UPSC PLANNER IAS

UNO related
UN’s Committee • The CESCR was set up in 1985 by the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations.
on Economic, • It is a United Nations body of 18 experts
Social and Cultural • It usually meets twice per year in Geneva to consider the five-yearly reports submitted by UN member states on their compliance with the International Covenant on Economic,
Rights Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
• Members are elected for a term of four years by States parties in accordance with ECOSOC Resolution 1985/17
• Members serve in their personal capacity
• Members do not represent their countries even though they may be nominated by their own nation.
• Former Indian diplomat, Preeti Saran has been elected unopposed to an Asia Pacific seat
UN Framework to • framework is an agreement between the UN chief, 36 organisational entities, the INTERPOL and the WCO
Combat • Coordination Committee of the United Nations will oversee the implementation of the framework
International • committee will be chaired by UN Under-Secretary-General for counter terrorism
Terrorism
UN Panel of • estd. By Resolution 74 (I) of 7 December 1946 by UNGA.
Auditors • It audits the accounts of the United Nations organization and its funds and programmes
• It report its findings and recommendations to the UNGA through the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
• It is a 3 member body consisting of CAG of UN member states
• appoints a new Board member every two years at its regular session
• CAG Rajiv Mehrishi has become the Vice-Chair of the UN Panel of Auditorsin 2018
Global Compact • It is an inter-governmentally negotiated agreement, prepared under the auspices of the United Nations
for Migration • It was formally endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly on 19 December 2018.
• It is a voluntary, non-binding document that introduces no additional obligations to states. It is a global agreement setting out a common framework, shared principles and best
practices on international migration.
• It is framed consistent with target 10.7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
• United States, Hungary, Israel, Czech Republic and Poland are against this compact
UN Habitat • It is the United Nations agency for human settlements and sustainable urban development.
• It was established in 1978 as an outcome of the First UN Conference on Human Settlements and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I) held in Vancouver
• its headquarters is at the United Nations Office at Nairobi, Kenya
• It aims to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all
• UN-Habitat reports to the United Nations General Assembly
• It is a member of the United Nations Development Group
• United Nations has designated the first Monday of October every year as World Habitat Day
• National Mission for Clean Ganga partnered with UN Habitat recently organized a policy dialogue- ‘Urban Cafe: River for Habitat’ in New Delhi on the
occasion of World Cities Day 2018.
World Food • Estd. 19 December 1961
Programme • is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations and the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security
(WFP) • WFP operations are funded by voluntary donations from governments of the world, corporations and private donors
• It is a member of the United Nations Development Group
• WFP food aid is also directed to fight micronutrient deficiencies, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, and combat disease, including HIV and AIDS.
• WFP and Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group have formed strategic partnership to support efforts eliminate hunger globally by 2030.
• Alibaba Cloud, the cloud computing arm of Alibaba will work with WFP to develop digital “World Hunger Map”
Central • It is a humanitarian fund established by the United Nations General Assembly on December 15, 2005 and launched in March 2006
Emergency • It aims to protect all potential victims of disasters and to provide predictable and equitable funding to those affected by natural disasters and other humanitarian emergencies.
Response Fund • The fund is replenished annually through contributions from governments, the private sector, foundations and individuals
• grant element is divided into two windows –
1. Rapid Responses- to mitigate the unevenness and delays of the voluntary contribution system by providing seed money for life-saving, humanitarian activities in the
initial days of crisis
2. Underfunded Emergencies- supports countries that are significantly challenged by “forgotten” emergencies.

International • It succeeded Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) in 1946, which was established by the League of Nations in 1920
Court of Justice • It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN).
• Seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands).
• All members of the UN are party to the ICJ Statute.
• ICJ comprises a panel of 15 judges elected by the UNGA and UNSC for nine-year terms. Votes of both the bodies are casted simultaneously but separate.
• one third of the Court is elected every three years and are eligible for re-election
• The ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is legally binding
• the Court is not composed of representatives of governments
• no Member of the Court can be dismissed unless, in the unanimous opinion of the other Members, he/she no longer fulfils the required conditions.
United Nations • It was established in 2006 by the UNGA to replace the UN Commission on Human Rights
Human Rights • It is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world.
Council (UNHRC) • It has 47 members elected for staggered three-year terms on a regional group basis
• Members meet around three times a year, resolution and recommendation of UNHRC is non binding in nature.
• United States withdrew from the UNHRC accusing it of a “chronic bias against Israel”.
• India has been re-elected to UNHRC for a period of three years, previously been elected UNHRC for the 2011-2014 and 2014-2017 terms
Centre for United • was created in 1948
Nations • to help countries torn by conflict to create the conditions for lasting peace
Peacekeeping • UN peacekeepers can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel.
(CUNPK) • They are also called as blue berets/helmets.
• UN Peacekeepers are led by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DKPO).
• UN Peacekeeping maintains three basic principles: Consent of the parties, impartiality and non-use of Force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.
• Peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they may have signed.
• UN Peacekeeping Force won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.
• UN Charter gives the UNSC the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. UNSC authorize peacekeeping operations
• In cases where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate, the Council authorizes regional organizations such as the NATO, or coalitions of willing countries to undertake
peacekeeping

