Cambridge Global English 9

Review Use of English

Unit 6

Name:………………………………. Class:……… Date:………………….

Worksheet 1
Verbs in the passive followed by the infinitve
A. Get to know

1. To talk about rules, you can use the passive form of verbs such as allow, encourage,
expect and suppose followed by to + infinitive.

Example: We’re not allowed to wear earphones. (The school doesn’t allow us to do this.)

At lunch, we’re expected to serve the food and drinks for each other. (The school
expects us to.)

2. To talk about things that need to be done, you can use the passive infinitive, which is
formed with be + a past participle.

Example: Su was very busy, with piles of homework to be done and new vocabulary to be
learned.

B. Practice
1. Read the dialogue about school rules. Choose the correct verb from the box. There
are two verbs you do not need to use.
to arrive to ask (x2) to behave to do to go to interrupt
to sit to stay to talk to use to wear

Daisy: Tell me about the rules in your school, Marco.

………..
Marco: Well for one thing, we are expected (1) to arrive at 7.50. On the school bus
and we’re expected (2) …………………………… well – we have to sit
down, in silence…

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 Daisy: What do you do when you get to school?
Marco: When we arrive, we have to wait outside for the teacher. We aren’t allowed
(3) …………………………… inside on our own.
Daisy: I see. What about during the class?
Marco: We’re expected (4) …………………………… down properly at our desks
and listen to the teacher. Another rule is that we’re not allowed (5)
…………………………… the teachers while they are speaking.
Daisy: Are you allowed (6) …………………………… the teacher questions?
Marco: Yes, we are encouraged (7) …………………………… questions.
Daisy: Are you expected (8) …………………………… a uniform?
Marco: No, we wear what they want. Tell me more about the rules in your school,
Daisy.
Daisy: We’re not allowed (9) …………………………… mobile phones at school.
If you break
the rules, you’re expected (10) …………………………… litter duty as a
punishment.

2. Finish the sentences.

a There are lots of dates to be learned if you want to get a good mark in history tests.
b There are lots of formulae to be learned for ………………………………...........
c There are lots of place names to be learned ………………………………………
d There are lots of grammar rules to be learned ……………………………………

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 Worksheet 2
Reported questions and statements
A. Get to know

Direct speech Reported speech

Questions
1 yes/no ‘Can I stay up late?’ Mira asked. Mira asked if / whether she could
questions stay up late.
2 Wh- ‘Whose house are you going to on Raheem’s dad asked Raheem whose
questions Saturday?’ asked Raheem’s dad. house he was going to on Saturday.

Statements ‘I want to watch the football Yasmin said she wanted to watch the
1 say match,’ Yasmin said. football match.
2 tell Tell is followed by me, you, him,
her, us, them or a name. Alisha’s mum told her that she could
‘You can go to the party.’ (Alisha’s go to the party.
mum)
Commands Mum said, ‘Clean the kitchen Alisha’s mum told her to clean the
afterwards!’ kitchen afterwards.

B. Practice
1. Choose the correct options to report the questions.
a (Ronit to Sam) ‘Can we make a cake?’ Ronit asked / told Sam if he had / could make a
cake
b (Me to them) ‘Are you going out?’ I asked them / they if / when they were going
out.
c (Me to Lin) ‘Lin, when can I borrow your I asked / said Lin when I could borrow her /
book your book
d (They to me) ‘Is it raining?’ They told / asked me when / whether it was
raining.
e (She to Su) ‘Where’s the party?’ She asked / said Su where / whether the party
was.

