AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)
Spring 2024-25
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB
Section: M (GROUP-1)
LAB REPORT ON:
Familiarizing with the basic DC circuit terms & concepts: Introduction to laboratory
equipment.
Supervised By
Tamim Hossain
Submitted By: Ashikur Rahman
Name ID Contribution
1. Ashikur Rahman 22-47432-2 Simulation
2. Moktadir Minha 23-52066-2 Theory
3. Fahad Ahmed 23-52069-2 Report Writing
4. Ahad Bhuiyan 23-52098-2 Calculation
5. Emam Hijabullah 24-56107-1 Result
Date of Submission: Mar 09, 2025
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPICS Page no.
I. Title Page 1
II. Table of Content 2
1. Title of the Experiment 3
2. Abstract 3
3. Apparatus 3
4. CKT Diagram 4
5. Experimental Procedure 5
6. Result 6
7. Simulation 7-12
8. Discussion 15
9. Conclusion 15
2
Title of the Experiment:
Familiarizing with the basic DC circuit terms & concepts: Introduction to laboratory equipment.
Abstract:
From this experiment we are expected to review, solidify & improve our understanding of DC
circuits & ohms law.
We will gain experience in building DC circuits and making measurements of current and voltage.
Also, strengthen the ability to reason about how adding or removing resistors will affect the current
& potential at different locations in a DC circuit.
The main objective of this experiment is to verify the ohms law. In doing so, followings are to be
performed:
a) To design an electrical circuit with relevant parameters and sources.
b) To set up the circuit with appropriate connections, sources, and instruments.
c) To compare the measured value with the theoretical estimated value.
d) To find the reason for error in result, and to draw conclusion on how to overcome.
Apparatus:
1. Trainer Board
2. Voltmeter
3. Ammeter
4. AVO meter or Multi meter
5. DC source
6. Resistors
3
Circuit Diagram:
Figure- 1
Figure- 2
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Experimental Procedure:
1. We have calculated the values of the supplied resistors using the color code chart
theoretically. Then we measured the values using a multimeter. The following table
has been completed with these values:
Table 1
Resistor Value using color code Value using Multimeter
chart
R1 1425 ~ 1575 1462 Ω
R2 3135 ~ 3465 3160 Ω
R3 5320 ~ 5880 5470 Ω
R4 3705 ~ 4095 3770 Ω
R5 950~ 1050 972 Ω
2. We have constructed the above mentioned circuits from figure 1 and 2. Theoretically,
we have calculated RT (total resistance), I (total current), Vab,Vcd, Va and Vb. Again,
we have calculated the same quantities using the multimeter and completed the
following table:
Table 2
Theoretical Calculation Multimeter Readings
E 𝐑 𝐓 (KΩ) I 𝐕𝐚𝐛 (V) 𝐕𝐜𝐝 (V) 𝐕𝐚 (V) 𝐕𝐛 (V) 𝐑 𝐓 (KΩ) I 𝐕𝐚𝐛 (V) 𝐕𝐜𝐝 (V) 𝐕𝐚 (V) 𝐕𝐛 (V)
(mA) (mA)
5V 2.434 2.05 1.996 3 5 3 2.434 2.02 2.05 3.01 5 3.01
10V 2.434 4.10 3.993 6 10 6 2.434 4.07 3.99 6.04 10 6.04
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Result:
Theoretical calculation:
For 5 V:
R T = (R ab + R cd ) = (972 + 1462) Ω = 2434 Ω
I = V/R T = 5/2434 = 2.05×10-3 A = 2.05 mA
Vab = I × R ab = (2.05×10-3 × 972) = 1.996 V
Vcd = I × R cd = (2.05×10-3 × 1462) = 3V
Vb = Vcd = 3 V
Va = Vab + Vcd = 4.996V
For 10 V:
R T = (R ab + R cd ) = (972 + 1462) Ω = 2434 Ω
I = V/R T = 10/2434 = 4.108×10-3 A = 4.108 mA
Vab = I × R ab = 3.993 V
Vcd = I × R cd = 6 V
Vb = Vcd = 6 V
Va = Vab + Vcd= 9.993 V
Multimeter calculation:
For 5 V:
I = 2.02 mA
Vab = 2.05 V
Vcd = 3.01 V
Va = 5 V
Vb = 3.01 V
For 10 V:
I = 4.07 mA
Vab = 3.99 V
Vcd = 6.04 V
Va = 10 V
Vb = 6.04 V
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Simulation:
For V = 5V
Figure:3 ( RT)
Figure:4 (Vcd)
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Figure:5 (Vab)
Figure:6 (I)
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Figure:7 (V)
9
For V = 10V
Figure:8 (I)
Figure:9 (Vab)
10
Figure:10 (Vcd)
Figure:11 (RT)
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Figure:12 (V)
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Answer to the Questions:
1. Show the difference between your theoretical value and Multi meter Value.
Ans:
Theoretical Calculations for 10V:
RT = R1 + R2= 1462+ 972 = 2.434 KΩ
I = V/R = 10 / 2434 = 4.108 mA
Vab = I×Rab= 3.993 V
Vcd =I×Rcd=V
Va = Vab + Vb ........................... (i)
Vc = Vcd + Vd
= 6 +0 [Vd=0]
=6V
Since, Vb = Vc
So, Vb= 6 V
So, from eqn (i),
Va = Vab + Vb= 3.993 + 6= 9.993V
Multi meter readings for 10V:
I = 4.07 mA
Vab = 3.99 V
Vcd = 6.04 V
Va = 10 V
Vb = 6.04 V
13
Theoretical Calculations for 5V:
RT = 2.434 KΩ
I= 2.05 mA
Vab =1.996 V
Vcd=3V
Va = 05 V
Vb= 3V
Multi meter readings for 5V:
I = 2.02 mA
Vab = 2.05 V
Vcd = 3.01 V
Va = 5 V
Vb = 3.01 V
There is a little difference between the multimeter readings and our calculations and the reason
for this is answered in 2nd question.
2. Do you have any differences between these values? If you have, then explain the reason.
Ans: Yes, I have. Because of the tolerance of the resistance and taking smaller value.
3. Why an ammeter can be damaged if it is connected in parallel to the load resistor?
Ans: An ammeter has a tolerance of almost zero. When it is connected in parallel, huge currents
enter into the ammeter and for this it could be damaged.
14
Discussion:
While experimenting, at first the resistance of resistors was calculated from the color chart and
after that it was checked by the multi-meter practically. Then a circuit was created according
to the theoretical circuit diagram to calculate the voltage of different points in the circuit and
current passing through the circuit. Despite our best efforts, there were a few minor
discrepancies between the multimeter readings and the theoretical computation. Our theoretical
calculations and the readings obtained from using Multisim to simulate the circuit match,
suggesting that the reason could be a multimeter error or tip placement issue. While measuring
voltage, we took care to avoid touching the bare probe tips together as this could have resulted
in a short circuit. To measure current, we wired the multimeter in series with the circuit so that
electrons would pass through it. During the experiment some error took place due to the fault
of voltage source. It was solved with the help of the course instructor. Finally, all the data was
placed in the data table. For the given equation, a result was obtained.
Conclusion:
From this experiment the basic idea of DC terms and circuits were observed and verified
with specific theory. Also, we gained knowledge on how to use a multimeter to measure
voltages and currents accurately and how to realistically build a circuit using the provided
theoretical circuit schematic. More precision in multimeter readings is necessary for an
accurate result. In the end, the experiment was completed effectively and had a good
outcome.
The End
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