Global Centre • It Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect was established in February 2008 to promote universal acceptance and effective operational implementation of the norm of the
for the "Responsibility to Protect“
Responsibility • It serves as a resource and a forum for governments, international institutions and NGOs working to protect populations from mass atrocities.
to Protect • "Responsibility to Protect” is a global political commitment which was endorsed by all member states of the United Nations at the 2005 World Summit in order to address its four
key concerns to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity
• Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping (CUNPK), India and the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect have jointly started the pilot “Training of Trainers (ToT) Course on
Civilian Protection and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” in Delhi.
United Nations • It held its first session on 17 January 1946.
Security Council • It is one of the six principal organs of UN charged with ensuring international peace and security, accepting new members to the UN and approving any changes to its charter
(UNSC) • It consist of 15 member in total, 5 permanent ones — Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States 10 non-permanent members, half of which are elected each year
• Presidency rotates monthly among its members.
• It is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states.

United Nations • Created in December 1949

Relief and Works • It is a relief and human development agency which supports more than 5 million registered Palestinian refugees, and their patrilineal descendants, who fled or were expelled from
Agency (UNRWA) their homes during the 1948 Palestine war as well as those who fled or were expelled during and following the 1967 Six Day war
• Its fields of operation — Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
• It is the only UN agency dedicated to helping refugees from a specific region or conflict and is separate from UNHCR.
• In the absence of a solution to the Palestine refugee problem, the General Assembly has repeatedly renewed UNRWA’s mandate, most recently extending it until 30 June 2020.
• total of 20 countries, including India, announced contributions to the 2018 budget of the UNRWA. India pledge USD 5million after USA has announced
sever cut in its funding to UNRWA
Regional • It was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009
Integrated • It is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information.
Multi-Hazard • It is evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
Early Warning • It is owned and managed by its 48 members and collaborating states
System • Council is composed of heads of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and national scientific and technical agencies generating multi-hazard early warning
(RIMES) information.
• The Council is empowered to make policy decisions, on behalf of governments, concerning regional early warning arrangements
• Currently, India chairs the RIMES Council.
 SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
Food and Agriculture It was estd. On 16 October 1945
•
Organization (FAO) In 1951, FAO's headquarters were moved from Washington, DC, United States, to Rome, Italy
•
• is directed by the Conference of Member Nations, which meets every two years, The Conference elects a council of 49 member states (serve three- year rotating terms) that
acts as an interim governing body
• It leads international efforts to defeat hunger
• It Serves both developed and developing countries
• In 2004 the Right to Food Guidelines were adopted, offering guidance to states on how to implement their obligations on the right to food
• Global Statistics Service(ESSG), Food and Agriculture Organization - Statistics Division is responsible for updating and disseminating the FAOSTAT report
• Land and Water Division maintains a database of global water statistics, Aquastat
• FAO covers whole food value chain, from food to farmers
❑ Programmes
Food related
• Codex Alimentarius
• World Food Summit
• TeleFood
• FAO Goodwill Ambassadors
• 1billionhungry project 2011
Agriculture related
• International Plant Protection Convention
• Integrated pest management via Farmer Field School (FFS)
• Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases in 1994- rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease and avian flu
• Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) – for well-being of family farming communities and sustainable agriculture and rural development.
WHO • It was established on 7 April 1948
• It is concerned with international public health.
• WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
• WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, the worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day
• The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the legislative and supreme body of WHO.
• It has 13 priority area among them are – communicable diseases, NCDs, reduction in mortality and morbidity during important stages of life, road safety, environmental
pollution, policy/ programmes of govt. amongst other.
WIPO • It was created in 1967 “to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world.”
• It has currently 191 member states, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
• World Intellectual Property Indicators 2018 report was recently released. A/c to it Globally, 1.4 million patents were granted in 2017, china alone had 420,144 patent
followed by USA with 318,829
International • Originally founded in 1865, as the International Telegraph Union, the ITU is the oldest existing international organization.
Telecommunication Union • All UN member states except the Republic of Palau, plus the Vatican City are its member
(ITU) • coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits etc.
• ITU sets and publishes regulations and standards relevant to electronic communication and broadcasting technologies
• ITU organizes and holds an exhibition and forum known as the Global TELECOM every four years.
• Although the recommendations of the ITU are non-binding, most countries adhere to them in the interest of maintaining an effective international electronic
communication environment
• India has been elected as a Member of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Council for another 4-year term (2019-2022)
International Labour • It was formed through the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and was initially an agency of the League of Nations
Organization (ILO) • mandate is to advance social justice and promote decent work by setting international labour standards
• Unlike other un body It has a tripartite governing structure that brings together governments, employers, and workers of 187 member States
• ILO organises once a year the International Labour Conference in Geneva to set the broad policies of the ILO, including conventions and recommendations, it is also known
as the "international parliament of labour”
• ILO's International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) was created in 1992 with the overall goal of the progressive elimination of child labour
• ILO is a member of the United Nations Development Group
• Throughout 2019, there will be different events taking place around the world that will highlight the achievements of the organization and the role it plays in everyone's
lives.
UNESCO • Estd. 4 November 1946
• It is the successor of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
• Aims to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development, increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law and intercultural
dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information
• It pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and communication/information
• Projects sponsored by UNESCO include
• literacy, technical, and teacher-training programs, international science programs, the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press, regional and cultural history
projects, the promotion of cultural diversity, translations of world literature, international cooperation agreements to secure the world's cultural and natural heritage (World
Heritage Sites, MAB programme)and to preserve human rights, and attempts to bridge the
worldwide digital divide. It is also a member of the United Nations Development Group.
International Civil • The Convention on International Civil Aviation, which provided for the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), was signed in Chicago in 1944.
Aviation Organization The Organization came into existence on 4 April 1947 after 26 states had ratified the Convention. Under article 44 of the Convention, the ICAO is charged with developing the
(ICAO) principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fostering the planning and development of international air transport to ensure the safe and orderly growth of
international civil aviation throughout the world.
International Monetary The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organisation of 187 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international
Fund (IMF) trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty.

