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Python Revision Tour

Class 12 Notes | CBSE
Computer Science
2 Comments / Uncategorized / By Sanjay
Kumar

Python Revision Tour Class 12 Notes covers

Python Fundamentals of class 11 including
Variables, Operators, Input and Output, Flow
of control, Expressions, Type Casting, Strings,
List, Tuples, Dictionary. All the concepts are
explained with examples so that students can
build strong foundation in Python
Programming Fundamentals.

Contents [hide]

1 Getting Started with Python

2 Strings
3 List
4 Tuple
5 Dictionary

Getting Started with Python

Python is a General Purpose high level

Programming language used for developing
application softwares.

Features of Python

High Level
Free and Open Source
Case Sensitive
Interpreted
Plateform Independent
Rich library of functions
Dynamic
General Purpose

Working with Python

To write and run python programs we need

Python Interpreter also called Python IDLE.

Execution Mode

We can use Python Interpreter in two ways:

Interactive mode
Script mode

Interactive Mode

Instant execution of individual statement

Convenient for testing single line of code
We cannot save statements for future use

Script Mode

Allows us to write and execute more than

one Instruction together.
We can save programs (python script) for
future use
Python scripts are saved as file with
extension “.py”

How to execute or run python program

Open python IDLE

Click ‘File’ and select ‘New’ to open Script
mode
Type source code and save it
Click on ‘Run’ menu and select ‘Run
Module’

Python Keywords

These are predefined words which a

specific meaning to Python Interpreter.
These are reserve keywords
Keywords in python are case sensitive

Identifier

Identifiers are name used to identify a variable,

function or any other entities in a programs.

Rules for naming Identifier

The name should begin with an alphabet or

and underscore sign and can be followed
by any combination of charaters a-z, A-Z,
0-9 or underscore.
It can be of any length but we should keep
it simple, short and meaningful.
it should not be a python keyword or
reserved word.
We cannot use special symbols like !, @,
#, $, % etc. in identifiers.

Variables

It can be referred as an object or element

that occupies memory space which can
contain a value.
Value of variable can be numeric,
alphanumeric or combination of both.
In python assignment statement is used to
create variable and assign values to it.

Data types

These are keywords which determine the type of

data stored in a variable. Following table show
data types used in python:

Comments

These are statement ignored by python

interpreter during execution.
It is used add a remark or note in the
source code.
It starts with # (hash sign) in python.

Operators

These are special symbols used to perform

specific operation on values. Different types of
operator supported in python are given below:

Arithmetic operator
Relational operator
Assignment operator
Logical operator
Identity operator
Membership operator

Expressions

An expression is combination of different

variables, operators and constant which is
always evaluated to a value.
A value or a standalone variable is also
considered as an expression.

Example

56 + (23-13) + 89%8 – 2*3

Evaluation:

= 56 + (23 -13) + 89%8 – 2*3 #step1

= 56 + 10 + (89%8) – 2*3 #step2
= 56 + 10 + 1 – (2*3) #step3
= (56 + 10) + 1 – 6 #step4
= (66 + 1) – 6 #step5
= 67 – 6 #step6
= 61

Statement

A statement is unit of code that the python

interpreter can execute.

Example:

var1 = var2 #assignment

statement
x = input (“enter a number”) #input statement
print (“total = “, R) #output
statement

How to input values in python?

In python we have input() function for taking user

input.

Syntax:

Input([prompt])

How to display output in python?

In python we have print() function to display

output.

Syntax:

print([message/value])

Example:

Python program to input and output your

name

var = input(“Enter your name”)

print(“Name you have entered is “, var)

Example:

Addition of two numbers

Var1 = int(input(“enter no1”))

Var2 = int(input(“enter no2”))
Total = Var1 + Var2
Print(“Total = “, Total)

Type Conversion

Type conversion refers to converting one type of

data to another type.

