~ IT st."' IF ... _,Q I!?
IF y 7
DE XU CAU TRUC VA CHUAN DANH GIA NANG LIIC
. DOC
..
.. HIEU I!? A? A II'
THONG CH GTRINH GlAD DUC PHD THONG MOl
TS. NGUYEN TH! H6NG VAN
Vl~n Klioa hoc GUio due Vl~l Nam
1. £)~t van de Qua vi~c phan tfch nhung d~c diem tuong dong
Nghi quyet so 88/20 14/QH 13 da Quoc h9i ngay va khac bi~t cac khai ni~m tren, chung toi de xu at khai
28 thang 11 nam 2014 ve f)oi m{Ji chuong trinh, sach ni~m sau: DQc hieu Ia toan b¢ qua trinh: tiep xuc trljc
giao khoa giao dvc phO thong da yeu cau: "Mvc tieu tiep (gom qua trinh cam thv kf hi~u v9t chift va nh¢n ra
giao dvc ph6 thOng Ia t¢p trung phat trien trf tw~, tM y nghia cua nhung kf hi~u a6) voi van ban; nhqn [Link], ttf
chat, hinh thanh ph6m chat, nang 11/c (NL) cong dan, duy (tiep nhqn va phOn tfch If giai y nghia cua van ban,
phctt hi~n va b6i duang nang khieu, C!inh huang ngh€ ph6t hi~n ra y nghia kh6ng c6 san gi[la cac dong van,
nghi~p cho hQc sinh (HS). Phat trien khd nang sang tgo, OQC nhung bieu ttfr;lng, any cua vai van ban va dien aqt
tl/ hQc, khuyen khfch hQc t¢p su6t Cfoi" [1]. lgi Mng loi cua ngtf(Ji OQC, kien tgo y nghia vai van ban);
Trong bai bao De xu at cau true va chuan Cfanh gia phOn hoi, sudvng vai van bdn (stjthaya6i nhqn [Link], tLf
nang ltjc Giai quyet van de trong chuong trinh giao dvc wong, tinh cam cua nguoi dQc, tim ray nghia fich sU, gia
ph6 thOng moi, quy trlnh xay dl,fng chuan danh gia NL tri cua van ban).
gom bon buoc Ia: djnh nghia NL, xac djnh cac ki nang 3. Cac th~mh to/ ki nang thanh phan
thanh phan, thiet l~p chi so hanh vi, xay dl,fng chuan Nang ll,fc dqc hieu bao gom bon th~mh to/ ki
danh gia NL [2]. nang thanh phan co ban Ia: A/. Xac djnh cac thong tin
Trong bai viet nay, chung toi se tong quan xu the tuvan ban ve tac gia, hoan canh sang tac, cot truy~n, y
tu6ng, thong di~p, ... ; B/. Ph an tich, ket noi cac thong
quoc te ve vi~c phat trien NL dqc hieu, de xuat cau
tin de xac djnh gia trj n¢i dung va gia trj ngh~ thu~t
true va chuan danh gia NL dqc hieu phu h<;1p voi djnh
cua van ban, tU'van bim; C/. Phan hoi va danh gia van
huang phat trien chuong trlnh giao dvc pho thong
ban: phan hoi, danh gia thong tin the hi~n trong van
moi 6 nuoc ta. fJdy Ia ket qua nghien cU'u iluf!c tal
ban va qua van bantu kinh nghi~m ca nhan; 0/. V~n
bO'i va
Phdt triin Khoa h9c Cong gia
dvng thong tin tu van ban vao thl,fc th~n: sii dvng cac
(NAFOSTED} trong tal mii soV/1.2-2011.06.
thong tin trong van ban de giai quyet cac van de nay
Duoi day, mota ket qua v~n d1,mg quy trlnh tren
sinh trong hqc t~p va doi song.
trong vi~c xay dl,fng chuan danh gia NL dqc hieu cua
4. Cac chi hanh vi
HS pho thong. Ket qua nay du<;1c thl,fc nghi~m 6 2000
Bang 1 mota chi ti«?t chi so hanh vi cck ki nang
HS cua Ha NQi, Vinh Phuc, Ngh~ An va £lak Lak.
thanh phan cua NL dqc hieu da neu tren.
