DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

I.OBJECTIVES

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of:

1. The three main categories of rocks

2. The origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks

Learning Competencies: The learners should:

1. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties

2. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

II.SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Minerals and Rocks

Reference: Earth Science Q1 Module 3 - 11 Earth Science Quarter 1 – Module 3: EARTH

MATERIALS AND PROCESSES - Studocu, STEM – EARTH SCIENCE Module 2: Classification of
Rocks and the Minerals Important to Society - Studocu, Earth Science Q1 Module 3 - 11
Earth Science Quarter 1 – Module 3: EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES - Studocu

Materials: Laptop, Pictures, Video Clips, Smart TV

III.PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. Preliminary Activities
1. Greetings
Good Afternoon Class. Good afternoon, sir Mark. Good
Afternoon Classmates.
2. Prayer
Ms. Bilaos please lead the prayer. Ms. Bilaos will lead the prayer in front.

3. Checking of Attendance
Is there any absent in the class? None sir, If there’s no absent.
Yes sir, If there’s an absent.

4. Setting of Classroom Rules

Before we start the lesson, please pick
up the pieces of paper under your table. And
lets us First recall our classroom rules. Who can
give ne the first rule? Sit properly

Correct. What are the others? Be quiet

Listen Attentively
Participate
B. ELICIT
1.Review

Before we proceed to our new topic. Let’s

have a short review on the past lesson.

Class. What’s our previous discussion all Sir

about?
Yes Ms. Tugade The previous lesson is all about the
Universe and Solar System.
Very Good!

What is universe and solar system all

about?
Yes Ms. Bilaos? The Universe encompasses all of space,
time, matter, and energy, while the Solar
System refers to the Sun and its orbiting
celestial bodies.
Excellent!

C. ENGAGE
Before we proceed to our new topic. Let’s
us first play a game word search game.
Search the following words.

HARDNESS
MINERALS
LUSTER
STREAK
IGNEOUS ROCK
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
CLEAVAGE
FRACTURE
COLOR
QUARTS
GABBRO
CHALK
MARBLE
DOLOMITE

D. EXPLORE
Class I will show a different pictures you will
analyse it and give some ideas and share it to
your classmates.
 Igneous rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Minerals

Class what is your ideas in the given Sir?

pictures? It is all about the types of the rocks and
Yes Ms. Cleofe minerals.

Very Good Ms. Cleofe!

E. EXPLAIN
Let’s begin our new topic for today’s
discussion it is all about the Minerals And Rocks.

So, Do you have any idea what is Minerals

And Rocks? Anyone?
 Ms. Tugade what is Minerals And Rocks? A mineral is a naturally-occurring
substance formed through geological
processes that has a characteristic
chemical composition, a highly ordered
atomic structure and specific physical
properties. A rock is a naturally occurring
aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids.

Very Good Ms. Tugade!

There are three main types of rocks:

sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Each
of these rocks are formed by physical changes—
such as melting, cooling, eroding, compacting,
or deforming—that are part of the rock cycle.

Again Class what are the three types of rocks? Igneous Rocks, Sedimentary Rocks, and
Metamorphic Rocks.
Very Good Class
1. Igneous rocks form when magma (molten
rock) cools and crystallizes, either at volcanoes
on the surface of the Earth or while the melted
rock is still inside the crust. All magma develops
underground, in the lower crust or upper
mantle, because of the intense heat there.
Types Of Igneous Rocks
1. Igneous Intrusive or Plutonic Igneous
2. Igneous Extrusive or Volcanic Igneous

1. Igneous Intrusive or Plutonic Igneous –

form from magma that cools and crystallizes
beneath the Earth’s surface.
Examples:
a. Granite – a light-colored igneous rock with
grains large enough that is visible with the
unaided eye. It is composed mainly of quartz
and feldspar with minor amounts of mica,
amphiboles and other minerals.
b. Gabbro – a coarse-grained, dark-colored,
intrusive igneous rocks. It is usually black or
dark green in color and composed mainly of the
mineral’s plagioclase and augite. It is the most
abundant rock in the deep oceanic crust.

