e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com

KINETIC FOOTFALL ENERGY HARVESTIN PAVEMENT USING

PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
Omkar. S. Saste*1, Abhishek. A. Shinde*2, Vinayak. S. Jadhav*3, Yuvraj. S. Patil*4,
Makarand. M. Chavhan*5, Tushar .S. Gahyake*6, Rafat. R. Shaikh*7
*1,2,3,4,5,6Student Of Diploma In Civil Engineering , Navsahyadri Group Of Institutions (Polytechnic)
Pune, India.
*7Prof., Civil Navsahyadri Group Of Institutions (Polytechnic) Pune, India.
ABSTRACT
The report talks about a new way to make clean energy called kinetic footfall energy harvesting. Basically, it
captures the energy when people walk and turns it into electricity. This is really important because the world
needs more electricity, especially in busy cities where lots of people live. Instead of using dirty fuels like coal or
oil, this method uses the energy from footsteps, which is much cleaner and better for the urban environment. It
works by using special tiles made with something called piezoelectric materials. These tiles are put in places
where many people walk, like sidewalks, airports, and train stations. When someone steps on these tiles, they
make a little bit of electricity. But there are still some problems to solve. We need to figure out how to make this
method work even better, so we can get more electricity from each step. Also, we need to make sure it's not too
expensive and that it's practical to put these tiles everywhere. Despite these challenges, the report thinks that
this technology has a bright future and can help make cities cleaner and more sustainable.
Keywords: Kinetic Footfall Energy Harvesting, Sustainable Energy, Electricity Generation, Piezoelectric
Materials, Urban Environments, Clean Energy.
I. INTRODUCTION
To finding better ways to make electricity in India because a lot of businesses there use a big chunk of energy.
They want to use cleaner and more efficient methods since they need more electricity every year. India has
already started using more renewable energy like solar and wind power, but they're still looking for new ideas.
One idea is to use something called kinetic footfall energy generation, which can be really effective. This method
captures the energy from people walking using special tiles, and it's important because it helps fight climate
change. India has big goals for using more renewable energy, but they need to make sure these new methods
are not just good for the environment but also make financial sense. They're using a technology called
piezoelectric energy harvesting, which turns the energy from footsteps into electricity using special materials.
These materials are really good at making electricity when they're squeezed or pressed. Scientists have been
working on this technology for a while, and it's getting better. They hope it can be used in busy places like
sidewalks and roads to generate electricity. This paper will study how to design and build these special tiles to
make sure they work well in the real world.
II. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1. Generate sustainable energy from footsteps:
Convert the mechanical energy produced by people walking into electrical power, creating a renewable energy
source.
2. Power devices like lights and sensors:
Use the harvested electricity to operate low-energy devices such as streetlights, sensors, or small electronics,
reducing reliance on traditional power sources.
3. Improve urban infrastructure:
Integrate the technology into pavements and floors to enhance urban infrastructure with features like
illuminated walkways or data collection sensors.

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Technology and Science
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
4. Encourage physical activity:
Raise awareness about the value of human movement in generating renewable energy, potentially motivating
people to walk more and lead healthier lifestyles.
5. Provide economic benefits:
Save costs for municipalities and businesses by generating electricity from foot traffic, while also
stimulating innovation in renewable energy technologies
III. ADVANTAGES AND DISSADVANTAGES OF KINETIC FOOTFALL
 ADVANTAGES:
1. Renewable Energy: It uses people's footsteps to create electricity, reducing the need for non-renewable
energy sources.
2. Sustainable: It makes use of existing pathways, which is good for the environment and doesn't require
building new structures.
3. Low Maintenance: Once installed, it doesn't need much upkeep, saving money in the long run.
4. Eco-Friendly Urban Development: It helps cities become greener by generating clean energy from everyday
activities like walking.
5. Raises Awareness: It shows people how small actions can contribute to sustainability.
 DISADVANTAGES:
1. Efficiency Fluctuations: The amount of electricity generated can vary depending on how many people are
walking and how fast they're walking.
2. High Initial Costs: Installing the technology can be expensive because it involves special materials and
modifications to existing infrastructure.
3. Maintenance Challenges: The materials used might wear out over time and need to be replaced to keep
working well.
4. Aesthetic Considerations: Making it look good while still being functional can be tricky, especially in
established urban areas.
5. Reliance on Foot Traffic: It only works well where there's a lot of pedestrian activity, so it might not be
reliable in quieter areas.
IV. STUDY AREA
Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park, Katraj,
Pune

Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park is a big zoo in Pune, India, where lots of people go to see animals. It's a busy place,
especially at the entrance where many visitors come in. We want to study if it's a good idea to put special tiles
on the ground that can make electricity when people walk on them. These tiles can be a cool way to make
power from people walking. By studying the zoo's entrance, we can see if these tiles work well and if they're
durable enough. Also, it's a great opportunity to teach people about renewable energy and taking care of the
environment. Working together with the zoo and others, we can learn a lot about these tiles and how they can
help in places where lots of people walk.