2. Khai ni~m ning ll!c dQc hi~u
Bang 1: Chi s6 Mnh vi cua cac ki nang thOnh phOn
Theo UNESCO, "dQc hieu /a khd nang nhqn biet,
thOu hieu, giai thfch, sang tgo, trao aoi, tfnh toan va su Thanht6NL Chi s6 h~mh vi b~li 4Qc hl~u
dvng tai li~u viet ho(ic in k€t hqp voi nhung b6i canh A. Xacdinh - Nh~n biet thong tin ve tac gia, boi
khctc nhau; n6 dol hOi slj hr;;c hOi lien tvc, cho phep m¢t cac thong tin canh sang tac, ...
tuvan ban - Nh~n biet W ngu, chi tiet, doi tuqng,
ca nMn dgt auqc mvc afch cua mlnh, phctt trien kien
de tai cua van ban.
thUc, tiem nang va tham gia day Cfu trong xa h¢i r¢ng - xac dinh cot truy~n, chU de, nhan v~t, cam
/on"[3]. xuc, ychfnh, thong di~p, ... cua van ban.
PISA (2012) xac dinh "d9c hie·u Ia 5I/ hieu biet, B. Phan tfch, - Ket noi y tu6ng co ban tu cac thong
su dvng va phon hOi lgi tru{Jc m¢t van ban viet nhtim ket noi thong tin trong van ban (nhu d~c diem tfnh
dgt Cfuqc mvc arch phctt trien tri [Link] va tiem nang" tin cua van each, pham chat cua nhan v~t; each
ban thuc himh d¢ng; cac tu ngu, phep tutu
[4]. £>oi tuqng dqc hieu c6 hai d<;mg Ia van ban lien trong van ban; kien thuc ve cac van de
tvc (continuous tests) nhu tl,f sl,f, giai thfch, mieu ta, xa h(li, van h9c, cac kinh nghi~m thl,fc
l~p lu~n, gioi thi~u, tuli~u ghi chep, sieu van ban va te, ... J
- Doi chh~u, phan tfch nhung thong tin,
van ban khong lien tvc (non - continuous tests) nhu
y chfnh cua van ban qua kien thuc va
bieu do, ao thj, b<'mg bieu, ma tr~n, sd do, hlnh d~ng, kinh nghi~m ca nhan.
thong tin, tin hi~u, quang cao, h6a don chung tu, van - Khai quat h6a cac thong tin ve n9i
dung va ngh~ thu~t cua van ban.
b~ng chung chi, ...
lffi NGHIEN CUU ---------------------------------------------------------------
[Link] hoi - Nh~n xet, c:lanh gia gia trj cua van ban, 2. Xac d!nh y Ket noi cac thong tin W nhung tu
va danh gia y tLJC:Ing, cam hung cua tac gia qua vi¢c tuC:Ing chfnh cua ngu, boi canh trong van ban de xac
van ban lien ket, so sanh, doi chieu voi cac moi van ban djnh Cfu'Q'C cac y tlii':lng Cd ban CUa
lien h¢ ngoai van ban va kinh nghi¢m van ban.
s~n c6.
- Khai quat h6a cac van de ve If lu~n nhli 1. Nh~n biet Chi ra nhung thong tin c6 lien quan
phong each, thai d<;~i, qua trlnh sang thong tin cua va duqc the hi~n trong van ban: tac
tac, ... van ban gia, hoan canh sang tac, ngu, chi w
- Rut ra bai h9c cho ban than va nhung tiet, nhan v~t, qua d6 nh~n biet ve
thong di~p cua van ban. doi tuqng va ni;>i dung chfnh duqc
de c~p.