World Bank Group (World • Since inception in 1944, the World Bank has expanded from a single institution to a closely associated group of five development institutions.
Bank Group)
Universal Postal Union • The Universal Postal Union (UPU) was established by the Berne Treaty of 1874 and became a specialised agency of the UN in 1948. Article 1 of the Vienna Constitution 1964
(UPU) states that the aim of the Union is to secure the organisation and improvements of postal services, promote the development of international collaboration and undertake,
as far as possible, technical assistance in postal matters requested by members countries. To this end, the countries that have adopted the Constitution comprise a single
postal territory.
World Meteorological • The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is the successor to the International Meteorological Organization, which was established in 1873. It formally came into
Organization (WMO) existence in 1950 and became a UN specialised agency in 1951.
International Maritime • The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the UN specialised agency responsible for the safety of life at sea, maritime security and the protection of the marine
Organization (IMO) environment through prevention of sea pollution caused by ships. It facilitates cooperation among governments to achieve the highest practicable standards of maritime
safety and security, and efficiency in navigation.
International Fund for • The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is an international financial institution and UN specialised agency dedicated to eradicating poverty in rural areas
Agricultural Development of developing countries. The Fund was established in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference.
(IFAD)
United Nations Industrial • The UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is the UN specialized agency mandated to promote industrial development and international industrial cooperation.
Development The Organization's mission statement is: Partner for prosperity: UNIDO aspires to reduce poverty through sustainable industrial development. we want every country to have
Organization (UNIDO the opportunity to grow a flourishing productive sector, to increase their participation in international trade and to safeguard their environment.
World Tourism •UNWTO is the UN's specialised agency in the field of tourism. It provides leadership and support to the tourism sector in the advancement of sustainable policies, practices
Organization (UNWTO) and actions. Through the promotion and development of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism, UNWTO endeavours to maximise tourism's contribution
to socio-economic growth, job creation, development, environmental conservation, cultural enrichment and international understanding, while minimizing negative social or
environmental impacts. It pays particular attention to the interests of developing countries.
United Nations Development Group (UNDG) is a consortium of many United Nations agencies, created by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1997 to improve the effectiveness of UN
development activities at the country level. UNDG brings together 32 UN agencies and groups, plus five observers working on various development issues.

IMPORTANT RESOLUTION AT UN
2427 • It is aimed at further crystalizing the protection of children in armed conflicts, including by combating their recruitment by non-State armed groups and
treating formerly recruited children primarily as victims.
1267 • It is aims to put sanction on any organisation or individuals. It includes Asset freeze, Travel ban and arms embargo. It has been used against those who
are threat to global peace.
• Most recently Masood azhar has been put under this sanction
• Other related resolution are 1988, 1989, 2253 and 2368