Mass transfer
Coefficient
Name: Aranyaa Pattnaik
Enroll No. : BT22CME028
Mass transfer may occur in a gas mixture, a liquid solution or solid. The
basic mechanisms are the same whether the phase is a gas, liquid, or
solid. The transfer of mass within a fluid mixture or across a phase
boundary is a process that plays a major role in many industrial process.
the mass transfer coefficient is a diffusion rate constant that relates the
mass transfer rate, mass transfer area, and concentration change as
driving force
Mass transfer coefficients can be estimated from many different
theoretical equations, correlations, and analogies that are functions of
material properties, intensive properties and flow regime (laminar or
turbulent flow). Selection of the most applicable model is dependent on
the materials and the system, or environment
MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT UNIT
(mol/s)/(m2.mol/m3) = m/s
the units will vary based upon which units the driving force is expressed in
For example, the driving force may be partial pressures when dealing with mass transfer in a gas phase and thus use units
of pressure
The inverse of mass transfer coefficient is the measure of mass transfer resistance
. If the mass transfer coefficient is expressed as ratio of local flux to the local driving force
There are 3 types of multistage
then it is called as local mass transfer coefficient
leaching operations
TYPES OF MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTdifferent types of mass transfer coefficients
.
can be defined depending upon
A. Whether mass transfer occurs in liquid phase or gas phase
B. Choice of driving force
C. Whether it is a case of diffusion of A through non-diffusing B or equimolar counter current
diffusion or countercurrent diffusion
. A few choices of driving force can be
Difference in concentration
Difference in partial pressure
Difference in molar fraction
AIM-
To determine the mass transfer coefficient for dissolution of
benzoic acid without or with chemical reaction
A. Solid-liquid mass transfer plays an important role in some
industrial operations.The dissolution may occur with or
without chemical reaction.In case dissolution is
accompanied by solid-liquid reaction ,it is desirable to know
the enhancement in the rate of mass transfer due to
simultaneous reaction and compare it with the enhancement
predicted on the basis of the film and the boundary layer
models.Here the system under study is dissolution of
benzoic acid in aqueous NaOH solution
Convective mass
transfer
3) Cross Current
. There are several theories concerning the physical mechanism of convective mass transfer at a phase boundary.
. These theories aim to determine the expressions for the mass transfer coefficients theoretically.
. The most commonly used theories are:
A. Film theory (Film model)
B. Penetration theory
C. Surface renewal theory
D. Boundary layer theory
Film theory
Assumes that mass transfer is steady in a thin, stagnant film
The film is a region where molecules pass through the interface without resistance, but must cross the film to diffuse
into the bulk fluid
The two-film theory is a model for mass transfer between phases that uses film theory
Penetration theory
Higbie’s Penetration theory assumes that each liquid element at the gas interface is exposed to the gas for a short time. In
the absorption of gases from bubbles or absorption by wetted-wall columns, the mass transfer surface is formed
spontaneously and diffusion of the material takes place. The basic assumption of penetration theory are:
Once the gas and the liquid are in contact then the mass transfer from the gas into a liquid element occurs under
unsteady-state conditions.
Each of the liquid elements stays in contact with the gas for the same period.
Equilibrium exists at the gas-liquid interface.
The penetration theory expresses the liquid–side mass transfer coefficient (Θ) in terms of contact time and the molecular
diffusivity of the gas in the liquid.
kL = 2(DAB / πΘ)0.5
Surface renewal theory
At any moment, each of the liquid elements at the interface has the same probability of being substituted by a fresh
element.
Liquid elements at the interface are being randomly swapped by fresh elements from the bulk.
Mass transfer from the gas into the liquid element during its stay at the interface takes place under unsteady-state
conditions. Hence, instead of using a constant contact time (Θ), the differential liquid volume at the gas-liquid interface
is renewed due to the turbulence around the interface, referred to as the surface renewal frequency (s).
kL = (DABs )0.5
Boundary layer theory
Describes the thin layer of fluid that forms near a boundary surface
The fluid molecules next to the boundary surface stick to it
CONCLUSIO
N
Mass transfer coefficients are used to simplify the calculations.
They are determined separately for gas and liquid phases.
They can be expressed in terms of concentrations, mole fractions or partial pressures (for
gases).
There are several theories which aim to determine the mass transfer coefficients
theoretically.
APPLICATION
Separation process equipment
S
Mass transfer coefficients are used to design and manufacture equipment that can separate fluids or solids.
Chemical spills
Mass transfer coefficients can be used to estimate what will happen in real-life situations, such as chemical spills.
Bioreactor design
Mass transfer coefficients are used to determine the oxygen transfer rate in bioreactors. This helps to maintain adequate oxygen levels and scale up bioreactors from laborato
to production scale.
Environmental engineering
Mass transfer coefficients are used to determine particle-diffusion coefficients.
THANK YOU