D.V~n dt,mg - V~n dyng thong tin cua van ban trong
- Da so HS cu6i cap Tieu h9c (lop 4, 5) d9c hieu
thong tin tu Vi~C giai quyet CaC van de CUQC song.
van ban vao - Biet khai quat hoa qua trlnh d9c hieu du'Q'c nhung van ban c6 dung luqng ngan, n¢i dung
thl,(c th~n thimh each thuc, phlidng phap d9c lien quan den nhung van de thu'ong g~p trong CUQC
hieu van ban ho~c thu(lc cac n(li dung, song, bao gom van ban van hQC va van ban thong tin
van de khiic. (chu yeu Ia kenh chu). Cac em nh~n ra duqc nhung
- Rut ra y nghia tli tl16'ng, gia trj song thong tin du'Q'c the hi~n trong van ban nhu tu ngu,
w
cua ca nhan van ban. chi tiet, nhan v~t, neu du'Q'c ni;>i dung chfnh cua van
ban, If giai du'Q'c mt,.~c dich sU' d1,1ng ciic thong tin trong
cau true NL d9c hieu bang bieu do gom bon
van ban; biet lien h~ nhung thong tin, chi tiet, y chfnh
thzmh to/ ki nang thimh phan va 10 chi so himh vida cua van ban voi kien thuc va kinh nghi~m ca nhan;
neu (X em hlnh 1). nh~n ray nghia cua van ban va lien h~ voi nhung tlnh
Hinh 1: Cau true NL tfQc hieu van ban huong CUQC song.
- Da so HS cu6i cap Trung h9c cd s6 d9c hieu
duqc nhung van ban c6 dung hJqng tudng d6i dai,
n<?i dung lien quan den nhung van de thu'O'ng g~p
trong hQC t~p va CUQC song, bao gom ciic van ban van
hQC, van bim thong tin (CO kem hlnh anh, Sd do, bang
bieu, ... ). HS c6 the nh~n di~n tu ngu, y chfnh cua
cac do<;~n, neu du'Q'C de tai, chu de van ban; khai quat
n<?i dung chfnh cua van ban; lien ket cac y tu'Cing tu
nhung phan khac nhau cua van ban; neu y kien, bi~n
phap giai quyet m(>t van de du'Q'C de C~p trong van
ban; lien h~, so sanh de ket noi cac moi lien h~ ngoai
van ban; the hi~n dU'Q'C nhung suy nghi, nh~n xet ve y
nghia tu' tu'C:Jng CUa van ban; neu dL!Q'C bai hQC cho Ca
s. Chu~n c:tanh gia
Nl cl9c hi'u
nhan tuvan ban; the hi~n du'Q'c nhung suy nghi, nh~n
Tren Cd s6 ket qua do IU'6ng thljc tien doi voi tren
xet ve CclC gia trj CUa CUQC song qua van ban.
2000 HS 6 Ha N(>i, Vinh Phuc, Oak Uik va Ngh~ An, c6 - Da so HS cuoi cap Trung hQc pho thong d9c
the thay, slj phat trien Nl d9c hieu cua HS tu muc 1 Hinh 2: fJI..I&ng phdt trien nang 11/c nang lt!c tfQc hieu
den muc s (Xem bang 2). cho HS ph6 thOng
Bang 2: Cdc muc tJ¢ phdt trien nang 11/c tfQc hieu van bdn
Muc Mota
s. Kien giai ynghia
Suy nghi, blnh lu~n, kien giai y nghia
cua van ban trong tu' tl16ng va cac gia trj cua van bim
cu(lcs6ng trong CUQC song, V~n dyng vao CclC HS. tnmg h,•.:
ph~,.\ th~_\ng
giai phap va boi canh moi.
4. V~n dt,mg SU' dvng thong tin cua van ban, thong
HS trung hQC
thong tin vao tin W cac nguon khac va kinh nghi~m caw
tlnh huong gia ban than cte giai quyet cac van de gia
d!nh, ho~c thlfc djnh, cac van de nay Sinh trong CUQC
tien song dliQ'C gQ'i ra tltvan ban.
3. Khai quat gia Ket noicac moi lien Mtrong va ngoai
tri ni;>i dung, van ban de nMn xet ve gia tri ni;>i
ngh~ thu~t cua dung, ngh~ thu~t cua van ban, y
van ban tLIC:Ing sang tac cua tac gia, cac thong
di~p dLIQ'c gui gam.
(Xem tiep trang 6 7)
"KIIOA GIAO