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Technology and Science
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
V. THE METHODOLOGY FOR PLACEMENT OF KINETIC FOOTFALL IN RAJIV GANDHI
ZOOLOGICAL PARK, KATRAJ, PUNE
1. DATA COLLECTION
For collection of data in Katraj Snake park, we make a simple plan. Observers will manually count visitors at
location point A, B, and C in three time frames slots on weekdays and weekends. They’ll use tally counters to
keep record, along with clipboards, paper and pens for recording. To ensure accuracy, they will note the time
using stop watch or watch. Phones are use to maintain communication between observers. Data collection
forms are used to record all information systematically. This approach ensure that the footfall data is collected
accurately and consistently, Park management uses a sheet to track data for two weeks, like visitor numbers
and weather, to spot trends and make better decisions about managing the park.
 Data collection sheet
Date Day Time Entry Point Visitor Count
01/01/2024 Monday 11:00 A
01/01/2024 Monday 11:00 B
01/01/2024 Monday 11:00 C
01/01/2024 Monday 1:00 A
01/01/2024 Monday 1:00 B
01/01/2024 Monday 1:00 C
01/01/2024 Monday 3:00 A
01/01/2024 Monday 3:00 B
01/01/2024 Monday 3:00 C
…. …. …. …. ….
2. SITE ANALYSIS
In analyzing the site for installing kinetic footfall sensors at Katraj Snake Park, three key locations were
identified: the ticket counter (entry point A), the main entrance gate (entry point B), and the exit gate (entry
point C). Observations of visitor flow revealed that visitors enter through these points, explore the park
attractions, and exit through the same or other designated exits. The footfall data presented shows visitor
counts at each entry point during different time slots on various dates. To calculate the average weekday
visitors, the total counts from Monday to Thursday were added up and divided by 4, resulting in an average of
3010 visitors. For weekends, the total counts from Friday to Sunday were summed and divided by 2, yielding an
average of 4960 visitors. These averages provide insights into visitor patterns, helping park management make
informed decisions about resource allocation and park operations.
3. DESIGN OF KINETIC FOOTFALL
The design of the kinetic footfall system involves several key components and an electrical circuit. Firstly,
piezoelectric sensors, which generate electrical energy when pressure is applied, are embedded in the ground.
When someone steps on these sensors, they produce electricity. This electricity flows through a diode, ensuring
it moves in one direction, and a switch is inserted between the sensor and the diode to control the flow of
energy. The diode's output is then connected to a resistor, regulating the current, and an LED bulb, which lights
up when electricity passes through it. The LED bulb and resistor are connected in series, and the circuit is
completed by connecting the other end to the positive terminal of a battery, which stores the generated energy.
This setup allows for the efficient conversion and utilization of the energy generated by foot traffic, powering
various applications within the park.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com

4. MODEL MAKING
To create the model for the kinetic footfall system, begin by acquiring a large, sturdy metal sheet as the base to
ensure stability and flatness. Next, affix four piezoelectric sensors evenly onto the sheet, connecting them in
parallel to maximize voltage output. Attach LED indicators near each sensor to visually indicate when electricity
is generated, ensuring they are securely fastened. Then, use concrete to form small pathways resembling
sidewalks on the sheet, connecting the sensors with these paths. Use wires to connect a multimeter to the
sensors, allowing for measurement of the generated electricity. Position small batteries near the edge of the
sheet to simulate energy storage, connecting them to the sensors with wires. Finally, conduct a test by applying
pressure to the pedestrian pathways and observe how the LED lights illuminate in response to the generated
energy, confirming the functionality of the model.
5. CONSTRUCTION OF KINETIC FOOTFALL
To set up the kinetic footfall system at Katraj Snake Park, first, plan and survey where to install the special tiles
that generate electricity when stepped on. Then, dig the ground to make space for these tiles and make sure the
area underneath is stable. After that, place the tiles carefully into the ground, making sure they're aligned
properly. Connect these tiles together using wires so they can work together to produce more electricity. Once
the tiles are in place, fill the area around them with soil or gravel and pack it down to make everything sturdy.
Next, test the system to make sure it's working properly, checking how much electricity it generates when
people walk over the tiles. Finally, keep an eye on the system over time, making any necessary fixes to keep it
working well.
6. MAINTENANCE OF KINETIC FOOTFALL
1. Regular inspections: Check tiles and wiring for damage.
2. Cleaning: Keep tiles free from debris.
3. Repair and replacement: Fix or replace damaged components promptly.
4. Calibration: Periodically adjust for accurate energy measurement.
5. Environmental protection: Shield system from weather and damage.
6. Monitoring: Keep track of performance regularly.
VI. CALCULATIONS
 Calculation of energy harvesting
A). Entry gate 1 (ticket counter)
 Path length: 1m*5m
 Visitors: 300 per hour
 Electricity is generated from 1 step: 0.20 volts.
1. Total no. of steps per hour –
 Path area = 1m*5m = 5 m^2
 The average area covered by visitors by one step is 0.3 m.
 Average step per square meter = 3
 Total steps = average step per square meter*visitors per hour*path area
= 3*300*5
= 4500 steps\hour
2. Total energy generate per hour –
 Energy generates per step = 20 volts

