GTU-GSET 3/26/2024
Advance Steel Design
Subject Code: 3722007
6th Lecture
Dr. Kaushik Gondaliya
Assistant Professor,
Graduate School of Technology and Engineering,
Gujarat Technological Engineering,
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad - 382424.
Course Contents
• Properties of Steel: (5%)
• Mechanical Properties, Hysteresis, Ductility.
• Compactness and noncompactness, slenderness, residual stresses.
• Plastic Behavior of Structural Steel: (15%)
• Introduction
• Plastic theory
• Plastic hinge concept
• Plastic collapse load, conditions of plastic analysis
• Theorem of Plastic collapse
• Methods of Plastic analysis
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Course Contents
• Design of Industrial Buildings: (20%)
• Introduction, selection of bay width, structural framing, purlins, girts and eave
strut, plane trusses
• Design of gantry girders
• Design of Cold-Formed Sections: (25%)
• Advantages, stiffened and unstiffened elements,
• local buckling and post buckling strength, shear lag and flange curling,
• unusually wide flange section, short span sections, members subjected to axial
tension, compression and bending.
• Design of beams and columns,
• Introduction to pre-engineered buildings using cold formed sections.
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Course Contents
• Design of Steel Stacks: (20%)
• Introduction
• Proportioning of stack, Codal provisions
• Loads on Stacks, Load combinations, Stresses in Self-supporting stacks
• Design procedure for self-supporting stacks, Guyed steel stacks
• Design of Composite Structures: (15%)
• Composite Floor and Roof System Design, Composite beam
• Open web steel joist / joist girder, Serviceability requirements
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Grading
• Two Quizzes (30% each) (Before and after mid-term)
• Mid-term Exam (30%)
• Final Exam (30%)
• Homework and Assignments (10%)
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Contents
• Design of Industrial Buildings: (20%)
• Introduction,
• Selection of bay width,
• Structural framing,
• Purlins,
• Girts and eave strut,
• Plane trusses
• Design of gantry girders
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Steps of Roof Truss Wind load Calculation
• Step-1 : Angle of roof truss
• Step-2 : Determining Basic wind Speed (Vb)
• Step-3: Wind pressure calculation
• 1. Design Wind Speed (Vz) :
• Basic Wind Speed as per IS 875 Part 3
• 2. Design Wind Pressure:
• Step-4: Wind load on individual members
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Wind Load Calculation
• Step-1 : Angle of roof truss
Angle of roof truss = tan-1( Rise/(Span/2))
• Step-2 : Determining Basic wind Speed (Vb)
• Finding basic wind speed from page no 6 or 51 of IS 875 part-3 -2015 as per
location.
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Wind Speed Calculation
Design Wind Speed (Vz) :
For finding design wind speed, formula given on page no 5 of IS 875 part-3
2015.
Vz = Vb × K1 ×K2 × K3 × K4
Where,
Vb = Basic wind speed
K1 = Risk Coefficient
K2 = Terrain roughness and height factor
K3 = Topography factor
K4 = Importance factor for cyclonic region
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Basic Wind Speed as per IS 875 Part 3
Find K1 Find K3
• K1 is obtained from page no 7, table-1, IS 875 • K3 is obtain from clause 6.3.3, page no 8, IS 875
part-3 2015 part-3 2015.
• K1 depends on the class and life of the structure. Find K4
Find K2 • K4 is obtained from clause no 6.3.4, page no 8,
IS 875 part-3 2015.
• K2 depends on the terrain category and height
of the structure. • For hospitals, schools, communication towers,
cyclone shelters, K4 is 1.30.
• Terrain category decided on the basis of terrain
of location of structure. • For industrial structures, K4 is 1.15.
• K2 is obtain from table-2, page no 8, IS 875 • All other structures, K4 is 1.00.
part-3 2015
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Design Wind Pressure:
Pd = Kd ×Ka × Kc × Pz Find Kd
Kd is obtain from clause no 7.2.1, page no 9, IS
Where, 875 part-3 2015.
Pz = wind pressure Find Ka
Ka is obtained from clause no 7.2.2, page no 10,
Pz = 0.6 × Vz2 IS 875 part-3 2015.
Kd = wind directionality factor Ka is dependent on the tributary area.
Ka = Area averaging factor. Tributary area = spacing or pitch × rise
Find Kc
Kc = Combination factor.
Kc is obtain from clause no [Link], page no16,
IS 875 part-3 2015.
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Wind Load on individual members
Wind load on individual members is • Find Cpi
determined by formula which is given in IS
• Cpi is obtained from clause 7.3.2, page
875 part 3, clause 7.3.1, page no 10.
no 11, IS 875 part 3 2015.
• F = ( Cpe – Cpi ) A × Pd
• Cpi depends on the opening area in a
• Where,
structure.
• Cpe = external pressure coefficient
• Find Cpe
• Cpi = internal pressure coefficient
• Cpe is obtain from clause 7.3.3, page
• A = surface area of structural element or no 11, IS 875 part-3 2015.
cladding unit
• Cpe is also obtain from table 6, IS 875
• Pd = design wind pressure
part-3 2015.
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Basic Wind Speed as per IS 875 Part 3
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Terrain Categories
Category 1 – Exposed open terrain with a few or no obstructions and in which the
average height of any object surrounding the structure is less than 1.5 m.
NOTE – This category includes open sea coasts and flat treeless plains.
Category 2 – Open terrain with well-scattered obstructions having height generally
between 1.5 and 10 m.