Type conversion can happen in two ways:

Explicit conversion
Implicit conversion

Explicit Conversion

Explicit conversion also refers to type

casting.
In explicit conversion, data type conversion
is forced by programmer in program

Syntax:

(new_data_type) = (expression)
Explicit type conversion function

Example:

Program of explicit type conversion from float

to int

x = 12
y=5
print(x/y) #output – 2.4
print(int(x/y)) #output – 2

Program of explicit type conversion from

string to int

x = input(“enter a number”)
print(x+2) #output –
produce error “can only concatenate str to str
x = int(input(Enter a number”))
print(x+2) #output –
will display addition of value of x and 2

Implicit conversion

Implicit conversion is also known as

coercion.
In implicit conversion data type conversion
is done automatically.
Implicit conversion allows conversion from
smaller data type to wider size data type
without any loss of information

Example:

Program to show implicit conversion from int

to float

var1 = 10 #var1 is integer

var2 = 3.4 #var2 is float
res = var1 – var2 #res becomes float
automatically after subtraction
print(res) #output – 6.6
print(type(res)) #output –
class ‘Float’

Strings

String is basically a sequence which is

made up of one or more UNICODE
characters.
Character in string can be any letter, digit,
whitespace or any other symbol.
String can be created by enclosing one or
more characters in single, double or triple
quotes.

Examples:

Accessing characters in a string (INDEX)

Individual character in a string can be

accessed using indexes.
Indexes are unique numbers assigned to
each character in a string to identify them
Index always begins from 0 and written in
square brackets “[]”.
Index must be an zero, positive or negative
integer.
We get IndexError when we give index
value out of the range.

Negative Index

Python allows negative indexing also.

Negative indices are used when you want
to access string in reverse order.
Starting from the right side, the first
character has the index as -1 and the last
character (leftmost) has the index –n
where n is length of string.

Is string immutable?

Yes, string is immutable data type. The

content of string once assigned cannot be
altered than.
Trying to alter string content may lead an
error.

String operations

String supports following operations:

Concatenation
Repetition
Membership
Slicing

Concatenation

Concatenation refers to joining two

strings.
Plus (‘+’) is used as concatenation
operator.

Repetition

Repetition as it name implies repeat the

given string.
Asterisk (‘*’) is used as repetition operator.

Membership

Membership operation refers to checking a

string or character is part or subpart of an
existing string or not.
Python uses ‘in’ and ‘not in’ as membership
operator.
‘in’ returns true if the first string or
character appears as substring in the
second string.
‘not in’ returns true if the first string or
character does not appears as substring in
the second string.

Slicing

Extracting a specific part of string or

substring is called slicing
Subset occurred after slicing contains
contiguous elements
Slicing is done using index range like
string[start_index : end_index : step_value]
End index is always excluded in resultant
substring.
Negative index can also be used for slicing.

Traversing a String

Traversing a string refers to accessing each

character of a given string sequentially.
For or while loop is used for traversing a
string

String Functions

List

List is built in sequence data type in

python.
Stores multiple values
List item can be of different data types
All the items are comma separated and
enclosed in square bracket.
Individual item in a list can be accessed
using index which begins from 0.

Examples

Accessing elements in a List

Individual item in a list can be accessed

using indexes.
Indexes are unique numbers assigned to
each item in a list to identify them
Index always begins from 0 and written in
square brackets “[]”.

Example:

List is Mutable

Yes list is mutable.

Content of the list can be changed after it
has been created.

List operations

List supports following operations:

Concatenation
Repetition
Membership
Slicing

Concatenation

Concatenation refers to joining two List.

Plus (‘+’) is used as concatenation
operator.
Concatenating List with other data type
produces TypeErrors.

Example:

Repetition

Repetition as it name implies used to

replicate a list at specified no of times.
Asterisk (‘*’) is used as repetition operator.

Membership

Membership operation refers to checking

an item is exists in the list or not.
Python uses ‘in’ and ‘not in’ as membership
operator.
‘in’ returns true if the item specified
present in the list.
‘not in’ returns true if the item specified
present in the list.

