BTECH III YEAR II SEMESTER (AR20)

Name of the Course : Dynamics of Machinery

UNIT-III
1. a. The crank-pin circle radius of a horizontal engine is 300 mm. The mass of the
reciprocating parts is 250 kg. When the crank has travelled 60° from I.D.C., the
difference between the driving and the back pressures is 0.35 N/mm2. The connecting
rod length between centres is 1.2 m and the cylinder bore is 0.5 m. If the engine runs
at 250 r.p.m. and if the effect of piston rod diameter is neglected, calculate : 1.
pressure on slide bars, 2. thrust in the connecting rod, 3. tangential force on the crank-
pin, and 4. turning moment on the crank shaft. [8M]
b. What is the function of a flywheel? [2M]
2. The crank and connecting rod of a petrol engine, running at 1800 r.p.m. are 50 mm
and 200 mm respectively. The diameter of the piston is 80 mm and the mass of the
reciprocating parts is 1 kg. At a point during the power stroke, the pressure on the
piston is 0.7 N/mm2, when it has moved 10 mm from the inner dead centre. Determine
: 1. Net load on the gudgeon pin, 2. Thrust in the connecting rod, 3. Reaction between
the piston and cylinder, and 4. The engine speed at which the above values become
zero. [10M]
3. a. The mass of flywheel of an engine is 6.5 tons and the radius of gyration is 1.8m. It
is found from the turning moment diagram that the fluctuation of energy is 56 kN-m.
If the mean speed of the engine is 120 rpm, find the maximum & minimum speeds.
[5M]
b. Draw the tuning moment diagrams for the following different types of engines,
neglecting the effect of inertia of the connecting rod:
i. Single cylinder double acting steam engine
ii. Four stroke cycle. I.C. engine.
4. a. A horizontal cross compound steam engine develops 300 kW at 90 r.p.m. The
coefficient of fluctuation of energy as found from the turning moment diagram is to
be 0.1 and the fluctuation of speed is to be kept within ± 0.5% of the mean speed.
Find the weight of the flywheel required, if the radius of gyration is 2 metres.
[5M]
b. What is the function of a flywheel? How does it differ from that of a governor?
[5M]
5. The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to the following scales:
Turning moment, 1 mm = 5 N.m; crank angle, 1 mm = 1°. The turning moment
diagram repeats itself at every half revolution of the engine and the areas above and
below the mean turning moment line taken in order are 295, 685, 40, 340, 960, 270
mm 2. The rotating parts are equivalent to a mass of 36kg at a radius of gyration of
150mm. Determine the coefficient of fluctuation of speed when the engine runs at
1800rpm.
 [10M]
6. The turning moment diagram for a multi-cylinder engine has been drawn to a scale of
1 mm to 500 N-m torque and 1 mm to 6° of crank displacement. The intercepted areas
between output torque curve and mean resistance line taken in order from one end, in
sq. mm are
– 30, + 410, – 280, + 320, – 330, + 250, – 360, + 280, – 260 sq. mm, when the engine
is running at 800 r.p.m.
The engine has a stroke of 300 mm and the fluctuation of speed is not to exceed ± 2%
of the mean speed. Determine a suitable diameter and cross-section of the flywheel
rim for a limiting value of the safe centrifugal stress of 7 MPa. The material density
may be assumed as 7200 kg/ m 3. The width of the rim is to be 5 times the thickness.
[10M]
7. a. A Porter governor has equal arms each 250 mm long and pivoted on the axis of
rotation. Each ball has a mass of 5 kg and the mass of the central load on the sleeve is
15 kg. The radius of rotation of the ball is 150 mm when the governor begins to lift
and 200 mm when the governor is at maximum speed. Find the minimum and
maximum speeds and range of speed of the governor. [5M]
b. Write notes on following:
i. Coefficient of fluctuation of energy
ii. Coefficient of fluctuation of speed. [5M]
8. a. A Proell governor has equal arms of length 300 mm. The upper and lower ends of
the arms are pivoted on the axis of the governor. The extension arms of the lower
links are each 80 mm long and parallel to the axis when the radii of rotation of the
balls are 150 mm and 200 mm. The mass of each ball is 10 kg and the mass of the
central load is 100 kg. Determine the range of speed of the governor. [5M]
b. Write notes on following:
i. Sensitiveness
ii. Stability of a governor [5M]