NOTE – This is the criterion for measurement of regional basic wind speeds and
includes airfields, open parklands and undeveloped sparsely built-up outskirts of
towns and suburbs. Open land adjacent to seacoast may also be classified as
Category 2 due to roughness of large sea waves at high winds.
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Terrain Categories
Category 3 – Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of building-
structures up to 10 m in height with or without a few isolated tall structures.
NOTE 1 – This category includes well-wooded areas, and shrubs, towns and industrial areas
fully or partially developed.
NOTE 2 – It is likely that the next higher category than this will not exist in most design
situations and that selection of a more severe category will be deliberate.
NOTE 3 – Particular attention must be given to performance of obstructions in areas
affected by fully developed tropical cyclones. Vegetation, which is likely to be blown down
or defoliated, cannot be relied upon to maintain Category 3 conditions. Where such a
situation exists, either an intermediate category with speed multipliers midway between the
values for Category 2 and 3 given in Table 2 may be used, or Category 2 be selected having
due regard to local conditions.
Terrain Categories
Category 4 – Terrain with numerous large high closely spaced obstructions.
NOTE – This category includes large city centers, generally with obstructions taller
than 25 m and well-developed industrial complexes.
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Topography (k3 factor)
• The effect of topography will be significant at a site when the upwind
slope (θ) is greater than about 3o, and below that, the value of k3 may
be taken to be equal to 1.0. The value of k3 is confined in the range of
1.0 to 1.36 for slopes greater than 3o. A method of evaluating the value
of k3 for values greater than 1.0 is given in Appendix C. It may be
noted that the value of k3 varies with height above ground level, at a
maximum near the ground, and reducing to 1.0 at higher levels, for hill
slope in excess of 17o.
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Importance Factor for Cyclonic Region (k4)
Cyclonic storms usually occur on the east coast of the country in addition to the
Gujarat coast on the west. Studies of wind speed and damage to buildings and
structures point to the fact that the speeds given in the basic wind speed map are
often exceeded during the cyclones. The effect of cyclonic storms is largely felt in a
belt of approximately 60 km width at the coast. In order to ensure greater safety of
structures in this region (60 km wide on the east coast as well as on the Gujarat
coast), the following values of k4 are stipulated, as applicable according to the
importance of the structure:
• Structures of post–cyclone importance 1.30
• Industrial structures 1.15
• All other structures 1.00
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Question
Roofing system of an industrial shed consists of trusses spaced at 6 m apart. The span of
roof truss is18 m and rise is 3 m. The level of eaves is 7 m above the ground. Assume
suitable configuration of truss. The shade is situated on flat terrain with sparsely populated
buildings. The shed has less than 20% permeability. Prepare structural layout of industrial
steel shed with suitable configuration. Determine the wind forces on the truss. Location
Chennai.
• Spacing : 6 m
• Span = 18 m
• Rise = 3 m
• Height = 7 m
• Terrain: Flat terrain with sparsely populated buildings
• Shed has less than 20% permeability
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Solution
Assume howe type truss for 18 m span.
Step-1: Angle of roof truss
Angle of roof truss = tan-1( Rise/(Span/2))
= tan-1(3/(18/2))
= 18.43
Step-2: Determining Basic wind Speed
(Vb)
For Chennai, the basic wind speed is 50m/s
from page no51, IS 875 part-3 2015.
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Solution
Step-3: Wind pressure calculation
Direct finding K1, K2, K3, K4 from the IS 875 part-3. For find this coefficient
is explain above in steps.
K1 = 1
K2 = 1
K3 = 1
K4 = 1.15
Vz = Vb × K1 ×K2 × K3 × K4
= 50 × 1 × 1 × 1 × 1.15
= 57.50 m/s
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Solution
Design Wind Pressure:
Pd = Kd ×Ka × Kc × Pz
Direct finding Kd, Ka, Kc from the IS 875 part-3. For find this coefficient is
explain above in steps.
Kd = 0.9
Ka = 0.92 (getting this by interpolation between 10 and 25)
Kc = 0.9
Pz = 0.6 × Vz2
= 0.6 × 57.52
=1983.75 N/m2
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Solution
Pd = Kd ×Ka × Kc × Pz
= 0.9 × 0.92 × 0.9 × 1983.75
= 1478.29 N/m2
= 1.478 KN/m2
Design wind pressure is less than 0.7 × Pz
= 0.7 × 1983.75
= 1,388.62 (N/m2) Hence OK
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Solution
Step-4: Wind load on individual members
F = (Cpe – Cpi ) A × Pd
Find Cpi
The shed has less than 20% permeability
Therefore, Cpi = +/-(0.5)
Find Cpe
For truss angle 18.43 and,
h/w = 7/18
= 0.38
the Cpe is given below.
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Solution
Finding area:
A = Spacing × (((span/2)2 × (rise)2)^(0.5))/number of panels)
= 6 × (((9)2 × (3)2) ^ (0.5)) / 8)
= 7.115 m2
Therefore,
A × Pd = 7.115 × 1.478
= 10.52 kN
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Wind load calculation table
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Homework
• Write it down definition from the IS 875 2015 Part 3
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5th Assignment
• Design a roof truss for a Railway platform of size 30 x 12 m situated in
Chennai and as shown in Fig. Assume asbestos cement sheetings.
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5th Assignment
• An industrial building is shown in Fig. The frames are at 5 m centers
and the length of the building is 40 m. The purlin spacing of the roof is
as shown in Delhi. Assume live and wind loads as per IS 875 and the
roof is covered with GI sheeting. Design the roof truss using angle
members and gusseted joints. The truss is to be fabricated using
welded joints in two parts for transport and assembled at site using
bolted joints at A, B, and C as shown in fig.
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Thank you!!!
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