CHAPTER 03:- INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
3.1 Historical context of child protection:
If we look a historical context of child protection in the light of Islam it has a deep
historic roots in Islamic teachings, in which Islam has emphasized on the welfare and
rights children either a child with guardian or Orphan, their rights are mentioned in both
Quran and Hadith.
Here is the historical context of child protection
1. Protection of children in the light Quran:
Value of life: The Quran has emphasized on the sacredness and protection of all human
life, specially children in Surah Al-Isra (chapter-17, Ayat-31) Allah say, “Do not kill
your children for the fear of poverty We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for
you, surely killing them is heinous sin”. This verse briefs the old practice of child
homicide and directs the protections of lives of children.
Proscription of Infanticide: During the time of Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وآله
وسلمthe pre-Islamic era of Arabic society had a common practice of burying daughters
alive due to the poverty and fear of dishonor of incarceration, Allah denounced this
practice and exaggerated the protection of every child regardless of gender. In Surah At-
Takwir (Chapter-81, Ayat- 9-9) He says, “On the day of judgement those girls who
were buried alive will be asked question that for what sin they got killed”.
Provision the right of Orphans: In Surah Al-Nisa (chapter-4, Ayat-10) Quran says,
“Indeed, those who devour the property of orphans unjustly are only consuming into their
bellies fire. And they will be burned in a Blaze/Hellfire and in Ayat-2, Allah says “’And
give the orphans their property, do no exchange their property with yours indeed, it is a
great sin”.
2. Protection of children in the light of Hadith:
Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وآله وسلمemphasized on the important of
upbringing of a child with love and good moral values and good education, there are
many practices mentioned in Hadith of Prophet that He used to interact with children
with humbleness and kindness. One of famous Hadith narrated by (Sunan Abu Daud) that
Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وآله وسلمSaid “He is not one of us who does not
show mercy on children”.
Rights of Orphans and Vulnerable children: Islamic teaching has strongly urged a
Muslim on the protection and care of Orphans, according to Hadith (Sahih Al- Bukhari)
Prophet quoted that “The one who cares and protect Orphans he and I will be together in
Jinnah and he will be close with me like these two fingers are very close with each
other”.
These Quran verses and Hadiths highlights the responsibilities of Muslim society to take
care of one’s children and children without guardians therefore, children holds right of
love, care, education and parents or guardians and they are accountable for fulfilling
these duties in manner that holds children’s custody with dignity and development.
3.2 Importance of welfare departments:
Social welfare departments are essential for Vulnerable population of the country and
strengthening the deprived communities, there are multiple roles which significantly
impact societies in many ways such as:
1. Support for marginalized communities:
Welfare departments are providing crucial social services to the needy, the helpless, and
the doomed such as children, the old, disabled, poor, and those who are facing crisis .
Some of the support includes shelter, medical, nutritional programs and financial
assistance to enable people obtain their needs in life and improve their quality of life.
2. Promotion of health and wellbeing:
As our group is also concerned with one of the welfare department Alkhidmat
Foundation and together we will promote health and wellbeing by addressing disparities
help them to prevent illness, improve mental health outcomes and ensure that all needy
one get resources which are necessary for healthy life.
3. Economic stability and poverty reduction:
By providing financial assistance, employment training and skill developing programs
social welfare departments make the individual independent and self sufficient to earn
which ultimately reduce the poverty and upsurge the economic stability.
4. Instant response to emergency and crisis:
During the natural disasters, economic and personal crisis these welfare departments
response immediately to such disastrous situations and provide emergency relief to
effectees by offering shelter, food and medical aid these services help them to recover
from these crisis and mitigate the long term impact of disasters, the major example is
COVID-19 and 2022 Floods in which many Welfare NGOs provided immediate
assistance.
In conclusion, social welfare departments play a pivotal role in positively transforming
society’s wellbeing, support rights of the needy, fight for social justice and stepped up
efforts for the improvement of the overall health of the society. They work for something
that is essential for a society in which people are equal, and everyone gets a chance.
3.3 List of issues addressed by Sindh children Protection
Authority (SCPA):
Sindh child protection authority has addressed following issues:
1. Child Abuse: Children are being abused in the form of physical, emotional, and sexual
abuse.
2. Child Labor: Child abuse in the form of labor exploitation that involves children
rendering labor services depriving them from an opportunity to go to school.
3. Child Trafficking: Smuggling and trafficking the children for purposes of selling
them into laboring, illicit exploitation, and other related vices.
4. Neglect and Abandonment: Families suffering from parents Child separation or other
forms of abuse including abandonment.