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2. Statements and commands:
Rewrite what the people said in reported speech. Which are statements and which are
commands? Write S next to the statements and C next to the commands.
a ‘You can have a cake, Adya’ said Prisha.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b Cal said to his dad: ‘We’re going now.’
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c Bao’s dad said to Bao: ‘Take an umbrella.’
…………………………………..…………………………………………………………
d ‘We’ll be back at 4 o’clock,’ they said.
………………...……………………………………………………………………………
e ‘Don’t be late!’ Dawud told me.
……………….……………………………………………………………………………
f ‘We are leaving at 8 a.m.,’ she said.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Worksheet 3
Third conditional
A. Get to know
1. Structure
We use the third conditional to talk about imagined situations in the past - things that did
not happen.
Clause 1 Clause 2
if + past perfect would have + past participle
could have
might have
If someone had lost the money, they would have gone back to look for it. (But we don't
know that happened - the situation is imaginary.)
You can reverse the order of the clauses:
- If you had been in my position, what would you have done?
- What would you have done if you'd been in my position?
We use if only with the past perfect to talk about something you wish you had done.
Clause 2
would have + past
Clause 1 could have participle
if only + past perfect might have
If only I had told a teacher about the problem with the other girls, the teacher would have
sorted it out.
2. Common Error
Is the verb form correct for past unreal conditional?
had not introduced would have died
If Jonas Salk did not introduce a vaccine for polio in 1955, millions of people had died of
the disease.
Remember: For past unreal conditional, use past perfect in the if-clause. Use would /
could / might + have + past participle in the main clause.

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B. Practice
1. Complete the sentences to express the past unreal conditional. Fill in the blanks
with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. If Henry Ford ..................................................................... (not invent) an inexpensive
mass production technique in the 1920s, only rich people .....................................................
(be able) to afford cars.
2. More than 500 people died when the ship RMS Titanic hit an iceberg and sank on April
15, 1912. The Titanic had lifeboats for only 706 people. If the Titanic ..................................
.................................. (had) enough lifeboats, hundreds more people probably
................................................................. (survive).
3. If Isaac Newton .................................................................... (not see) an apple fall
straight down from a tree, the scientist ..................................................... (might not form)
his theory of gravity.
4. Typhoid is transmitted from person to person. At the beginning of the 20th century, many
deaths from the disease .......................................................................... (could be prevent)
if people ........................................................................ (understand) the importance of
washing their hands.
5. In the 1984 Olympic Games, American runner Mary Decker ............................................
(might win) the 3,000-meter race if she ..................................................................... (not
collide) with another runner, Great Britain's Zola Budd.
6. If they ............................................................................ (live) on the same continent, an
Egyptian pharaoh ................................................................. (could see) a woolly
mammoth. The last mammoths died out about 4,000 years ago, when the pharaohs still
ruled.
7. If Brazil ................................................................ (be) colonized by the Spanish instead
of the Portuguese, the national language ................................................................ (be)
Spanish, like the rest of South America.
8. If the Normans ................................................................ (not conquer) England in 1066,
the French language ............................................................... (not have) a major influence
on English.

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 Worksheet 4
Past continuous
A. Get to know
The past progressive is used less commonly in writing. It expresses an action in progress
in the past. It is used:
1. to show an action in progress that was
interrupted by an action in the simple past pilot was landing

tire blew out

Past Now Future
One of the front tires blew out while the
pilot was landing the plane.
2. to provide background information in a As President Kennedy stepped off the
narrative plane in Dallas, people were cheering and
clapping
3. to show an action in progress at a At 10:30, the crowd was gathering
specific time in the past outside the town hall.
Notes:
1. Clauses in the past progressive often begin with as, while, or when.
2. With a series of verbs in the past progressive, it is not necessary to repeat was or were.
Audience members were taking notes, texting, and surfing the Internet.
4. Common Error
4.1. Is the past progressive form correct?
living
He was live in Washington, D.C., when he decided to run for political office.
In the early 1960s, politicians were worked to pass civil rights legislation.
working
Remember: Use was / were + verb + -ing with the past progressive.
4.2. Do you need simple past or past progressive?
were crossing sank
The soldiers crossed the Potomac in a storm when their boats were sinking.

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 were waiting
At 6:30 a.m, hundreds of voters waited in line at the election polling stations.
saw
Upon their arrival in the colonies, the English settlers were seeing Native Americans for
the first time.
Remember: • Use simple past for a completed action or action that interrupts another
action already in progress.
• Use past progressive for actions that were in progress at a specific time in
the past.
• Nonaction verbs (verbs that describe a state) are usually not in the past
progressive form.