Example:

Slicing

Extracting a subset of items from given list

is called slicing
Subset occurred after slicing contains
contiguous items.
Slicing is done using index range like
List[start_index : end_index : step_value]
End index is always excluded in resultant
subset of list.
Negative index can also be used for slicing.

Examples:

Traversing a List

Traversing a List refers to accessing each

item a given list sequentially.
for or while loop can be used for traversing
a list.

Examples:

List methods | List Functions

Nested List

One list appears as an element inside another list.

Example:

Tuple

Tuple is built in sequence data type in

python.
Stores multiple values
Tuple item can be of different data types
All the items are comma separated and
enclosed in parenthesis ‘()’.
Individual item in a Tuple can be accessed
using index which begins from 0.
In case of single item present in tuple, it
should also be followed by a comma.
A sequence without parenthesis is treated
as tuple by default.

Examples

Accessing elements in a Tuple

Individual item in a Tuple can be accessed

using indexes.
Indexes are unique numbers assigned to
each item in a Tuple to identify them
Index always begins from 0 and written in
square brackets “[]”.

Example:

Tuple is Immutable

Yes Tuple is Immutable.

Content of the Tuple cannot be changed
after it has been created.

Example:

Tuple operations

Tuple supports following operations:

Concatenation
Repetition
Membership
Slicing

Concatenation

Concatenation refers to joining two Tuple.

Plus (‘+’) is used as concatenation
operator.
Concatenation operator can also be used
for extending an existing tuple.

Example:

Repetition

Repetition as it name implies used to

repeat elements of a Tuple at specified no
of times.
Asterisk (‘*’) is used as repetition operator.

Membership

Membership operation refers to checking

an item exists in Tuple or not.
Python uses ‘in’ and ‘not in’ as membership
operator.
‘in’ returns true if the item specified
present in the Tuple.
‘not in’ returns true if the item specified
present in the Tuple.

Example:

Slicing

Extracting a subset of items from given

Tuple is called slicing
Subset occurred after slicing contains
contiguous items.
Slicing is done using index range like
Tuple[start_index : end_index : step_value]
End index is always excluded in resultant
subset of Tuple.
Negative index can also be used for slicing.

Examples:

Traversing a Tuple

Traversing a Tuple refers to accessing each

item a given Tuple sequentially.
for or while loop can be used for traversing
a Tuple.

Examples:

Tuple Methods and Built in Functions

Nested Tuple

One Tuple appears as an element inside another

Tuple.

Example:

Tuple Assignment

Tuple Assignment allows elements of tuple on the

left side of assignment operator to be assigned
respective values from a tuple on the right side.

Dictionary

Dictionaries are unordered collection of

items falls under mapping.
Stores data in form of key:value pair called
item.
Key is separated from its value by colon ‘:’
and items are separated by comma.
All items of dictionaries are enclosed in
curly bracket ‘{}’.
The keys in the dictionary must be unique
and should be of immutable data type.
The value can be repeated and of any data
type.

Creating a Dictionary

Accessing items in a Dictionary

Items of dictionary are accessed using

keys.
Each key of dictionary serve as index and
maps to a value.
If key is not present in dictionary, then we
get KeyError.

Examples

Dictionary is Mutable

Yes, Dictionary is Mutable as its content can be

changed after it has been created.

Adding a new item in Dictionary

Modifying an existing Item in Dictionary

Traversing a dictionary

Dictionary methods and built in functions

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Leave a Comment / Uncategorized / By Sanjay
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2 thoughts on “Python Revision Tour

Class 12 Notes | CBSE Computer
Science”

SWAGATA BANERJEE
MARCH 21, 2023 AT 1:02 AM

Sir, how can I get the pdf form of your notes

Reply

AARUSHI SINGH
APRIL 19, 2024 AT 12:08 AM

Fun stuff, thanks! :))

19 April 2024,
Friday,
5:37 A.M. :))

Reply

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