9. a. A Hartnell governor having a central sleeve spring and two right-angled bell crank
levers moves between 290 rpm and 310 rpm for a sleeve lift of 15mm. The sleeve
arms and the ball arms are 80 mm and 120 mm respectively. The levers are pivoted at
120 mm from the governor axis and mass of each ball is 2.5 kg. The ball arms are
parallel to the governor axis at the lowest equilibrium speed. Determine : 1. loads on
the spring at the lowest and the highest equilibrium speeds, and 2. stiffness of the
spring. [8M]
b. Define isochronism of a governor. [2M]

UNIT-IV
1. Four masses m1, m2, m3 and m4 are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and 260 kg respectively.
The corresponding radii of rotation are 0.2 m, 0.15 m, 0.25 m and 0.3 m respectively
 and the angles between successive masses are 45°, 75° and 135°. Find the position
and magnitude of the balance mass required, if its radius of rotation is 0.2 m.
[10M]
2. A shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D of magnitude 200 kg, 300 kg, 400 kg and
200 kg respectively and revolving at radii 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm and 80 mm in
planes measured from A at 300 mm, 400 mm and 700 mm. The angles between the
cranks measured anticlockwise are A to B 45°, B to C 70° and C to D 120°. The
balancing masses are to be placed in planes X and Y. The distance between the planes
A and X is 100 mm, between X and Y is 400 mm and between Y and D is 200 mm. If
the balancing masses revolve at a radius of 100 mm, find their magnitudes and
angular positions. [10M]
3. Four masses A, B, C and D as shown below are to be completely balanced.

The planes containing masses B and C are 300 mm apart. The angle between planes
containing B and C is 90°. B and C make angles of 210° and 120° respectively with D
in the same sense. Find :
1. The magnitude and the angular position of mass A ; and
2. The position of planes A and D. [10M]
4. A, B, C and D are four masses carried by a rotating shaft at radii 100, 125, 200 and
150 mm respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm
apart and the mass of B, C and D are 10 kg, 5 kg, and 4 kg respectively.
Find the required mass A and the relative angular settings of the four masses so that
the shaft shall be in complete balance. [10M]
5. An inside cylinder locomotive has its cylinder centre lines 0.7 m apart and has a
stroke of 0.6 m. The rotating masses per cylinder are equivalent to 150 kg at the crank
pin, and the reciprocating masses per cylinder to 180 kg. The wheel centre lines are
1.5 m apart. The cranks are at right angles.
The whole of the rotating and 2/3 of the reciprocating masses are to be balanced by
masses placed at a radius of 0.6 m. Find the magnitude and direction of the balancing
masses. Find the fluctuation in rail pressure under one wheel, variation of tractive
effort and the magnitude of swaying couple at a crank speed of 300 r.p.m.
[10M]
6. A five cylinder in-line engine running at 750 r.p.m. has successive cranks 144° apart,
the distance between the cylinder centre lines being 375 mm. The piston stroke is 225
mm and the ratio of the connecting rod to the crank is 4. Examine the engine for
balance of primary and secondary forces and couples. Find the maximum values of
these and the position of the central crank at which these maximum values occur. The
reciprocating mass for each cylinder is 15 kg. [10M]
7. a. What is meant by balancing of rotating masses? [5M]
b. Define and explain the terms Swaying couple and hammer blow. [5M]
8. a. Write a short note on primary balancing. [5M]
b. Explain the terms: variation of tractive force, swaying couple, and hammer blow.
[5M]
9. A,B,C and D are four masses carried by a rotating shaft at radii 100mm, 150mm,
150mm and 200mm respectively. The planes in which masses rotate are spaced at
500mm apart and the magnitude of the masses; B, C and D are 9Kg, 5Kg and 4Kg
respectively. Find the required mass A and the relative angular settings of the 4
masses so that the shaft shall be in complete balance. [10M]
 UNIT-V
1. a. A shaft of length 0.75 m, supported freely at the ends, is carrying a body of
mass 90 kg at 0.25 m from one end. Find the natural frequency of transverse
vibration. Assume E = 200 GN/m2 and shaft diameter = 50 mm. [5M]
b. Define frequency, cycle, period and free vibration. [5M]
2. Determine the equivalent spring & natural frequency of the following vibrating
system when:
s1 = 5 N/mm, s2 = 8 N/mm and m = 10 kg.

