy is transferred from the heated sand through
the base of the plastic pot.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

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12 A student places equal masses of water into two metal cans. The cans are identical apart from one
having a white outer surface and the other having a black outer surface.

The student places the two cans in direct sunlight. The temperature of the water increases in both
cans. After 10 minutes, the temperature increase is greater in one of the cans.

State and explain which can has the greater increase in temperature.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

13 State the name for the transfer of thermal energy through a metal.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 The diagram shows a hot liquid in a vacuum flask. The vacuum flask keeps the temperature of the
liquid in the flask constant for a long time.

Suggest a material for the stopper that will help to keep the liquid hot for longer.

Give a reason for your answer.

material.....................................................................................................................................

reason.......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

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15 A student heats some water in a metal can, as shown in the diagram.

Complete the sentence. Choose a word from the box.

conduction convection radiation

Thermal (heat) energy moves through the metal can by ............................................ .

[1]

[Total: 1]

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16 The diagram shows a metal pan containing water being heated by an electrical heater.

Complete the sentence to describe how thermal energy is transferred.

Thermal energy is transferred from the electrical heater to the bottom of the pan by

......................................................... . [1]

[Total: 1]

17 The diagram shows a metal pan containing water being heated by an electrical heater.

Complete the sentence to describe how thermal energy is transferred.

Thermal energy is transferred throughout the water by .............................................. . [1]

[Total: 1]

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18 The diagram shows a metal pan containing water being heated by an electrical heater.

Complete the sentence to describe how thermal energy is transferred.

Thermal energy is transferred through the bottom of the metal pan by

......................................................... .

[1]

[Total: 1]

19 An oven is in a kitchen that is fitted with a smoke detector.

Warm, moving air can carry smoke particles.

Suggest the best position for the smoke detector in the kitchen.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

20 Some materials are good conductors of thermal energy.

Draw a ring around each material that is a good conductor of thermal energy.

air aluminium copper glass plastic water

[1]

[Total: 1]

21 Some materials are poor conductors of thermal energy (heat energy).

State the term that describes materials that are poor conductors of thermal energy.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

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[Total: 1]

22 The diagram shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

(a) (i) Which of these metals is often used for the liquid in thermometers?
Tick the correct box.

magnesium

mercury

silver

[1]
(ii) The thermometer is placed inside a freezer containing ice.
Suggest the temperature of the ice. Draw an arrow on the diagram.

[1]

(iii) A thermometer is calibrated using two fixed points. State the temperature of the two
fixed points.

lower fixed point = ............................ °C

upper fixed point = ........................... °C [1]

(b) The sentences are about thermal processes. Complete each sentence. Use words from the
box. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

conductor convection emitter insulator radiation reflection

A dull black surface is a good ...................................

Copper is used to make pans because it is a good thermal ......................................

In fluids, thermal energy is transferred mainly by ................................................

Thermal energy reaches Earth from the Sun by means of .......................... [4]

[Total: 7]

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23 A house has white wooden walls and a black wooden door, as shown in the diagram.

The Sun is shining on the door and the front wall of the house.

State the name of the process by which thermal energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

24 The diagram shows a firefighter wearing shiny silver-coloured clothing.

State the benefit to a firefighter of wearing shiny silver-coloured clothing.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

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25 The diagram shows the gap between a hot surface and a cold surface. The gap can contain air,
solid iron, a vacuum or liquid water.

cold

gap

hot

Which row shows whether heat can be transferred between the surfaces by conduction and
convection?

conduction convection

A air (gas) yes no

B iron (solid) yes no
C vacuum no yes
D water (liquid) yes no

[1]

[Total: 1]

26 Four objects, made of the same material and having the same mass, are at the same temperature.
The objects have different surfaces and different surface areas.

Which object emits infra-red radiation at the greatest rate?

surface surface area

A dull large
B dull small
C shiny large
D shiny small

[1]

[Total: 1]

27 The figure shows a piece of apparatus used to show the transfer of thermal energy in liquids.

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crystals coloured water

glass water
tube

heat

The glass tube is filled with cold water. Crystals that dissolve slowly are inserted into the bottom of
the tube. The water around the crystals becomes coloured.

When the glass tube is heated as shown in the figure, the coloured water moves.

(a) On the figure, draw arrows indicating the direction of movement of the water in each section
of the tube. [1]

(b) State the name of this method of thermal energy transfer in the water.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

28 Hot liquid in a vacuum flask cools extremely slowly. This is because some methods of heat
transfer do not take place in a vacuum.

Which methods do not take place in a vacuum?

A conduction and convection only

B conduction and radiation only
C convection and radiation only
D conduction, convection and radiation
[1]

[Total: 1]

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29 Food is kept in a loosely-packed cool-box which uses two ice packs to keep it cool.

Where should the ice packs be placed to keep all the food as cool as possible?

A both at the bottom of the box

B both at the top of the box
C one at the front and one at the back of the box
D one on the left and one on the right of the box
[1]

[Total: 1]

30 The figure shows a domestic hot water system.

to taps
metal
storage
water tank

jacket heater

from
water
supply

The heater is placed at the bottom of the storage tank.

Name the process by which water in contact with the heater becomes hot.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

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31 A student has a beaker of liquid as shown in the figure.

beaker
liquid

The student warms the beaker and liquid on an electric heater as shown in the figure below.

electric
heater

State the name of the process by which thermal energy is transferred through the glass of the
beaker.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

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32 The diagram shows a cooling unit in a refrigerator.

cooling
unit

Why is the cooling unit placed at the top?

A Cold air falls and warm air is displaced upwards.

B Cold air is a bad conductor so heat is not conducted into the refrigerator.
C Cold air is a good conductor so heat is conducted out of the refrigerator.
D Cold air remains at the top and so prevents convection.
[1]

[Total: 1]

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33 The diagram shows a heater used to heat a tank of cold water.

water

lagging

tank

heater

What is the main process by which heat moves through the water?

A conduction
B convection
C evaporation
D radiation
[1]

[Total: 1]

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