5. Juvenile Justice: Lack of protection and treatment or rehabilitation of children in the
juvenile justice system.
6. Lack of Awareness on Child Rights: Lack of consciousness of other people
concerning the rights of children, leading to the high risks they face.
7. Child Rights Violations: Breaches of the children’s rights, in their homes and
institutions.
8. Poor Access to Health and Nutrition: A Few health and nutritive services for needy
kids.
9. Lack of Support for Orphans: Lack of proper care, education, and parenting or lack
of emotional attachment for children who have been orphaned.
10. Family Separation: Family breakdowns: children’s physical and emotional status
impacted in various ways by; separations.
All these issues are core to SCPA’s mandate of advocating for and on behalf of and
working to secure the best interests of children in Sindh.
3.4 Which factors contributing to problems in children
(violence, neglect and exploitation):
Below are the primary factors that are contributing to problem in children violence,
neglect and exploitation:
1. Poverty: In economics, it leads vulnerable families to employ children for work, or
even abandon them, because often there are no resources to feed themselves. Poverty cuts
across and increases the vulnerability of a nation and or individuals to the vice of
trafficking and exploitation.
2.Lack of Education: It was also evidenced by the fact that; there is poor parents or
guardian literacy and awareness on child rights and developmental issues hence neglect
or acceptance of Child labor.
3. Cultural Norms and Social Beliefs: Some cultures might justify working children,
use of stocks or force marriage, which results in violence or abuse of the children.
4.Weak Legal Frameworks and Enforcement: Weak legislation or absence of strong
assurance to the laws put in place exposes children to abuse, trafficking or exploitation by
the perpetrators.
5.Family Breakdown and Dysfunction: A broken home, either through divorce, or the
parents being away from home either for work, political reasons, etc, substance abuse is
also known to cause emotional abuse, and in some extreme cases physical abuse. The
above children also get easily exploited mainly because they come from unstable homes.
6.Domestic Violence: Growing up in a household with domestic violence leads children
to traumatized; emotionally, or even physically abused with increased cycle of violence.
7.Political Instability and Conflict: When there is political instabilities, juvenile abuse,
or war like situation, child trafficking the labor and their exploitation rate is expected to
be high, this is due to poor protection structures and eradication of institutionalized
services.
8.Mental Health Issues in Caregivers: If parents or guardians suffer from mental
illness, they may not provide adequate care for their child due to the demands of the
mental condition.
9.Displacement and Migration: Migrants or refugees’ children, particularly those who
are unaccompanied, are at a large risk of being exploited, trafficked or abused because
they have an insecure legal status and are not protected.
3.5 Effecting factors to education sectors:
Here are some factors that are effecting education sectors in Pakistan:
1.Insufficient Funding: The government of Pakistan spends a very small proportion of its Gross
Domestic Product on education hence implying that the country hardly resources both
infrastructure facilities, teaching and learning facilities as well as other quality enhancement
provisions. It impacts on public education especially areas that are not well endowed, rural areas
inclusive.
2.Political Instability and Policy Disruptions: They do not enhance consistent policies such as
planning and implementing education for long term governance because of change in politics
frequently. Movements may be set in motion by one administration and quashed by the next
leaving the progress stunted.
3.Quality of Teachers and Training: School based teacher training programs are inadequate,
poorly resourced and currently most teachers in Zimbabwe are not well trained. Teaching is also
not very attractive because teachers earn little, and they are not assured of permanent jobs.
4.Socioeconomic Disparities: They include poverty, more so in the rural areas where parents
may prefer child labor to school. This denies children from the poor families an opportunity to
education and as a result is a continuation of poverty.
5.Gender Inequality: Poor female attend school since there are prejudices in their favor in rural
and conservative parts of the country. Cultural beliefs which include early marriage, insecurity
and marriage also contribute and amplify the education gap between males and females.
6.Poor Infrastructure: Most schools and especially in rural areas, do not have basic amenities
such as electricity, safe water and sanitation. This demotivates enrollment and impacts student’s
performance and learning processes.
7.Curriculum and Language Barriers: The emphasis on sheer knowledge gets more
importance while importance of extensive thinking process and real life experiences gets thrown
to the background. Also, some instructions are in Urdu, others in English, and the regional
languages, intertwining the languages causes inconsistency.
The Vicious Cycle of Lack Of Education Caused By Above Factors
Less
Enrollment
in schools
Early
Hard
Marraiges
economics
due to
challenges illiteracy
High level Growth in
oof Population
inflation size
Fastly
depletion of
resources