[10M]
3. A vibrating system consist of a mass 50 kg, a spring with a stiffness of 30 kN/m
and a damper. The damping provided is only 20% of critical value. Determine the
i. Damping factor ii. Critical damping coefficient
iii. Natural frequency of damped vibration [Link] decrement
v. Ratio of two consecutive amplitude. [10M]
4. In a single-degree damped vibrating system, a suspended mass of 8 kg makes 30
oscillation in 18 seconds. The amplitude decreases to 0.25 of initial value after 5
oscillation. Determine
i. Stiffness of the spring ii. Logarithmic decrement
iii. Damping factor iv. Damping coefficient [10M]
5. A machine mounted on springs & fitted with a dashpot has a mass of 60 kg. There
are 3 springs. Each of stiffness 12 N/mm. The amplitude of vibration reduces from
45 mm to 8 mm in two complete oscillations. Assuming that the damping force
varies as the velocity, determine the
i. Damping coefficient
ii. Ratio of frequencies of damped & undamped vibration
iii. Periodic time of damped vibration. [10M]
6. a. A machine part having mass of 2.5 kg vibrates in a viscous medium. A
harmonic exciting force of 30 N acts on the part and causes a resonant amplitude
of 14 mm with a period of 0.22 second. Find the damping coefficient.
If the frequency of the exciting force is changed to 4 Hz, determine the increase in
amplitude of the forced vibration upon the removal of the damper. [8M]
b. What are the different types of vibrations? [2M]
7. A single-cylinder vertical diesel engine has a mass of 400 kg and is mounted on a
steel chassis frame. The static deflection owing to the weight of the chassis is 2.4
mm. The reciprocating masses of the engine amounts to 18 kg and stroke of 160
mm a damping coefficient of 2 N/mm/s is also used to dampen the vibrations. In
steady-state of the vibrations. Determine the amplitude of the vibrations if the
driving shaft rotates at 500 [Link] of the driving shaft when the resonance.
[10M]
8. a. A refrigerator unit having a mass of 35 kg is to be supported on three springs,
each having a spring stiffness s. The unit operates at 480 rpm. Find the value of
stiffness s, if only 10% of shaking force is allowed to be transmitted to the
supporting structure. [6M]
b. What are the causes and effect of vibration? [4M]
9. A machine supported symmetrically on four springs has a mass of 80 kg. The
mass of the reciprocating part is 2.2 kg which move through a horizontal stroke of
100 mm with simple harmonic motion. Neglecting damping, determine the
combined stiffness of the springs so that the force transmitted to the foundation is
1/20th of the impressed force. The machine crank rotates at 800 rpm.
If, under the actual condition, the damping reduces the amplitudes of vibration by
30%, find the force transmitted to the foundation. [10M]
10. A shaft supported freely at the ends has a mass of 120 kg placed 250 mm from
one end. The shaft diameter is 40 mm. Determine the frequency of the natural
transverse vibration if the length of the shaft is 700 mm, E = 200 GN/m2.
[10M]
11. a. A shaft of 40 mm diameter and 2.5 m length has a mass of 15 kg per metre
length. It is simply supported at the ends and carries three masses of 90 kg, 140 kg
and 60 kg at 0.8 m, 1.5 m and 2 m respectively from the left support. Taking E =
200 GN/m2, find the frequency of the transverse vibration. [5M]
b. Calculate the whirling speed of a shaft 20 mm diameter and 0.6 m long carrying
a mass of 1 kg at its mid-point. The density of the shaft material is 40 Mg/m 3, and
Young’s modulus is 200 GN/m 2. Assume the shaft to be freely supported.
[5M]
12. A rotor has a mass of 12 kg and is mounted midway on a 24 mm diameter
horizontal shaft supported at the ends by two bearings. The bearings are 1 m apart.
The shaft rotates at 2400 rpm. If the centre of mass of the rotor is 0.11 mm away
from the geometric centre of the rotor due to certain manufacturing defect, find
the amplitude of the steady-state vibration and dynamic force transmitted to the
bearings. Take E = 200 GN/m2. [10M]