B. Practice
1. There is one incorrect past progressive verb form in each sentence. Underline and
correct the error.
1. A majority of the young voters, those between the ages of 18 and 24, did not support the
local candidate who was run for the office of state senator.
2. Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 was fly from Malaysia to China when it disappeared.
3. Only 31 percent of the citizens said the new insurance rules were work well.
4. When Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993, some people
thought that the two countries were not do the correct thing.
5. In the 1997 car accident that killed Princess Diana, the driver was possibly drive more
than 100 miles per hour.
6. The study focused on 86 Spanish speakers and 92 Arabic speakers who were attend an
English language program in Orange County, California.
7. In the survey, citizens indicated that local traffic was become a problem for the
community because of all the tourists who were visiting the area.
8. Because the cost of tuition was increase, many students decided to study part time.

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2. In each paragraph, fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses. More than one answer may be possible.
1. During the early 1900s, jazz first ............................................... (appear) in New Orleans.
From there, it ....................................................... (spread) to other parts of the country.
Soon musicians ............................................................ (play) jazz music in clubs and
............................................ (make) records in Chicago, New York, and beyond.
2. In 1889, a flood in Johnstown, Pennsylvania,........................................................... (kill)
more than 2,000 people. Because of very heavy rain over several days, the South Fork dam
above the town ........................................................... (break), and water flowed quickly
toward the town. People in Johntown who .......................................................................
(not, receive) the news about the dangerous flooding or who ................................................
(think) there would be minimal flooding were lost in the powerful flood waters.
................................................................................................................................................
3. Several factors ........................................................... (contribute) to the formation of the
Grand Canyon, one of which was water. When it ...........................................................
(rain), the soil was unable to absorb all of the water. As a result, the rain ...........................
........................................ (flow) down the Colorado River and ...........................................
(take) soil and rocks with it. This often ........................................................... (cause)
powerful floods that ........................................................... (move) huge rocks and boulders
into the river. As the floods ........................................................... (push) rocks and boulders
down the river, the movement ........................................................... (eat) away the land
beside the river. This ........................................................... (allow) the river to cut through
the rock and (form) ........................................................... the canyon.

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 Answers
Worksheet 1
1.
(1) to arrive (2) to behave
(3) to go (4) to sit
(5) to interrupt
(6) to ask (7) to ask questions.
(8) to wear a uniform?
(9) to use (10) to do
2 a 3, b 2, c 4, d 1

Worksheet 2
1 a Ronit asked Sam if he could make a cake.
b I asked them if they were going out.
c I asked Lin when I could borrow her book.
d They asked me whether it was raining.
e She asked Su where the party was.

2. a Prisha said Adya could have a cake. (statement)

b Cal told his dad they were going. (statement)
c Bao’s dad told him to take an umbrella. (command)
d They said they would be back at 4 o’clock. (statement)
e Dawud told me not to be late. (command)
f She said that they were leaving at 8 a.m. (statement)

3 a Your data will be collected by your future home.

b Music will be played by your smart pillow.
c The cleaning will be done by a robotic arm.
d Your shopping will be ordered by your home.
e You will be told by your fridge if you eat badly.

Worksheet 3
1.
1. had not invented; would have been able
2. had had; would have survived

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3. had not seen; might not have formed
4. could have been prevented; had understood
5. might have won; had not collided
6. had lived; could have seen
7. had been; would have been
8. had not conquered; would not have had

Worksheet 4
1.
1. A majority of the young voters, those between the ages of 18 and 24, did not support the
local candidate who was run running for the office of state senator.
2. Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 was fly flying from Malaysia to China when it
disappeared.
3. According to a national poll, only 31 percent of the citizens said the new insurance rules
were work working well.
4. When Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993, some people
thought that the two countries were not do doing the correct thing.
5. In the 1997 car accident that killed Princess Diana, the driver was possibly drive driving
more than 100 miles per hour.
6. The study focused on 86 Spanish speakers and 92 Arabic speakers who were attend
attending an English language program in Orange County, California.
7. In the survey, citizens indicated that local traffic was become becoming a problem for
the community because of all the tourists who were visiting the area.
8. Because the cost of tuition was increase increasing, many students decided to study part
time.
2.
1. appeared; spread; were playing; making
2. killed; broke; did not receive; thought
3. contributed; rained; flowed; took; caused; moved; were pushing or pushed; ate;
allowed; formed

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