ME23403 - FLUID POWER
AUTOMATION
Topic - Electrohydraulic Circuits & Hydrostatic Transmission
Team Members :
Santhosh S (2023111303)
Kalaivani G (2023111304)
Abiram M (2023111305)
Saravana Kumar K (2023111307)
Introduction – Electrohydraulic Circuits
Electrohydraulic circuits integrate electrical and
hydraulic systems to enable precise and dynamic control
of mechanical operations.
These systems are extensively used in automation,
robotics, aerospace, and heavy industrial machinery
where high precision and force are required.
These circuits allow for seamless motion control with
high efficiency.
Advantages include the ability to generate substantial
force with minimal lag, precise positioning capabilities,
and adaptability to complex automation tasks.
Electrohydraulic technology is also essential in safety-
critical applications such as aircraft landing gear systems
and advanced manufacturing processes.
Components of Electrohydraulic
Circuits
Power supply (hydraulic pump, accumulator)
Control valves (proportional, servo valves)
Actuators (cylinders, motors)
Sensors and controllers (PLC, microcontrollers)
Electrical interface (solenoids, relays)
Working Principle
Electrical signals from the controller activate
solenoid-operated direction control valves.
The hydraulic pump supplies pressurized fluid from
the reservoir, regulated by a pressure relief valve.
The direction control valve routes hydraulic fluid to
the appropriate cylinder chamber, extending or
retracting the piston.
A position sensor provides feedback to the
controller for closed-loop control, ensuring precise
movement.
The neutral position of the valve allows fluid to
return to the reservoir, stopping the motion.
Electrical signals control hydraulic actuators via
solenoid-operated valves.
Feedback loops ensure precise motion control.
Used in CNC machines, automated presses, and
aerospace applications.
Applications
•Manufacturing:
Automated lines, metalworking, and plastic molding.
•Construction:
Heavy machinery like excavators and cranes.
•Aerospace:
Flight control and landing gear.
•Automotive:
Power steering and braking systems.
•Agriculture:
Farm machinery control.
Introduction – Hydrostatic Transmission
A hydrostatic transmission is a hydraulic power
transmission system that utilizes pressurized fluid to
transfer energy from a pump to a motor.
Unlike mechanical transmissions, it provides smooth and
stepless speed control without the need for gears or
clutches.
This system is widely used in applications requiring
variable speed and high torque at low speeds, such as
construction machinery, agricultural equipment, and
industrial automation.
The ability to efficiently transmit power with minimal
mechanical wear makes hydrostatic transmission a
preferred choice in heavy-duty applications.
Components of Hydrostatic
Transmission
Hydraulic pump (variable or fixed displacement)
Hydraulic motor (piston, vane, or gear type)
Reservoir and filtration system
Control valves and pressure regulators
Working Principle
Engine Powers the Pump:
• The engine drives the main pump, which pushes
hydraulic fluid under pressure.
• A charge pump helps maintain fluid pressure and
keeps the system running smoothly.
Fluid Flow Controls Movement:
• The pump sends fluid through pipes to a hydraulic
motor.
• The direction and amount of fluid control the
motor’s speed and rotation.
Working Principle
Motor Drives the Wheels:
• The hydraulic motor converts the fluid power back
into mechanical power.
• This power goes to the final drive, which turns the
wheels and moves the vehicle.
Control Valves Regulate Flow:
• V1 and V2 direct and control the fluid movement.
• Changing the fluid direction makes the vehicle
move forward or backward.
APPLICATIONS
•Construction Equipment (Excavators, Loaders):
For precise control of digging, lifting, and
movement.
•Agricultural Machinery (Tractors, Combines):
Enabling variable speed for diverse farming tasks.
•Industrial Forklifts:
Providing smooth lifting and accurate positioning.
•Mining Equipment:
Offering robust power transfer in harsh
environments.