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
 Total energy generated per hour = total step*energy per step
= 4500*0.20
= 900 volts\hour
3. Finding current- V \ R
= 0.20 \0.01
= 20 Amps
3. Convert energy to watt –
 Power in watt = I*V
= 20*900
= 18000
watts Where:
I = current in amps
V = power in watt
P = power in watt
B). Entry gate 2 (entry point)
 Path length: 2m*3m
 Visitors: 300 per hour
 Electricity is generated from 1 step: 0.20 volts.
1. Total no. of steps per hour –
 Path area = 2m*3m = 6 m^2
 The average area covered by visitors by one step is 0.3 m.
 Average step per square meter = 3
 Total steps = average step per square meter*visitors per hour*path area
= 3*300*6
= 5400 steps\hour
2. Total energy generate per hour –
 Energy generates per step = 0.20 volts
 Total energy generated per hour = total step*energy per step
= 5400*0.20
= 1080 volts\hour
3. Finding current- V \ R
= 0.20 \ 0.01
= 20 Amps
3. Convert energy to watt –
 Power in watt = I*V
= 20*1080
= 21,600
watts Where:
I = current in amps
V = power in watt
P = power in watt
C). Entry gate 3 (exit point)
 Path length: 2m*3m
 Visitors: 300 per hour
 Electricity is generated from 1 step: 20 volts.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
1. Total no. of steps per hour –
 Path area = 2m*3m = 6 m^2
 The average area covered by visitors by one step is 0.3 m.
 Average step per square meter = 3
 Total steps = average step per square meter*visitors per hour*path area
= 3*300*6
= 5400 steps\hour
2. Total energy generate per hour –
 Energy generates per step = 0.20 volts
 Total energy generated per hour = total step*energy per step
= 5400*0.20
= 1080 volts\hour
3. Finding current- V \ R
= 0.20 \ 0.01
= 20 Amps
3. Convert energy to watt –
 Power in watt = I*V
= 20*1080
= 21,600
watts Where:
I = current in amps
V = power in watt
P = power in watt
THUS.
Total energy generates per hour = 18000 + 21600 + 21600
= 61,200 watts
VII. RESULT
The report discusses a new method called kinetic footfall energy harvesting, which captures the energy from
people walking and converts it into electricity. This is important because it helps generate clean energy without
harming the environment, especially in busy cities where lots of people live. Special tiles made with
piezoelectric materials are used to capture the energy from footsteps, and these tiles can be placed in places
like sidewalks, airports, and train stations. Despite some challenges like making the technology more efficient
and cost-effective, the report believes that it has a bright future and can help make cities cleaner and more
sustainable. At Katraj Snake Park in Pune, India, the project aims to install these tiles at the entrance to
generate electricity from foot traffic, contributing to renewable energy efforts. Through data collection, site
analysis, design, and construction, the project seeks to harness footfall energy effectively and promote
environmental awareness.
VIII. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the project to harness energy from people walking, known as kinetic footfall energy harvesting,
shows great promise for generating clean electricity. By using special tiles placed in busy areas like the
entrance of Katraj Snake Park, we can capture the energy from footsteps and contribute to renewable energy
efforts. While there are challenges to overcome, such as making the technology more efficient and cost-
effective, the project demonstrates the potential for innovative solutions to address environmental
sustainability. With continued research and collaboration, kinetic footfall energy harvesting could play a
significant role in creating cleaner and more sustainable cities for the future.

www.irjmets @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering,

Technology and Science
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
IX. REFERENCES
[1] Elham Maghsoudi Nia et al 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 291 01202
[2] Andriopoulou, S., A review on energy harvesting from roads. 2012
[3] Evans, J. 2015. Energy Harvesting Through the Piezoelectric Effect at Sports Venues. Arcata, California,
USA: The Faculty of Humboldt State University, Humboldt State University.
[4] Guo, L., and Q. Lu. 2017. “Potentials of Piezoelectric and Thermoelectric Technologies for Harvesting
Energy from Pavements.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72: 761–73,
[5] Mester, Z., and G. Tamassia. 2012. “Future Uses of the Piezoelectric Effect for Energy Production.” In
Documentation at Twelfth Annual Freshman Conference.
[6] Sadano, H. A., D. J. Inman, and G. Park. 2004. “A Review of Power Harvesting from Vibrations Using
Piezoelectric Materials.” The Shock and Vibration Digest 36: 197–206.
[7] Xu, X., and D. Cao. 2017. “Application of Piezoelectric Transducer in Energy Harvesting in Pavement.”
International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 11: 388–95.
[8] Donelan J.M., Generating Electricity during Walking with Minimal User Science, 319, Feb. 8, 2008

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