KMC COLLEGE OF NURSING, MEERUT
PRACTICE TEACHING
ON
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRAID
SUBJECT- NURSING EDUCATION
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. Alan Clancy Vikas Shishodia
Assistant professor [Link] 1 ST Year
K.M.C College of nursing K.M.C College of nursing
SUBMITTED ON :15/7/2023
GENERAL INFORMATION
Name of the student: Vikas Shishodia
Subject: Nursing education
Name of the topic: Epidemiological traid
Date: 15/7/2023
Duration:45 minutes
Method of teaching: Lecture cum discussion
Place: Class
Language: English, Hindi
A.V Aids: Green board, PPT, leaflet
Name of the evaluator: Mr. Alan Clancy
Previous knowledge: Group may have some knowledge about the topic (Epidemiological Traid)
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
The end of the practice teaching that students will gain knowledge regarding ‘epidemiological traid’.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:
By the end of the class, the student will be able to:
• Introduce the topic
• Define Epidemiological traid
• Explain Epidemiological traid
• Describe disease control and prevention
[Link] TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES LEARNING
ACTIVITIES WITH
A.V AIDS
1. 2min Introduce the INTRODUCTION
topic
Used as an epidemiological tool, the triad is utilized to determine all factors
internal and external to the host (the human), making them more
susceptible to the agent (the “germ”), and has been used for decades to
determine specific factors contributing to disease.
2. 2min
Define DEFINITION
epidemiological Lecture cum Define
traid • Epidemiological triad, also known as the epidemiologic triangle, is a discussion with PPT epidemiological
fundamental concept in epidemiology used to understand and analyze traid?
the factors contributing to the occurrence and spread of diseases
within populations.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRAID COMPONENTS
3. 10min Explain Explain
components of The triad consists of three interconnected components: Lecture cum
epidemiological epidemiological
• Agent discussion with PPT traid?
traid • Host
• Environment
➢ The epidemiological triad provides a framework for understanding the
complex interplay between host, agent, and environment in the
occurrence and progression of diseases.
➢ By analyzing these three components, epidemiologists can identify
risk factors, develop preventive measures, and design interventions to
control and manage disease outbreaks.
➢ This model is essential for investigating and addressing a wide range
of health issues, from infectious diseases to chronic conditions.
➢ Interaction of agent, host and environment is called epidemiological
triangle or triads.
➢ Thus health is a dynamic equilibrium between human, agent and the
environment.
➢ It has three components: an external agent, a susceptible host and an
environment that brings the host and the agent together.
➢ According to this model the disease cannot be present if one of the
three factors agent, host and environment is absent.
AGENT-
Disease agent is factor which is living or non-living thing.
• Such as biological agents like virus, bacteria, fungi etc.
• Nutrient agents like protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals
and water,
• Physical agents like heat, cold, pressure, radiation, electricity.
• Disease may have a single or a number of independent agents or a
complex of two or more factors.
• Any excess or deficiency of the nutrient elements may result in
nutritional disorders, anemia, goiter, obesity
• Chemical agents– metal fumes, dust, gases, insecticides
• Mechanical agents – exposure to chronic friction and other
mechanical forces may result in crushing, tearing, sprains,
dislocations
• Social agents – poverty, smoking, abuse of drugs, unhealthy life
style, social isolation
HOST-
• The host may be a person or any other living animals including birds
and arthropods (insects) and provide subsistence to an infectious agent
under natural condition. Age, sex, heredity, nutritional status, immune
condition, occupation are major host factors influencing diseases.
• A transport host is a carrier in which the organism remains alive but
doesn't undergoes development.
Host factors-
• Demographic - age, sex, race
• Biological – genetic factors
• Social and economic factors
• Lifestyle factors
ENVIRONMENT-
4. 3min Describe disease Lecture cum
control and • All aspect of surrounding of an organism which can influence the discussion with PPT
prevention health status of people is called environment.
This include all surrounding such as air, water, food, housing etc.
• Physical environment
Air, water, soil, housing, climate, geography
• Biological environment
Viruses, fungi, plants, insects, rodents
• Psychological environment
Habits, beliefs, attitude, religious, customs
DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
• The primary mission of epidemiology is to provide information that
results in breaking one of the leg of triangle thereby disrupting the
connection among agent, host and environment and stopping
outbreaks.
• Applying the triad model to prevention, to prevent the disease it
should be sufficient to modify one or more of the factors of the corner
of the triangle.
• To immunize the host or to develop a protective environment or to
remove agent, These fall under health protection and hazard control
measures.
• If you can not remove or modify the corners of the triangle you can
prevent disease by breaking the lines.
• Remove the connection between the agent and the environment.
• Example install window screen to keep malarial mosquito out of the
house.
• Protect the house host from coming in contact with agent example,
use bug spray or mosquito nets.
• Move the host to a different environment example leave town.
• This idea is taken up in the source-path- receiver model in
occupational health.
4. 2 min Conclusion of CONCLUSION
the topic For the occurrence of disease in men there are three things are required-
• Agent
• Host
• Environment
These three factors are referred to as Epidemiological triad. Disease cannot
occur in the absence of any one of these three factors.
BIBLIOGRAPHY-
• [Link] “ the textbook of preventive and social medicine” edition 24th , published by JB brother, new delhi. Page no.- 221-223
• B.T. Basvanthappa “The textbook of community health nursing” 3rd edition, published by Jaypee Brothers, page no- 159
• Frank Jc year 2021 available on Epidemiological triad | PPT ([Link])