2. Igneous Extrusive or Volcanic Igneous – form

at the Earth’s surface that cooled and
crystallized from magma which has spilled out
onto the surface at a volcano. At the surface,
the magma is more familiarly known as lava.
Examples:
a. Basalt – as a mafic silicate rock is usually
dark-colored, hard, fine-grained and with high
specific gravity.
b. Obsidian – formed from lava that is also
dark-colored but glassy, meaning it has no
crystal.
c. Scoria – a dark-colored igneous rock with
abundant round bubble-like cavities known as
vesicles.

2. Sedimentary Rocks – Sedimentary rocks are

one of three main types of rocks, along with
igneous and metamorphic. They are formed on
or near the Earth’s surface from the
compression of ocean sediments or other
processes.
Three Main Types of Sedimentary Rocks
1. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks – derived from
mechanical weathering. Weathering is the
breakdown of rocks into smaller ones.
2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks – form when
dissolved materials precipitate. Precipitation is
the process of separating a solid substance from
a liquid.
3. Organic Sedimentary Rocks – formed by the
accumulated sedimentary debris caused by
organic processes. These may contain fossils of
plants and animals trapped in the sediments as
the rock was formed.

Examples of Sedimentary Rocks:

a. Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock
that contains large (greater than two mm in
diameter) rounded clasts. The space between
the clasts is generally filled with similar particles
and/or a chemical cement that binds the rock
together.

b. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed

of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or
organic material.
c. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock
that forms from the compaction of silt and
clay-size mineral particles that we commonly
call “mud”.
d. Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed
primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the
form of the mineral calcite. It most commonly
forms in clear, warm, shallow marine waters.
3.Metamorphic rocks is formed from the words
“meta” (change) and” morph” (form). It is
form when a sedimentary or igneous rock is
exposed to high pressure, high temperature
or both deep below the surface of the
earth. Metamorphism is a process that
produces fundamental change in the
mineralogy and texture of the rock. Prolith is
an original rock prior to metamorphism. Some
common types of metamorphic rock include:
slate, schist, gneiss, amphibolite, marble,
quartzite, metaconglomerate

Types of Metamorphic Rocks:

1.Foliated metamorphic rocks – have a layered
or banded appearance that is produced by
exposure to heat and directed pressure.
Examples:
a. Gneiss – derived from conglomerate. It often
contains feldspar or quartz.
b. Slate – derived from shale. It is a fine-grained
rock.
c. Schist- made up of plate-shaped mineral
grains that are large enough to see with an
unaided eye.

2.Non-foliated metamorphic rock – do not

have a layered or banded appearance.
Example:
a. Marble – derived from limestone. It is a hard
crystalline rock and is considered as the most
beautiful rock because of its shimmering luster.
b. Quartzite – derived from sandstone. It is very
hard and durable.
c. Anthracite- is a jet-black, hard coal that has a
high luster, is brittle and breaks with conchoidal
fracture.

Minerals - are the building blocks of rocks

- are any naturally occurring inorganic solid
that possesses an orderly crystalline structure
and can be represented by a chemical formula
What makes mineral a mineral? –
Solid - Naturally occurring - Inorganic -
Crystalline Structure - Definite Chemical
Composition

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Physical Properties:
a) LUSTER - used to describe how light is
reflected from the surface of a mineral.
b) CLEAVAGE – the tendency of a mineral to
cleave, or break, along flat, even
c) FRACTURE – uneven breakage of a mineral
d) COLOR - the visible color that a mineral
sample appears to the naked eye.
e) STREAK – the color of a mineral in its
powdered form
f) HARDNESS – a measure of the resistance
of a mineral to abrasion.

What Are Rock-Forming Minerals?

A mineral is a naturally occurring substance,
representable by a chemical formula, that is
usually solid and inorganic, and has a crystal
structure. Rock are different than minerals since
rock doesn’t have a specific chemical
composition and can be aggregate of both
minerals or non-minerals. However, many of
the rocks are primarily made up of minerals
after the decomposition and consolidation
along with other organic or inorganic
substances. Some of the common rock forming
minerals along with their physical and chemical
properties are discussed below:

1. Quartz
 It is pure or nearly pure silica and is
hard and glassy mineral.
 It is transparent to translucent in nature
and its colour varies from white and
grey to smokey.
 It does not have a cleavage and thus
does not break into regular flat faces.
 Hardness = 7, Specific gravity = 2.66
2. Feldspar
 Feldspar is silicates of alumina, with
alkaline substances like potassium,
sodium and calcium.
 Its appearance is not so glassy as that of
Quartz and is dull to opaque with a
porcelain-like appearance.
 A stone readily meets the decay if it
contains large proportions of feldspar
mixed with other minerals.
 Hardness = 6, Specific gravity = 2.5 to
2.7
3. Mica
 Mica contains silicates of aluminium
with potassium.
 It is soft and readily affected by
 atmosphere and chemicals.
 It has perfect cleavage, causing it to
easily break into thin sheets.
 Hardness = 2.5 and Specific gravity = 3.
4. Hornblende
 Complex silicate with hardness = 5.5
and specific gravity = 3.2.
 Dark coloured mineral found in many
types of igneous and metamorphic
rocks.
5. Calcite
 Leading constituent of limestone and
marble.
 Hardness = 3 and specific gravity = 2.7.
6. Dolomite
 It is Magnesium carbonate with
chemical composition as CaMg (CO3)2
 Metamorphic rocks like dolomitic
marble and few sedimentary rocks have
dolomite as the major constituent.
 It has three directions of perfect
cleavage.
 Moh’s hardness is 3.5 to 4, specific
gravity is 2.8 to 2.9.

F. ELABORATE

Okay class do you understand our lesson for Yes Sir!

today?

If you understand the lesson. What are the Sir

three categories of rocks?

Yes, Ms. Bilaos?

The three categories of rocks are Igneous
rocks, Sedimentary Rocks, and
Metamorphic rocks.
Very Good! You are listening to our topic
today.

What is the meaning if Igneous,

Sedimentary, and metamorphic Rocks based on
what you understand in the lesson? Anyone?

Ms. Tugade Stand up.

Igneous rocks are formed from melted
rock deep inside the Earth.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from
layers of sand, silt, dead plants, and
animal skeletons.
 Metamorphic rocks formed from other
rocks that are changed by heat and
pressure underground.

Good Job! Ms. Tugade

G. EVALUATE
Direction: Read the following questions
carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in a separate sheet
of paper.
Test I.
1. Which of the following is NOT a classification
of rocks? B
A. Igneous C. Metamorphic B. Magma
D. Sedimentary
2. Which of the following is an example of an
igneous rock? A
A. Granite B. Limestone C. Marble
D. Sandstone
3. Scientists that study minerals. C
A. Archeologist B. Meteorologist
C. Mineralogist D. Pathologist
4. It is the building blocks of rocks.
A. Cleavage B. Minerals C. Magma
D. Gabbro
5. It is the color of a minerals in its powdered
form. C
A. Fracture B. Color C. Streak D. Cleavage
Test II.
6-8. Give the three main types of rocks.
9-10. Give the two types of igneous rocks.
11-13. Give the three types of sedimentary
rocks.
14-15. Give atleast 2 properties of minerals.

H.EXTEND
Assignment: Research and study the lesson
about endogenic processes.
 WORD SEARCH
I B B L Q M E T R O L O C R O J
G D S O U N P H E R U T C A R F
N I V V A S D O L O M I T E A W
E K O W R M T G Z P O F S Y D P
O J E I T L U E V M M S R V Y L
U Q O K S L O D R I E N O M S U
S K C O R Y R A T N E M I D E S
R A H U N Q B R D E C F M D T A
O C K Y B L A R B R U T M R V I
C Z R I E N A M I A A Y E C N X
K X P U M H T B Y L R A W O Q Y
S I U T L X K O K S K N M L G W
G A B B R O U E L O Y U T V U S
R O L M T Z Y D A C S Q R S T I
M E T A M O R P H I C R O C K S
S E G A V A E L C E H J D F B V

MINERAL FRACTURE
STREAK COLOR
LUSTER HARDNESS
DOLOMITE QUARTS
CLEAVAGE GABBRO
IGNEOUS ROCKS CHALK
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS MARBLE
METAMORPHIC ROCKS DOLOMITE